微量法测定肉桂醛、柠檬醛体外抗深部真菌活性

目的：测定中药活性成分肉桂醛、柠檬醛抗深部真菌活性。方法：采用美国国家临床试验标准委员会(NCCLS)推荐的M27-A方案测定肉桂醛、柠檬醛对2株白念珠菌、1株新生隐球菌、2株曲霉菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC)。结果：肉桂醛、柠檬醛对5株深部真菌的MIC值范围分别为0．014～0．055μg／ml、0．162～1．295μg／ml。结论：微量液基稀释法方法简便，结果较可靠，可用于某些中药的抗真菌药敏试验。     

肉桂醛和柠檬醛对烟曲霉细胞膜中麦角甾醇生物合成的影响

目的研究肉桂醛、柠檬醛对烟曲霉中麦角甾醇生物合成的影响。方法将烟曲霉接种在含有不同质量浓度药物的蔡氏固体培养基中,同时设不加药物为空白对照,置26.5℃恒温培养5 d,刮取平皿上菌苔,称质量、皂化、提取烟曲霉菌中的难皂化脂,高效液相色谱法测定其中的麦角甾醇。结果柠檬醛质量浓度为0.11μg/mL、肉桂醛质量浓度为0.16μg/mL作用于烟曲霉后,麦角甾醇的质量分数显著降低。结论肉桂醛和柠檬醛影响了烟曲霉中麦角甾醇的生物合成。     

新型2,5-二取代-1,3,4-二唑化合物的设计、合成及抗真菌活性

目的 研究新型2,5-二取代1,3,4-(噁)二唑化合物的体外抗真菌活性.方法 设计合成了16个新型2,5-二取代-1,3,4-(噁)二唑化合物,所得化合物都经过1HNMR、LC-MS确证;选择6种真菌为实验菌株,进行体外抗真菌活性测试.结果 所合成的目标化合物对除熏烟曲霉菌外的所有菌株(白假丝酵母菌、新生隐球菌、热带假丝酵母菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌、红色毛癣菌)均具有一定的体外抗真菌活性,其中化合物14、17、18对白假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌的MIC80值均为0.25 μg/ml,与氟康唑(0.25 μg/ml)相当;化合物14、17对红色毛癣菌的MIC80值为0.25 μg/ml,是氟康唑(0.5 μg/ml)的2倍,与酮康唑相当.结论 利用1∶3偶极加成反应可在1,3,4-(噁)二唑化合物的5-位引入1,2,3-三唑取代基.初步体外活性显示,所合成的目标化合物对除熏烟曲霉菌外的所有菌株均具有一定的体外抗真菌活性.1,3,4-(噁)二唑2位苯环上连有取代基对化合物的活性影响较大.     

国产盐酸加替沙星对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的评价国产盐酸加替沙星 (gatifloxacin)与司帕沙星 (sparfloxacin)对临床分离株的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度 (minimuminhibitoryconcentration ,MIC)。结果盐酸加替沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、不动杆菌、变形杆菌和产气肠杆菌有良好的抗菌活性 ,MIC50 均≤ 0 .0 91 2 μg/ml;其它敏感细菌依次分别为金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .1 4 9μg/ml)、表皮葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .8μg/ml)、铜绿假单胞菌 (MIC50 1 .4 5 2 μg/ml)、阴沟肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 .796 μg/ml)、粪肠球菌 (MIC50 6 .4 μg/ml)、大肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 5 .0 4 6 μg/ml)和枸橼酸杆菌(MIC50 2 9.788μg/ml)。盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株的抑菌作用均相当或高于阳性对照药司帕沙星 ,其中对大肠杆菌高 6倍 ,对表皮葡萄球菌高 3.4倍 ,对肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌高 1倍。结论盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株有着较高的抗菌活性 ,为广谱抗菌药 ,在体外的抗菌作用优于或相当于司帕沙星 ,尤其是对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌明显优于司帕沙星     

肉桂醛对烟曲霉菌体外生物膜的影响

目的：探讨肉桂醛对烟曲霉菌生物膜（BF）的体外作用。方法体外建立烟曲霉菌BF ;采用2倍稀释法测定肉桂醛的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;结晶紫法评价不同浓度的肉桂醛对烟曲霉菌BF的影响;扫描电镜观察BF的形态学变化。结果烟曲霉菌可在体外形成生物膜;肉桂醛对受试烟曲霉菌的 M IC为256μg／m L ;在1 M IC、1／2 M IC、1／4 M IC 时,生物膜量分别为0．81±0．11、1．13±0．18和1．59±0．11,与阳性对照组（2．18±0．15）相比,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;电镜下可见肉桂醛作用后生物膜结构变稀疏松散。结论肉桂醛对烟曲霉菌具有抗菌活性,亚抑菌浓度的肉桂醛对生物膜具有一定的破坏作用,其中浓度越高作用越强。     

