消痔栓的急性毒性实验研究

目的：观察消痔栓的急性毒性，测定其半数致死量。方法：简化机率法。结果：测得消痔栓灌胃给药的半数致死量(LD50)为1137．22mg／kg。LD50可信限为870．96～1479．11mg／kg。平均可信限率为26．74％。结论：消痔栓的半教致死量为有效量的8倍，因而其用药安全性是可靠的。     

PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球急性毒性实验

目的 了解PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球和奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药的急性毒性.方法 采用Bliss法分别测定PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球和奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药对动物的半数致死量(LD50).结果 PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球小鼠皮下给药时的LD50为660.90 mg/kg,奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药时的LD50为15.24 mg/kg,相差达43.37倍.结论 PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球能够显著降低药物对动物的急性毒性.     

蕲蛇粗毒的经口急性毒性实验

目的:研究蕲蛇粗毒口服给药对小鼠的急性毒性作用,为评价其安全性提供实验依据.方法:采用Bliss法对小鼠进行经口急性毒性实验,计算半数致死量(LD50).结果:蕲蛇粗毒对小鼠灌胃给药的半数致死量(LD5o)为0.5g/kg,95％的可信限为0.5-0.6g/kg.结论:在实验剂量下,蕲蛇粗毒口服安全.     

倍他福林对小鼠的急性毒性试验

目的：观察倍他福林（Betaphrine）一次性灌胃和尾静脉注射给药对小鼠的急性毒性反应和死亡情况。方法：对昆明系小鼠进行一次性灌胃（ig）和尾静脉注射（iv）给药，连续观察14d。结果：小鼠一次性ig的半数致死量（Median lethal dose, LD50）为893.61（775.43-1029.74）mg/kg，最大耐受量（Maximal tolerance dose, MTD）为524.29mg/kg,iv的LD50为195.58（179.76-212.79）mg/kg,MTD为130.50mg/kg。结论：倍他福林对小鼠的急性毒性作用较低。     

序贯法测定原位凝胶材料OALA的LD50

目的：测定小鼠静脉注射给予原位凝胶材料OALA的半数致死量（LD50）,从而对该材料的生物毒性进行评价。方法：采用KM种雄性小鼠,运用急性毒性实验中的序贯法分别测定原位凝胶材料OALA不同浓度相同给药体积和相同浓度不同给药体积的LD50。结果：根据实验方法提供的计算公式得出不同浓度相同给药体积的LD50=（7．53±0．576）mg／mL（给药体积为0．4mL／20g体重,相当于150．6mg/kg）,相同浓度下不同给药体积的LD50=（0．31±0．113）mL（浓度为7．53mg／mL,相当于116．7mg／kg）;组织病理学检查显示死亡动物肺脏各级静脉中OALA凝胶材料广泛分布,导致血管阻塞。结论：OALA静脉注射KM小鼠。不同浓度相同给药体积的LD50为150．6mg／kg,相同浓度不同给药体积的LD50为116．7mg／kg。其死亡原因主要是弥散性肺栓塞。     

穿山龙总皂苷对小鼠的急性毒性实验

目的:观察穿山龙总皂苷对小鼠的急性毒性作用。方法:采用灌胃和皮下注射的方法,一次性给药后连续观察7天,检测药物对小鼠的急性毒性作用。结果:未测得小鼠灌胃给予穿山龙总皂苷的半数致死量(Median lethal dose,LD50),灌胃给药小鼠的最大耐受剂量(Maximumto lerated dose,MTD)为0.42g/kg/d,最大耐受量倍数为1355倍。小鼠皮下注射穿山龙总皂苷的LD50为0.17g/kg。结论:穿山龙总皂苷口服给药较为安全。     

氯胺酮对利多卡因半数致死量的影响

目的 观察氯胺酮对局麻药利多卡因半数致死量(LD50)的影响.方法 小鼠分为氯胺酮组和生理盐水组,每组15只,分别预先腹腔注射10mg/kg的氯胺酮或等容积的生理盐水,5min后腹腔注射等比浓度的利多卡因,用序贯法测2组的LD50.结果 氯胺酮组利多卡因LD50为147.6 mg/kg,小于生理盐水组的247.9mg/kg(P＜0.05).结论 预先腹腔注射氯胺酮可增加利多卡因的毒性.     

丁香挥发油对小鼠的半数致死量测定

目的:研究丁香挥发油对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。方法:给小鼠一次性灌胃,观察7天内小鼠的毒性反应和死亡情况,以小鼠急性死亡率为指标,求丁香对小鼠LD50和LD50的95%的可信限。结果:丁香挥发油的LD50为5.5233g挥发油/kg(相当于原生药材的LD50为43.5935g生药/kg)。结论:丁香具有一定的毒性,在进行药用开发时应考虑其安全性。     

创新抗肿瘤药物A111P小鼠急性毒性研究

目的研究创新抗肿瘤药物A111P小鼠急性毒性情况,为新药研发提供依据。方法选用昆明小鼠为研究对象,采用上下法和半数致死量法考察创新抗肿瘤药物A111P的急性毒性情况。结果 A111P小鼠腹腔注射给药,上下法估算半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD_(50))为327.3 mg/kg,95%CI为175~550 mg/kg;半数致死量法表明LD_(50)为245.875 mg/kg,95%CI为201.854～308.474 mg/kg。结论创新抗肿瘤药物A111P安全性较好,安全范围较大,具有较好的应用前景。     

核桃楸皮甲醇提取物的急性毒理研究

目的测定中药核桃楸皮甲醇提取物小鼠半数致死量（LD50）。方法40只小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只,雌雄各半,以最大浓度最大容量灌胃给药,24 h内给药,观察7 d内小鼠的毒性反应及死亡情况,记录各组小鼠症状,以小鼠死亡率为指标,计算其LD50。结果核桃楸皮甲醇提取物的LD50为2.622 mg/kg,其95%可信范围为1.811 mg/kg≤LD50≤5.433 mg/kg。结论核桃楸皮甲醇提取物有明显的急性毒理反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.