破伤风类毒素聚乳酸微球的制备工艺研究

目的：研究破伤风类毒素聚乳酸微球（ＴＴ－ＭＳ的制备工艺及理化性质。方法：水／油水复乳溶剂挥发达制备微球,并测定粒径及包封率。结果：可制备包封率达９０％以上的微球,改变工艺条件,可在３０～３００μｍ范围内控制微球的粒径。结论;研究了微球制德工艺的影响因素,成功地制备了轩微球。     

正交法制备羧甲基壳聚糖－纳米银纳米微球

目的:制备以纳米银为模型药物的羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,探索载药纳米微球的制备条件对粒径、包封率的影响,确定最佳制备工艺。方法:三聚磷酸钠为交联剂,采用离子交联法制备载药纳米微球,测量药物的包封率及粒径。紫外分光光度法测定该制剂中纳米银释放情况。结果:通过正交实验设计,优化了制备工艺条件,其最佳条件是羧甲基壳聚糖浓度4.2 mg/mL,滴速为5 s/滴,纳米银投药量为20 mg（500 μL）。在此条件下进行实验,制备出的载药纳米微球的平均粒径为514.1 nm,多分散系数0.204,包封率61.67%。8 h内累计释放量达80%以上,方程拟合以一级动力学方程拟合效果最好。结论:该制备工艺简单、稳定,可制备出包封率高、粒径适宜的羧甲基壳聚糖-纳米银纳米微球。     

槐定碱白蛋白微球制备工艺研究

目的优选肺靶向槐定碱白蛋白微球的制备工艺。方法采用乳化固化法,以微球的包封率、粒径作为考察指标,系统观察法优化制备工艺条件。结果优化的工艺为:乳化加热固化法制备微球,槐定碱∶白蛋白为1∶10;1 500 r/m in搅拌、40℃下乳化10 m in,110℃加热固化。采用该制备工艺得到的微球粒子均匀圆整,平均粒径在20~30μm之间,包封率较高,平均为80.06%。结论该工艺稳定可行,可作为肺靶向槐定碱白蛋白微球生产工艺的参考。     

局部用环孢素聚乳酸微球的制备

目的:采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备环孢素聚乳酸微球,并对微球性状进行考察。方法:通过正交设计试验筛选其最佳制备工艺,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态。采用激光粒径分析仪对微球的平均粒径分布检测,并通过高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、体外释药性能进行了研究。结果:应用通过正交设计筛选后的制备工艺,所得到环孢素聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,平均粒径为18.234μm,粒径在9.525~32.400μm的占总数的80%以上。包封率为(86.12±0.77)%,载药量为(34.51±0.63)%。环孢素-聚乳酸微球的体外释药情况为30 d,累积释药量为40.8%,在释放前期释放速率较快,5 d后释放变得平稳。结论:可获得较满意的环孢素聚乳酸微球制备工艺,且微球具有明显的缓释性能。     

环丙沙星聚乳酸微球制备工艺的研究

目的:通过正交设计试验筛选出制备环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的最佳工艺.方法:用正交试验设计优化环丙沙星聚乳酸微球制备工艺,用电子显微镜观察微球表面形态,差示扫描热分析确证含药微球的形成,及对微球的平均粒径、粒度分布、载药量、包封率、工艺重现性进行了研究.结果:环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,且药物确已被包裹在微球中,微球的平均粒径为280.80±0.15μm,粒径在250～390μm左右的占总数的90%以上,载药量为(34.1±0.51)%,包封率为(68.5±0.58)%,最佳工艺条件重现性良好.结论:本研究获得了制备环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的较满意的工艺.     

正交设计优化吗啡明胶微球的制备工艺

目的通过正交设计筛选出吗啡明胶微球的最佳制备工艺。方法以微球粒径分布、载药量、包封率等为指标,采用正交设计法优化微球的制备工艺。结果微球形态良好,粒径符合要求,平均载药量为20．94％,包封率为86．27％,重现性良好。结论采用正交实验完成了吗啡明胶微球的制备工艺优化。     

阿奇霉素明胶微球制备工艺研究

目的对阿奇霉素明胶微球的制备工艺和包封率、粒径等特性进行初步研究。方法以生物降解材料明胶为载体,采用乳化聚合法制备阿奇霉素明胶微球,并采用正交试验优化制备工艺。结果所制备的阿奇霉素明胶微球外观圆整,平均粒径为58.34μm,载药量为20.11%,包封率为59.55%。结论所制备的阿奇霉素明胶微球重现性良好,粒径范围窄,载药量较高,制备工艺可行。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球制备及质量评价研究

目的:研究制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖葫芦素微球,并对其质量评价及体外释药进行研究。方法:采用滴制法制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球,采用显微观察评价微球的粒径、圆整度及形态学特征,并以葫芦素(CU)为评价指标测定微球的载药量、包封率及体外释药规律。结果:本研究制备的微球粒径均一,圆整度良好,包封率为78.72％,载药量为17.50％...     

促卵泡激素和干细胞因子缓释微球的制备

目的以乳酸-羟乙酸聚合物为载体材料,制备包含促卵泡激素和干细胞因子的长效缓释微球,并考察微球质量相关参数,探讨影响微球粒径和包封率的因素.方法使用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备微球,观察微球形态,计算微球粒径、回收率、包封率和载药量等相关参数.用不同分子量和浓度的乳酸-羟乙酸聚合物制备微球,观察微球粒径及包封率的变化.结果所得微球形态呈圆整规则的球形,粒径呈正态分布,主要分布在6~12μm范围内,再分散性好,促卵泡激素的包封率为85.5%,载药量为33.7 m IU/mg.干细胞因子的包封率为87.1%,载药量为4.6 ng/mg.PLGA分子量增加,微球粒径增加,PLGA浓度升高,微球粒径及包封率也升高.结论复乳-溶剂挥发法工艺简单,重现性好.所制促卵泡激素和干细胞因子微球粒径均匀,包封率高.     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠布洛芬缓释微球的制备工艺及性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质材料,制备布洛芬缓释微球. 方法 以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标.利用复凝聚法,通过L16(45)正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件. 结果 壳聚糖浓度4.0 mg/mL,搅拌速度600 r/min,反应温度30℃,体系pH 4.5,交联剂戊二醛用量1.5 mL为最佳工艺.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的布洛芬缓释微球.粒径(31.6±1.7)μm,药物包封率(64.6±2.2)%. 结论 微球球形态及稳定性较好,有良好的缓释效果.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.