附着体义齿修复近中倾斜30°基牙的牙周组织应力分析

目的研究两种附着体义齿（栓道附着体义齿和套筒冠固定义齿）修复下颌第一磨牙缺失伴下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜30°的基牙的牙周组织应力分布。方法在已经建立的下颌第一磨牙缺失伴下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜30°修复前及两种附着体义齿修复后的三维有限元模型上,将200N垂直负荷和斜向负荷分别模拟加载于下颌第二磨牙,计算分析基牙牙周组织的应力情况。结果在下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜30°时,两种附着体义齿修复后倾斜基牙应力主要集中在其颈部牙槽骨或根分叉区。斜向加载下,栓道附着体义齿修复后倾斜基牙牙周组织应力小于套筒冠义齿修复。斜向加载下,下颌第二前磨牙和第二磨牙牙周组织应力远远大于垂直加载。结论在下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜30°时,栓道附着体义齿修复在改善倾斜基牙牙周组织应力方面更优于套筒冠义齿修复。斜向加载时,下颌第二前磨牙和第二磨牙牙周组织中产生较大的应力集中。     

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摘要：目的 探讨斜向载荷下采用不同基牙数目时下颌后牙双侧游离缺损冠外附着体义齿支持组织的应力分布情况。方法 2005年选取一成年健康男性志愿者的头部CT（取下颌牙槽骨部分）和离体尖牙、第一双尖牙、第二双尖牙、第一磨牙、第二磨牙的CT扫描图片。建立下颌KennedyⅠ类牙列缺损冠外附着体义齿修复的三维有限元模型,分析在斜向载荷作用下采用不同基牙数目时,基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙槽嵴的Von Mises应力分布。结果 斜向载荷下,末端基牙牙周膜应力集中区主要位于颊舌侧的牙颈部,随着基牙数目的增加,基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙嵴的最大应力值都呈下降趋势,基牙由1颗增加至2颗时,应力明显下降,当基牙增加至3颗时,应力的下降量明显减少。结论 在下颌游离缺损修复中,斜向载荷下冠外附着体义齿支持组织应力的减少与基牙数目的增加不完全成比例,在临床上应根据具体的情况确定联合基牙的数目。     

栓体栓道式附着体在下颌倾斜基牙固定修复中的应用

目的研究栓体栓道式附着体在下颌倾斜基牙固定修复中的临床应用效果。方法对20例下颌第二前磨牙或第一磨牙缺失,两端基牙牙体牙髓牙周组织正常,且向缺牙区倾斜,通过常规的牙体预备两基牙不能获得共同就位道的病例,利用栓体栓道式附着体进行固定修复。结果经过3年的随访观察,有2例患者固定桥栓体栓道连接部位出现松动,但修复体的咀嚼功能良好,无一例患者出现固位体的松动,基牙无松动,无牙髓牙周以及根尖周炎症。结论栓体栓道式附着体在下颌倾斜基牙固定修复中的应用效果较好。     

下颌KennedyⅡ类牙列缺损冠外附着体义齿的三维有限元分析——基牙数目对支持组织应力分布的影响

目的：探讨不同基牙数目下,下颌单侧游离端缺损冠外附着体义齿修复支持组织的应力分布情况。方法：建立下颌KennedyⅡ类牙列缺损冠外附着体义齿修复的三维有限元模型,分析在垂直向和侧向载荷作用下采用不同基牙数目时,基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙槽嵴的Von Mises应力分布。结果：不同载荷方向,末端基牙均受到较大的非轴向应力,应力主要集中在牙颈部,缺牙区牙槽嵴的应力较大。单侧基牙数由1个增加到2个时,远中基牙牙周的应力略有减小,但当基牙数目从2个增加至3个时,垂直向和颊舌向加载时末端基牙牙周膜和牙槽骨的应力均有明显下降,但在舌颊向加载时,第二前磨牙各部位的应力没有明显下降,部分牙颈部的应力反而有所增加。结论：在下颌单侧游离端缺损修复中,冠外附着体义齿支持组织应力的减小与基牙数目的增加不完全成比例,在临床上应根据具体情况确定联合基牙的数目。     

