抗阻训练结合舒筋活络洗剂熏洗治疗陈旧性踝关节内翻型扭伤临床疗效观察

目的探讨抗阻训练结合舒筋活络洗剂外洗治疗陈旧性踝关节内翻型扭伤的临床疗效。方法收集陈旧踝关节内翻型扭伤患者60例,按随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组给予抗阻训练结合舒筋活络洗剂外洗治疗,对照组单纯给予舒筋活络洗剂外洗。观察2组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国足踝骨科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分的变化,并比较2组患者的临床疗效。结果 (1)治疗6周后,两组的VAS疼痛评分均明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组的VAS疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)治疗6周后,治疗组的踝关节AOFAS评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗6周后,治疗组的临床总体疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抗阻训练结合舒筋活络洗剂外洗治疗陈旧性踝关节内翻型扭伤,具有散瘀消肿、缓解疼痛及促进踝关节功能恢复的作用,且操作简单,费用较低,患者易于接受,值得临床推广。     

驳骨油纱外敷结合弹性固定治疗急性腕关节扭挫伤的疗效观察

【目的】观察驳骨油纱外敷结合弹性固定治疗急性腕关节扭挫伤的疗效。【方法】将70例急性腕关节扭挫伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各35例。治疗组给予驳骨油纱外敷、维持弹力绷带制动治疗,对照组单纯给予弹性绷带包扎制动。观察2组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟法(VAS)评分、腕关节功能Cooney评分的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效。【结果】(1)治疗6 d后和治疗21 d后,治疗组的总体疗效及总有效率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗6 d后和治疗21 d后,2组患者的VAS疼痛评分均较治疗前降低(P0.05),其中治疗21 d后又均较治疗6 d后降低(P0.05),且治疗组的降低作用优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗6 d后和治疗21 d后,2组患者腕关节功能Cooney评分的疼痛、功能状况、活动范围、握力等4个维度评分均较治疗前改善(P0.05),其中治疗21 d后又均较治疗6 d后改善(P0.05),且治疗组的改善作用优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】驳骨油纱外敷结合弹性固定治疗急性腕关节扭挫伤效果显著,可有效缓解疼痛,改善腕关节功能,促进患者康复。     

中药熏洗结合功能康复训练对踝关节骨折术后功能康复的影响

目的：探讨中药活血止痛熏洗剂结合功能康复训练对踝关节骨折术后踝关节功能康复的影响。方法：回顾分析我院2011年1月至2012年1月收治的病历资料完整的踝关节骨折并行手术治疗的患者50例,依据术后治疗方式不同分为观察组与对照组各25例,观察组患者于术后15 d开始采用活血止痛熏洗剂结合功能康复训练以促进患者踝关节功能恢复,对照组术后单纯采用功能康复训练促进患者踝关节功能康复,对比两组患者治疗前、治疗后15、30、45 d VAS疼痛评分、AOFAS踝-后足评分、肿胀消退率等指标改善情况。结果：观察组患者治疗后各时间点VAS疼痛评分、AOFAS 踝-后足评分改善均较对照组更为显著,组间比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;两组患者治疗后15d AO-FAS 踝-后足评分比较无统计学差异（ P＞0．05）,治疗后第30、45天AOFAS踝-后足评分显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：活血止痛熏洗剂结合功能康复训练可有效改善踝关节骨折患者术后疼痛、肿胀及关节活动度,促进患者康复,对提高患者生活质量起积极意义。     

经筋恢刺法治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察经筋恢刺法治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤的临床疗效。【方法】将60例陈旧性踝关节扭伤患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例,观察组给予经筋结点恢刺法治疗,对照组给予传统针刺法治疗。治疗5 d为1个疗程,休息2 d进入下一个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程;若未达到2个疗程但已治愈者,则终止治疗。治疗后,评价2组患者的临床疗效,观察2组患者治疗前后美国矫形外科足踝协会踝-后足(AOFAS)评分及视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分的变化情况,比较2组患者接受治疗后的起效时间。【结果】(1)治疗后,2组患者的AOFAS评分明显改善(P0.05),且观察组在改善AOFAS评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患者的VAS评分明显改善(P0.05),且观察组在改善VAS评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)观察组总有效率为96.67%(29/30),对照组为86.67%(26/30)。观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)治疗后,观察组的起效时间为(2.17±1.05)d,对照组为(6.30±1.82)d,观察组的起效时间明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】经筋恢刺法治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤,能够明显地减轻患者肿胀、疼痛等临床症状,显著改善患者的关节活动度,临床疗效显著。     

尚元疏筋通络洗剂对Denis-Weber B型踝关节骨折术后康复治疗作用研究

【目的】研究尚元疏筋通络洗剂外洗结合功能锻炼对Denis-Weber B型踝关节骨折术后功能康复的治疗效果。【方法】将56例住院接受手术治疗的Denis-Weber B型踝关节骨折患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各28例。观察组患者术后给予尚元疏筋通络洗剂外洗结合功能锻炼治疗,对照组患者术后单纯给予功能锻炼。观察2组患者治疗前后踝关节背伸、跖屈活动度及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分的变化情况,并根据AOFAS评分评价疗效。【结果】(1)术后第1天,2组患者VAS疼痛评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第60天,2组患者VAS疼痛评分均较术后第1天明显降低(P0.05),且观察组对VAS评分的降低作用明显优于对照组(P0.05)。(2)术后2组患者踝关节主动活动度明显降低,术后第1天,2组患者踝关节背伸、跖屈活动度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。而术后第60天,2组患者踝关节背伸、跖屈活动度均较术后第1天明显提高(P0.05),且观察组对关节活动度的改善作用明显优于对照组(P0.05)。(3)术后第90天,观察组的AOFAS评分明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)根据AOFAS评分表评定疗效,观察组优良率为82.1%,对照组为53.6%;观察组的优良率和总体疗效均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)治疗期间,观察组患者均未出现皮肤过敏、药疹等不良反应。【结论】应用尚元疏筋通络洗剂外洗结合功能锻炼治疗Denis-Weber B型踝关节骨折术后患者,其疗效优于单纯功能锻炼,能有效缓解疼痛,恢复关节屈伸活动功能,改善患者生活质量,缩短康复时间,提高患者满意度。     