曲霉菌临床分离株的分子鉴定及体外抗真菌药物敏感性分析

目的 研究曲霉菌临床分离株的分子鉴定及体外抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法 采用Internal Transcribed Spacer（ITS）及β-tubulin基因部分测序对临床分离的53株经形态学鉴定为曲霉的菌株进行分子鉴定,并按照美国临床实验室标准化协会（CLSI）推荐的M38-A2微量液基稀释法测定唑类（伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑）,两性霉素B和棘白菌素类（米卡芬净、阿尼芬净和卡泊芬净）共7种抗真菌药物对所有菌株的最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC）或最低有效浓度（minimum effective concentration, MEC）。结果 53株曲霉菌包含烟曲霉复合体22株（烟曲霉21株和仑图卢斯曲霉1株）,黑曲霉复合体23株（塔宾曲霉16株、黑曲霉5株和百岁兰曲霉2株）及土曲霉和黄曲霉各4株;米卡芬净、阿尼芬净、卡泊芬净、泊沙康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B对曲霉菌株的MIC90为0.031、0.031、0.25、0.5、0.5、1、2μg/mL。除1株烟曲霉对伊曲康唑（MIC≥16μg/mL）和伏立康唑（MIC为2μg/mL）耐药及1株仑图卢斯曲霉对两性霉素B耐药（MIC为8μg/mL）外,其余菌株对7种药物均敏感。4种曲霉复合体对7种抗真菌药物的敏感性差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 棘白菌素类药物体外抗曲霉菌活性最好,两性霉素B体外抗曲霉菌活性相对较差,唑类药物介于以上两者之间。不同种曲霉菌对不同抗真菌药物的敏感性存在差别。     

条纹拟海牛中提取的四种新活性成分的抗真菌作用

目的：研究从条纹拟海牛中提取的4种羊毛甾烷型三萜皂苷类新化合物的体外抗真菌活性。方法 采用微量液基础释法研究从条纹拟海牛中提取的4种新活性成分对7种临床常见真菌的体外抗菌活性。结果：结果表明它们对7种实验真菌显示了不同的抗菌活性，尤其对白色念珠菌较有较强的抗菌活性，MIC80值为16μg/ml，对热带念珠菌也显示了较强的抗菌活性，MIC80值均为32μg/ml；同时4种化合物对红色毛癣菌，申克孢子丝菌，烟曲霉菌也显示了抗菌活性，其中对红色毛癣菌活性较强。结论：与现有抗真菌药化学结构不同的4种新化合物均具有较强的抗真菌活性。     

8种氟喹诺酮药物体外抗淋球菌的活性研究

目的　为了解淋球菌对氟喹诺酮的耐药状况 ,指导临床合理用药及开发新一代氟喹诺酮药物提供实验依据。方法　临床标本分离的 80株淋病流行株 ,采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌对 8种氟喹诺酮药物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)及交叉耐药情况。结果　Y98- 11、Y98- 35、Y98- 36、Y98- 48对淋球菌均有很强活性 ,其MIC50均为 0 .0 16μg/ml,MIC90 均为 0 .0 62 5～ 0 .12 5μg/ml。而盐酸环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星存在不同程度耐药 ,其MIC50 分别为 1μg/ml、1μg/ml、0 .5μg/ml、0 .2 5μg/ml,其MIC90 分别为 4 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、2μg/ml、1μg/ml;且耐环丙沙星的淋球菌株 ,对氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星有显著性交叉耐药 ( χ2 =18.37、8.60、6.92 ,P <0 .0 5)。结论　近年来 ,对氟喹诺酮敏感性下降或耐药的淋球菌在我国已出现 ,并存在交叉耐药 ,应引起人们的高度重视 ,但新一代的氟喹诺酮药物仍具有较好的抗菌效果     

1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(N-正丁基-N-取代苄基氨基)-2-丙醇的合成及其抗真菌活性

目的:研究具有正丁基和取代苄基侧链结构的三唑醇类化合物的抗真菌活性。方法:设计并合成了14个1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4二氟苯基)-3-(N-正丁基-N-取代苄基氨基)-2-丙醇化合物,其结构都经过 1H NMR、IR和LC-MS确证。选择8种临床常见的真菌为实验菌株,进行体外抑菌活性测试。结果:体外抑菌测试结果表明,所有化合物对除熏烟曲霉菌外的所有菌株均有一定程度的抑制活性,对深部真菌的抑制活性明显优于浅部真菌。其中化合物6a、6d 和 6j 对石膏样小孢子菌的抑制活性(MIC80 0.015 6 μg/ml)是氟康唑的16倍;化合物6m和6n对白念珠菌的抑制活性(MIC80 0.003 9 μg/ml)是氟康唑的128倍,比其他对照药活性都高。结论:引入正丁基和取代苄基侧链的目标化合物都具有一定的抗真菌活性。     

白色念珠菌对五种抗真菌药物体外敏感性研究

目的了解白色念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性情况,为临床正确选择抗真菌药物和有效控制该菌引起的感染提供依据。方法采用美国国家临床实验标准委员会(NCCLS)推荐的微量肉汤稀释法,测定从临床标本中分离的102株白色念珠菌对五种抗真菌药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果酮康唑、氟胞嘧啶和伊曲康唑对102株白色念珠菌MIC较低,其MIC90分别为0.25μg/ml、0.5μg/ml和0.5μg/ml。两性霉素B和氟康唑MIC90分别为2μg/ml和8μg/ml。受试菌对氟胞嘧啶敏感率最高为100%,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的敏感率分别为88.3%和75.5%。对氟康唑耐药的9株菌株也同时对伊曲康唑耐药。结论受试白色念珠菌对氟胞嘧啶敏感率最高,未发现耐药菌株;酮康唑对受试菌抗菌活性最强,对唑类药物存在耐药性,且该类药物之间存在交叉耐药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.