下颌KennedyⅡ类牙列缺损冠外附着体义齿基牙牙周状况对支持组织应力分布的影响

目的探讨不同基牙牙周状况下,下颌后牙单侧游离缺损冠外附着体义齿支持组织的应力分布情况。方法建立下颌KennedyⅡ类牙列缺损冠外附着体义齿修复时基牙牙周健康和基牙牙周吸收的三维有限元模型,分析垂直载荷下基牙牙周状况不同时,基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙槽嵴的von Mises应力分布。结果基牙数目相同的条件下,与牙周健康的模型相比,牙周吸收的模型第二前磨牙的最大应力升高了约30%,牙周最大应力升高了约10%,缺牙区牙嵴的最大应力升高了36%和14%。对于牙周吸收的模型,基牙数目从两颗增加到三颗时,义齿支持组织的应力值无明显降低。结论在下颌单侧游离缺损修复中,末端基牙牙周部分吸收1/3即可导致基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙嵴的应力明显增加,增加基牙数目并不能有效地降低义齿支持组织的最大应力值。     

固定修复后倾斜基牙角度对牙周受力影响的有限元分析

目的:分析第一磨牙缺失,采用双端固定桥修复,作为基牙的下颌第二磨牙倾斜不同角度时,基牙牙周膜等支持组织的应力分布情况,为临床修复提供理论依据。方法:采用三维激光扫描与Marc软件结合的方式,分别建立下颌第一磨牙缺失、下颌第二磨牙向近中倾斜时,行双端固定桥修复后的三维有限元模型,施加载荷计算并分析牙周膜支持组织中的应力分布状况。结果:当下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜24°时,其近中牙颈部牙周膜的应力值达到0°时的2倍,同时下颌第二前磨牙牙周膜受力也呈现上升趋势。结论:固定修复时,当牙齿倾斜达到或超过24°时,应慎重作为双端固定桥的基牙。     

下颌磨牙游离缺失套筒冠修复的基牙受载分析

目的研究下颌磨牙游离缺失采用第一，第二前磨牙为基牙的套筒冠修复，义齿受载时不同基牙的位移与应力分布特点。方法采用螺旋CT扫描，自编程序和ANSYS软件建立起精确的套筒冠三维有限元模型，在其上进行不同载荷的加载，分析不同基牙的位移与应力分布趋势。结果 套筒冠义齿在受情况下不同基牙的位移差别占其总位移的9%以下，应力均匀分布于不同基牙。结论套筒冠义齿中不同位置的基牙受载时共同下沉，承担着（牙合）力。     

不同基牙数目附着体义齿对支持组织应力分布的影响

目的探讨铰链式冠外附着体修复末端游离缺损时,不同基牙数目对支持组织应力分布的影响。方法以铰链式附着体为固位体,修复右下第二磨牙游离缺损,分别制作以第一磨牙为基牙的单基牙附着体义齿的三维光弹模型和以第一磨牙及第二前磨牙为基牙的双基牙附着体义齿的三维光弹模型。采用光弹性应力分析法,定性分析不同基牙数目时,该附着体义齿对基牙牙周支持组织应力分布的影响。结果附着体义齿在正中咬合情况下,单基牙时,在该附着体义齿的缺牙区牙槽骨内、基牙的远中根尖和近中根尖处,可见应力集中;双基牙时,得到的结果相似。结论用该附着体修复第二磨牙末端游离缺损时,在正中咬合情况下,基牙数目对支持组织的应力分布无明显影响,提示临床可采用单基牙;在正中咬合情况下,基牙与牙槽嵴黏膜应力分布均匀,提示该附着体适用于基牙条件稍差、而牙槽嵴黏膜条件较好的患者。     

种植体支持套筒冠覆盖义齿联合栓道附着体咬合重建的临床效果

目的 探讨以种植体支持套筒冠覆盖义齿联合栓道式附着体进行咬合重建的临床效果.方法 采用套筒冠覆盖义齿联合栓道式附着体对8例患者进行咬合重建,共植入32枚Ankylos种植体, 采用SynCone 4°或6°基台作为内冠,预成黄金冠作外冠,共制作16件修复体,修复后平均追踪22个月,进行临床和影像学检查作疗效评定.结果 8例患者下颌全部采用种植体支持套筒冠覆盖义齿修复,上颌采用固定联合栓道式附着体修复单侧或双侧游离端缺失.经临床效果评价8例全部为完全成功.结论 种植体支持套筒冠义齿联合栓道附着体咬合重建修复效果良好.     

