桥小脑角大型脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨桥小脑角大型及巨大型脑膜瘤手术入路及显微手术切除方法方法回顾分析经显微手术治疗的28例桥小脑角大型及巨大型脑膜瘤：其中19例采用枕下乙状窦后入路，3例采用颞枕开颅乙状窦前入路，4例采用颞枕开颅颞下小脑幕入路，2例采用颞枕开颅与幕上、下联合入路：结果肿瘤全切除(SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级)22例，全切除率为78．6％。全组无手术死亡。术后症状改善者20例，症状基本同术前5例。26例随访6个月至4年，生活自理者23例(88．5%)，复发2例(7．7％)。结论合理选择手术入路，术中应用显微技术妥善处理和保护血管、神经、脑干等，能较理想地切除肿瘤和提高患者生存质量。     

枕下乙状窦后入路在桥小脑角区脑膜瘤中的应用经验

目的探讨枕下乙状窦后入路在桥小脑角区脑膜瘤手术中的作用。方法通过对我院自2001年12月到2015年12月53例采用枕下乙状窦后入路的桥小脑角区脑膜瘤手术病例进行分析,总结分析肿瘤的影像学特点、临床症状、手术疗效及术后神经功能。结果该组病例肿瘤全切48例,次全切除5例。术后症状和体征完全消失32例,症状较术前减轻7例,颅神经损害症状同术前3例,出现新神经功能障11例。结论枕下乙状窦后入路是处理桥小脑角区病变的经典手术入路,该入路可以获得对桥小脑区神经血管良好的暴露,手术创伤小,患者恢复快,术后并发症少。     

枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术切除听神经瘤

目的总结枕下乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤的临床经验。方法采用单侧枕下乙状窦后入路,运用显微外科技术切除听神经瘤71例,其中17例采用内窥镜辅助小骨窗(3.0cm×3.5cm)手术。结果肿瘤镜下全切除63例(88.7%),次全切除8例(11.3%)。面神经解剖保留54例(76.1%),功能保留37例(52.1%),有效听力保留2例(2.8%),无手术死亡。结论经枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗听神经瘤,能获得对听神经瘤及桥小脑角的良好显露,手术效果满意。     

小切口开颅显微技术治疗继发性三叉神经痛

目的探讨小切口开颅显微技术切除桥小脑角区肿瘤治疗继发性三叉神经痛的效果。方法 2010年1月~2012年12月采用小切口开颅显微技术治疗30例继发性三叉神经痛。采用枕下乙状窦后小切口开颅技术,在显微镜下沿小脑半球外侧面逐步进入,显露桥小脑角池,探查颅神经与肿瘤的关系,继而全/近全切除肿瘤,彻底解除三叉神经根区压迫。结果术后三叉神经痛症状均消失,其中29例术后症状立即消失,1例术后1个月内逐渐消失。24例(80.0%)肿瘤全切除,6例胆脂瘤次全切除囊壁。面神经功能保留27例(90.0%),有效听力保留28例(93.3%)。30例随访3~24个月,中位数10个月,无复发。结论小切口开颅技术切除桥小脑角区肿瘤治疗继发性三叉神经痛安全有效。     

经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗继发性三叉神经痛37例

目的探讨经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角占位性病变引起的继发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2000年10月～2006年7月37例继发性三叉神经痛的临床资料，其中胆脂瘤18例，脑膜瘤8例，听神经瘤6例，三叉神经鞘瘤5例，均经乙状窦后入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切23例，次全切除10例，部分切除4例。35例疼痛症状消失（32例立即消失，3例术后2个月消失），随访3个月～5年无复发；2例无效。发生暂时性面瘫6例，面部麻木6例，无颅内感染及脑脊液漏。结论经乙状窦后入路显微手术是治疗继发性三叉神经痛安全有效的方法。     

内镜辅助显微镜下经乙状窦后入路的解剖学观察及临床应用

目的通过对经乙状窦后入路的内镜解剖与显微解剖学研究,为临床提供解剖学参考。方法 10例成人尸头,取经乙状窦后入路,在显微镜和内镜下对其内部结构进行全程观察。采用经乙状窦后入路切除桥小脑角区肿瘤57例。结果通过显微镜及不同角度内镜,能够清楚观察到桥小脑角区的重要血管、神经结构。听神经瘤全切除27例,大部分切除5例;脑膜瘤全切除15例,大部分切除3例;胆脂瘤7例均全切除。无围手术期死亡。无与神经内镜手术相关的并发症。结论内镜辅助显微镜经乙状窦后入路对桥小脑角区暴露良好,对周围组织损伤小,有效提高手术的安全性,较单纯显微手术有明显优势。     