不同基牙牙周状况下双侧游离缺损冠外附着体义齿的三维有限元分析

目的：探讨不同基牙牙周状况下,下颌后牙双侧游离缺损冠外附着体义齿支持组织的应力分布情况。方法：建赢下颌双侧67游离缺损冠外附着体义齿修复时基牙牙周健康和基牙牙周吸收的三维有限元模型,分析垂直载荷下基牙牙周状况不同时,基牙牙周组织及缺牙区牙槽嵴的VonMises应力分布。结果：与牙周健康的模型相比,当第二双尖牙牙周吸收1／3时,远中基牙牙周膜和牙槽骨的最大应力值均增加了两倍多;当第一和第二双尖牙牙周均吸收l／3时,远中基牙牙周膜和牙槽骨的最大应力值是基牙健康时的四到五倍。随着牙周吸收的基牙数目的增加,缺牙区牙嵴的最大应力值增加了47％。增加基牙数目可显著降低远中基牙的牙周组织和缺牙区牙嵴的应力,使义齿支持组织的应力分布更为均匀。结论：冠外附着体义齿修复下颌双侧后牙游离缺损时,若两侧只有第二双尖牙牙周吸收1／3时,修复设计时可考虑增加基牙数目,若第一和第二双尖牙牙周均有吸收则不建议再选作附着体义齿基牙。     

第三磨牙倾斜不同角度对下颌双端固定桥应力的影响

目的:下颌第一二磨牙缺失三基牙双端固定桥修复的条件下,分析近中倾斜不同角度的第三磨牙作为基牙后受力时修复体、牙体组织及牙周膜的应力分布情况,为临床修复提供理论依据.方法:在已建好的第一二磨牙缺失三基牙双端固定桥修复的三维有限元模型基础上,将第三磨牙近中倾斜0°、10°、20°、30°和40°,通过Ansys软件分析修复...     

Stress analysis of effects of nonrigid connectors on fixed partial dentures with pier abutments

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In some patients, the pattern of missing teeth may require the use of a fixed partial denture (FPD) with an intermediate pier abutment. Information is needed regarding the biomechanical behavior and the position of a nonrigid connector for this treatment option. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of finite element method (FEM), the effects of rigid and nonrigid design types on stress distribution for 5-unit FPDs with pier abutments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-dimensional cross-section FEM model (SAP 2000) simulating a 5-unit metal ceramic FPD with a pier abutment with rigid or nonrigid designs (connector location at the mesial region of the second molar, at the distal region of the second premolar, at the mesial region of the second premolar, and at the distal region of the canine) was developed. In the model, the canine, second premolar, and second molar served as abutments. A supporting periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (cortical and trabecular) were modeled. A 50-N static vertical occlusal load was applied on the cusp of each abutment to calculate the stress distributions. Three different types of load were evaluated: loading of all cusps to simulate maximum centric occlusion contacts, loading of the canine to simulate a single anterior contact, and loading of the second molar to simulate a posterior contact. RESULTS: The analysis of the von Mises stress values revealed that maximum stress concentrations were located at the load areas for all models. Also, for all models, the highest stress values were located at connectors and cervical regions of abutment teeth, especially at the pier abutment. CONCLUSIONS: The area of maximum stress concentration at the pier abutment was decreased by the use of a nonrigid connector at the distal region of the second premolar.     

Analysis of stress on a fixed partial denture with a blade-vent implant abutment.

Using a two-dimensional finite element method, a study was made that compared the behavior of a model mandibular posterior fixed partial denture constructed on the second premolar abutment and a blade-vent implant imbedded at the site of the second molar with the behavior of a fixed partial denture constructed on the second premolar and second molar abutments. The following were the results: 1. Deflections of the implant fixed partial denture were less than those of the natural tooth fixed partial denture in vertical and inclined loads. 2. Stress concentration was markedly found in the pontic and the mesial and distal parts of the premolar retainer in both restorations and the implant neck in the implant fixed partial denture. 3. In the implant fixed partial denture, stresses induced in the surrounding bone became higher around the posterior abutment and became lower around the premolar retainer than the stresses produced with the natural tooth fixed partial denture. 4. Therefore it was suggested that, to relieve stress to the surrounding bone around the implant abutment, occlusal forces loaded to the implant fixed partial denture have to be more concentrated on the premolar abutment than do forces loaded to the natural tooth fixed partial denture.     