枕下乙状窦后-内听道上入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的介绍应用枕下乙状窦后-内听道上入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微手术技术。方法回顾性分析采用枕下乙状窦后-内听道上入路显微手术治疗的8例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料,并对手术方法进行分析。结果肿瘤全切除6例,次全切除2例。术后新增脑神经损害2例,无手术死亡病例。结论枕下乙状窦后-内听道上入路是切除主体位于后颅窝、同时累及中颅窝的岩斜区脑膜瘤的安全有效的改良入路,娴熟的显微神经外科技术,熟练掌握入路的显微解剖可获得满意的手术疗效,有利于提高肿瘤切除率和疗效。     

经枕下-乙状窦后入路显微手术切除大型听神经瘤

目的 探讨手术切除大型听神经瘤（LAN）的最佳入径。方法 对术前经CT或MRI证实,且肿瘤位于桥脑小脑角区,直径≥31mm的216例LAN患者,采用枕下-乙状窦后入路显微手术肿瘤切除术;术后评估治疗效果。分析比较术前、后的听神经和面神经功能。结果 肿瘤全切除率79.6%(172例）;次全切除率15.3%(33例）;部分切除率5.1%(11例）;术后病死率1.4%(3例）。听神经解剖保留率为12.5%(27例）。出院时功能保留率为4.2%(A级,9例）;面神经解剖保留率为82.4%（178例）,出院时功能保留率为52.8%(House分级,Ⅰ-Ⅱ级94例）。对187例患者平均随访3.9年,其中128例（68.4%)恢复良好。44例（23.5%)恢复一般,15例（8.0%)恢复较差。在恢复较差患者中有10例（5.4%)肿瘤复发（再次手术治愈）。结论 经枕下-乙状窦后入路显微手术切除大型听神经瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的:通过对2 0例小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤显微外科治疗的分析,探讨小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗方法。方法:总结2 0例小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征及显微手术方法和术后处理,肿瘤的体积从3×3×3cm到5×6×7cm。结果:肿瘤切除程度按Simpson分级:Ⅰ、Ⅱ级(根治性全切除) 13例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级1例。本组术后无死亡,术后脑积水行V -P分流1例,一过性象限盲1例。随访2～6年,无复发。结论:枕下幕上入路及幕下小脑上入路是小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤最常采用的手术入路,该入路对小脑幕切迹区域暴露充分,距离近,手术并发症少。手术者良好的显微外科技术、经验和对小脑幕切迹区域显微解剖的了解,是成功切除该区域肿瘤的关键。     

神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗脑桥小脑角病变

目的探索神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗脑桥小脑角病变的实用性及其优势。方法对38例脑桥小脑角病变采取乙状窦后入路神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗。结果10例听神经瘤全切并面神经保留，22例胆脂瘤及1例脑膜瘤全切除，5例三义神经痛术后发作性疼痛消失。无术后并发症及死亡。结论经乙状窦后入路神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗脑桥小脑角病变，有利于提高手术疗效，降低手术危险性。     

Microsurgical excision of the large or giant cerebellopontine angle meningioma.

OBJECTIVE: The object of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effects of microsurgical excision in cases with the large or giant cerebellopontine angle meningioma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the 56 patients who suffered from the large or giant cerebellopontine angle meningioma and underwent the microsurgical therapy, for which the suboccipital-retrosigmoidal approach was adopted in 38 cases, the temporal-occipital craniotomy, presigmoidal approach in 6 cases, the temporal-occipital craniotomy, inferotemporal tentorium cerebelli approach in 8 cases, and the temporal-occipital craniotomy, supratentorial or infratentorial allied approach in 4 cases. RESULTS: The tumors of 44 cases were all resected (Simpson I, II), with a total resection rate of 78.6%, and there was no operative mortality. After surgery, symptoms improved in 40 cases and remained unchanged in 10 cases. Among 54 cases, recrudescence was seen in 2 cases (3.7%) and being able to take care of themselves in 50 cases (92.6%) at 6 months through 6 years follow-up after surgery. CONCLUSION: A rationally selected surgical approach, a microscopic technology applied in the operation to appropriately treat and protect vein, nerve and brain stem, which can ideally excise the tumors, together can increase the survival ability of patients.     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的总结内镜辅助下经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术效果。方法13例鞍结节脑膜瘤采用眶上锁孔入路,先在显微镜直视下切除部分肿瘤,再在内镜辅助下切除残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除12例（SimpsonⅠ级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除10例）,次全切除1例（SimpsonⅢ级切除）。11例术后随访3个月～6年,平均2.3年,〈1年恢复正常工作和生活9例,术后2年肿瘤复发1例,1年后恢复生活自理1例。结论内镜辅助下眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤克服了显微镜直视下的盲区,并发症少,创伤小,效果满意。     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术效果及手术技巧。方法采用内镜辅助、眶上锁孔入路（显微手术）治疗12例巨大（≥7cm）嗅沟脑膜瘤。结果肿瘤全切除9例（SimpsonⅠ级切除5例，Ⅱ级切除4例），次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级切除）3例。无手术死亡。10例随访3个月～2年，平均14个月。9例恢复正常生活，1例生活能自理。NRI随访9例，肿瘤无复发。结论利用神经内镜辅助及显微外科技术，采用眶上锁孔入路、对肿瘤进行分块切除治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤，手术创伤小，疗效满意。     

Combined transtemporal access for large (>3 cm) meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle

OBJECTIVES: Large meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle present a formidable surgical challenge due to tumor vascularity, neural attachment, and brain stem compression. The purpose of this paper is to present our use of the combined transtemporal approach in the surgical treatment of 29 large meningiomas. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-nine patients with large meningiomas of the CPA were surgically treated through a combined retrosigmoid-transpetrosal-transcochlear approach at our tertiary care academic medical center from July 1995 through July 2004. Data was collected from a retrospective medical records review. RESULTS: Total tumor removal was achieved in 19 of 29 (67%) of the patients and the facial nerve was anatomically preserved in 26 of 29 (89%) of the cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was seen in 3.5% of the patients and additional transient cranial nerve deficits were noted in 14% of the cases, but no significant neurologic sequelae occurred. Of the 10 patients with residual tumor, 6 have been stable without growth, 2 were treated with reoperation for regrowth of disease, and 2 were controlled with localized radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This combined lateral transtemporal approach provided wide exposure to the cerebellopontine angle and optimized the surgical extirpation of 29 large meningiomas presented in this series. EBM RATING: C-4.     

桥小脑角区肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨桥小脑角区肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗方式、方法及预后分析.方法 回顾性分析65例桥小脑角区肿瘤显微外科手术方式、方法及预后.结果 本组肿瘤全切除58例,面神经解剖保留51例,随访1～3 a,面瘫恢复30例,部分恢复8例,无肿瘤复发.结论 娴熟的显微镜下手术技巧及熟熟练掌握相关解剖知识,在切除肿瘤的同时,能最大限度...     

Cerebellopontine angle meningiomas. Clinical features and surgical treatment

AIM: The aim of this study is to present the clinical picture of patients with cerebellopontine angle meningiomas and analyze the results of their operative treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with cerebellopontine angle meningiomas operated consecutively in our department over an 11-year period has been carried out. Data regarding their clinical features, surgical treatment, morbidity, mortality and outcome have been analyzed. Forty-four patients with cerebellopontine angle meningiomas were operated during the period 1991-2001 (intervention: tumor removal via the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach). Main outcome measures: clinical condition, MRI/ CT imaging. RESULTS: The median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 44.5 months. The most frequent initial complaints were hearing loss, tinnitus and headache. Most frequent symptoms and signs at presentation were cerebellar, followed by hearing loss and trigeminal nerve symptoms. In 98% of the cases the operative approach used was the retrosigmoidal suboccipital. Total tumor removal was achieved in 55%. After total tumor removal no recurrences have been observed. The mortality rate was 2%. CONCLUSION: The application of different classification schemes complicates the comparison between published series. The outcome depends on their location, consistency, size and relation to the surrounding neurovascular structures. In our experience the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach is most appropriate for their surgical treatment. It offers the possibility to remove completely even large meningiomas and avoids the risk of recurrences.     