The effect of preparation height and taper on cement lute stress: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Three dimensional finite element models of an upper second premolar and molar with full veneer gold crown preparations were developed from extracted samples. The cement lute width was kept constant at 40 microm, but the height and preparation taper were varied. For both models the preparation height was either 1.5 mm (short preparation) or 3 mm (long preparation). The preparation taper was either 10 degree or 30 degree, giving a total of eight models. Each model was loaded with a 10 N horizontal load, a 10 N vertical load or a 10 N load distributed across the occlusal surface. The maximum shear stress and the maximum Von Mises' stress in the cement lute of each model were recorded. For the premolar, the maximum shear stresses ranged from 0.3-5.43 MPa and the maximum Von Mises' stress ranged from 1.44-14.98 MPa. For the molar, the maximum shear stresses ranged from 0.15-5.22 MPa and the maximum Von Mises' stress ranged from 0.3 7-15.02 MPa. The stress fields were consistently higher in the premolar with a 30 degree preparation taper compared to the 10 degree taper. The attainment of a cavity taper of 100 is still important to minimise stress in the cement lute and is particularly important in teeth with a lower preparation surface area such as a premolar     

固定义齿倾斜基牙牙周应力分布的三维有限元研究

目的 :用三维有限元方法对近中倾斜的下颌第二磨牙单独受力及作为固定桥基牙后受力时牙周支持组织中的应力分布进行比较分析。方法 :采用薄层CT扫描技术和Ansys有限元分析软件建立下颌第一磨牙缺失、下颌第二磨牙近中倾斜 3 0°、行双端三单位固定桥修复前后的三维有限元模型 ,施加载荷计算并分析牙周支持组织中的应力分布状况。结果 :修复前 ,第二磨牙近中牙槽嵴顶、根尖处应力值较大 ,修复后 ,第二磨牙根周应力值减小 ,第二前磨牙颈部及根尖应力值增大 ,应力分布得到改善。结论 :在一定的倾斜角度内 ,从生物力学角度来评价固定修复有利于倾斜基牙的牙周健康。     

Effects of cantilever design and material on stress distribution in fixed partial dentures--a finite element analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the stress distribution in distal cantilevered fixed partial dentures (FPDs) that are designed with different cantilever morphology and made from different restorative materials. The finite element (FE) method was used to create models of two restoration types; metal-ceramic and an all-ceramic FPDs. Both models were designed with distal cantilevers involving the first and second premolars as abutments and cantilever extension involving at the premolar or molar. The width of connector between the cantilever and the primary abutment restoration was 2.25 mm. The load applied during the FE analysis was positioned at the cusp tips of all teeth. The FE analysis of the models revealed that Von Mises stress values with maximum stress concentrations were observed on connectors of distal cantilevers. Stress concentration sites were also observed at the distal cervical area of the second premolar tooth. Models with premolar cantilever extensions restored with all-ceramic induced lower Von Mises stress values than metal-ceramic restorations, however models with molar cantilever extensions restored with all-ceramic restorations induced higher Von Misses stress values than metal-ceramic restorations. If the distal cantilever length and restorative material is appropriately chosen, the failure frequency may be reduced. All ceramic can be used as restorative material, when the cantilevers length is not more than the mesiodistal dimension of a premolar tooth and metal-ceramic restorations can be used in longer situations.     

Stress distribution of abutments and base displacement with precision attachment- and telescopic crown-retained removable partial dentures

Five types of removable partial dentures (two attachment dentures, two telescopic dentures and one clasp denture) were designed. The two attachment dentures were retained by the rigid-precision attachments with or without a stabilizing arm, and the two telescope dentures were retained with cone telescope crowns with or without cross-arch stabilization. The stresses acting on abutment teeth and denture bases and the movements of denture bases were investigated, and the influences of denture design were clarified. The stress acting on a terminal abutment tooth retained by a rigid-precision attachment or cone telescopic crown was larger than that acting on a terminal abutment tooth retained by a clasp. The attachment dentures tended to concentrate more stress at the terminal abutment tooth than did the telescopic dentures. The stress of denture base of an attachment denture and a telescopic denture was less than that of a clasp denture. There was no difference between the stresses of attachment and telescopic dentures. The displacement of the denture base tended to be less when the denture was designed with a rigid connection for the retainer and with cross-arch stabilization.