Olfactory groove meningiomas: a retrospective study on 59 surgical cases

We report here a retrospective study of 59 consecutive patients with olfactory groove meningiomas admitted and operated on between 1991 and 2008. Our goal was to characterize clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcome of these lesions. The surgical resection grade, the histological type and the presence of recurrences in the follow-up period were analyzed. Maximum tumor diameter determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations was between 2 and 11?cm. In 38 surgical procedures (64.4%), the tumor was removed through a bilateral subfrontal approach, in 12 (20.3%) a unilateral subfrontal approach was used, and in nine procedures (15.3%) a pterional approach was performed. The average age at presentation was 52?years (age: 20-76?years) and the sex ratio was 1.45:1 (females/males). According to Simpson's grading system, the degree of tumor removal was: grade I in 14 cases (23.8%), grade II in 38 cases (64.4%), grade III in four cases (6.8%) and grade IV in three cases (5%). Fifty-six patients had benign meningiomas (94.9%) and three patients had atypical meningiomas (5.1%). Two patients (3.4%) died from pulmonary embolism and bronchopneumonia. There were recurrences in six patients (10.1%), between 9?months and 12?years (mean 7.2?years) after surgery. The olfactory groove is a relatively frequent location for intracranial meningiomas, accounting for 9.1% of all intracranial meningiomas in our experience. Olfactory groove meningiomas tend to be clinically silent tumors until they are very large when symptoms or other abnormalities become evident. A surgical procedure adapted to the size and the extension of the tumor combined with microsurgical techniques allows total meningioma removal with good neurological outcome.     

Clinicopathological study of meningiomas of the tentorium and its surrounding structures

We report the clinical features, radiological studies, operative procedures and results, and follow-up data in 29 patients with meningiomas of the tentorium and its surrounding structures. The cases represented 22.5% of all the intracranial meningiomas operated on in a 15 year period and were divided into three groups, depending on their main attachments, tentorial, cerebellopontine angle (dorsal aspect of the petrous ridge) and others. Tumor size was generally large and 13 cases were larger than 5 cm. The most common tumor site was along or near the superior petrosal sinus and transverse-sigmoid junction in cases involving the tentorium, and medial to the porus acousticus in cases involving the cerebellopontine angle. Different operative approaches to these tumors were carried out, depending on their location. The tumors in the lateral or medial petrous ridge were approached mainly with a suboccipital craniectomy using a retromastoid incision. Total removal was carried out in 80% of the tentorial cases, in 46.2% of cerebellopontine angle cases, and in the 83.3% in the others. Total operative mortality rate was zero. Follow-up periods ranged up to 5 years 5 months in the tentorial cases, 4 years 6 months in cerebellopontine angle cases, and 7 years 1 month in the others. Long-term results were good in 21 cases (72.4%), fair in 3 cases (10.3%) and poor in 2 (6.9%). Three patients died due to tumor recurrence. One of them suffered lung metastasis, and two of them suffered extensive local recurrences. We recommend the retromastoid approach combined with the petrosal approach, if the CPA tumor is large enough and extends to the retroclival region.     

Olfactory groove meningiomas

We report here a retrospective study of 59 consecutive patients with olfactory groove meningiomas admitted and operated on between 1991 and 2008. Our goal was to characterize clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcome of these lesions. The surgical resection grade, the histological type and the presence of recurrences in the follow-up period were analyzed. Maximum tumor diameter determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations was between 2 and 11 cm. In 38 surgical procedures (64.4%), the tumor was removed through a bilateral subfrontal approach, in 12 (20.3%) a unilateral subfrontal approach was used, and in nine procedures (15.3%) a pterional approach was performed. The average age at presentation was 52 years (age: 20–76 years) and the sex ratio was 1.45:1 (females/males). According to Simpson's grading system, the degree of tumor removal was: grade I in 14 cases (23.8%), grade II in 38 cases (64.4%), grade III in four cases (6.8%) and grade IV in three cases (5%). Fifty-six patients had benign meningiomas (94.9%) and three patients had atypical meningiomas (5.1%). Two patients (3.4%) died from pulmonary embolism and bronchopneumonia. There were recurrences in six patients (10.1%), between 9 months and 12 years (mean 7.2 years) after surgery. The olfactory groove is a relatively frequent location for intracranial meningiomas, accounting for 9.1% of all intracranial meningiomas in our experience. Olfactory groove meningiomas tend to be clinically silent tumors until they are very large when symptoms or other abnormalities become evident. A surgical procedure adapted to the size and the extension of the tumor combined with microsurgical techniques allows total meningioma removal with good neurological outcome.