凉血化瘀法结合血肿回植对踝部骨折术后关节功能恢复的临床观察

【目的】探讨凉血化瘀法结合血肿回植对踝部骨折术后踝关节肿胀及功能恢复的影响。【方法】将120例踝部骨折患者随机分成3组,分别为血肿回植组、中药组和中药+血肿回植组,每组各40例。3组患者均采用常规切开复位内固定术治疗,血肿回植组术中给予骨折线处血肿回植治疗,中药组于术后第1天开始给予凉血化瘀中药口服治疗14 d,中药+血肿回植组在血肿回植的基础上给予凉血化瘀中药口服治疗14 d。观察3组患者术后第2天、2周、4周时疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、美国矫形足与踝关节协会(AOFAS)评分、踝部肿胀值及C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等的变化情况,并比较3组患者的不良反应发生情况。【结果】(1)术后2周和4周时,3组患者的VAS疼痛评分和踝部肿胀值均较术后第2天明显降低,患肢踝部AOFAS评分均较术后第2天明显提高(P 0.05),且中药组和中药+血肿回植组患者对VAS疼痛评分和踝部肿胀值的降低作用及对患肢踝部AOFAS评分的升高作用均明显优于血肿回植组(P 0.01或P 0.05),而中药组与中药+血肿回植组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。(2)术后2周和4周时,3组患者的CRP、血沉、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平均较术后第2天明显降低(P 0.05),且中药组和中药+血肿回植组对CRP、血沉、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平的降低作用均明显优于血肿回植组(P 0.01),而中药组与中药+血肿回植组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。(3)3组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。【结论】凉血化瘀中药可以通过降低踝部骨折部位血肿回植内固定术后的炎性反应,从而达到缓解术后疼痛、肿胀及促进踝部功能恢复的目的。     

艾灸阿是穴时长对急性踝关节扭伤患者韧带形态的影响

目的 观察艾灸阿是穴时长对急性踝关节扭伤（AAS）患者韧带形态的影响。方法 将我院80例AAS患者随机分为对照组与治疗组各40例。对照组采用短时间（20～30 min）艾灸阿是穴，治疗组采用长时间（1 h）艾灸阿是穴。治疗3 d，比较两组临床疗效，踝关节周径，距前韧带厚度，跟腓韧带厚度，疼痛数字评分法（NRS）评分，美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）踝-后足评分，疼痛、肿胀消失时间，踝关节活动度。结果治疗后，治疗组总有效率高于对照组（ P<0.05）；两组踝关节周径、距前韧带厚度、跟腓韧带厚度均小于治疗前，治疗组踝关节周径、距前韧带厚度、跟腓韧带厚度小于对照组（ P<0.05）；两组NRS评分低于治疗前，AOFAS踝-后足评分高于治疗前；NRS评分低于对照组，AOFAS踝-后足评分高于对照组（ P<0.05）；治疗组疼痛、肿胀消失时间短于对照组（ P<0.05）；两组踝关节活动度大于治疗前，治疗组踝关节活动度大于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 AAS患者采用长时间艾灸阿是穴治疗疗效优于短时间艾灸阿是穴，能显著缓解踝关节疼痛，促进功能恢复，恢复韧带结构，增加踝关...     

中医经筋理论指导下针刺触发点治疗急性踝关节扭伤的临床效果

目的 研究基于中医经筋理论指导下的针刺触发点治疗急性踝关节扭伤的临床效果。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年3月就诊于阳光100社区卫生服务中心的50例单侧急性踝关节扭伤患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和治疗组,各25例。对照组采用踝三针治疗,治疗组采用针刺触发点治疗。两组治疗均为隔一天治疗1次,共计5次,周期为10 d。比较两组治疗后临床效果及治疗前后视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、踝-后足功能评分、踝关节肿胀评分。结果 治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者踝关节VAS、肿胀评分均较治疗前降低,踝-后足功能评分均较治疗前升高,且治疗组踝关节疼痛VAS、肿胀评分低于对照组,踝-后足功能评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 采用针刺触发点治疗急性踝关节扭伤效果显著,能有效消除组织肿胀,改善踝关节活动功能。     

弃杖膏联合复元活血汤治疗急性踝关节扭伤患者的效果

目的：观察弃杖膏联合复元活血汤治疗急性踝关节扭伤患者的效果。方法：选取2020年1月至2021年5月该院收治的86例急性踝关节扭伤患者进行前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组各43例。对照组口服复元活血汤治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合外敷弃杖膏治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后踝关节功能[踝-后足评分量表（AOFAS）]评分、疼痛[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）]评分、肿胀评分,以及不良反应发生率。结果：研究组治疗总有效率为95.35%(41/43),高于对照组的81.40%(35/43),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组AOFAS评分均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,两组VAS评分和肿胀程度评分均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：弃杖膏联合复元活血汤治疗急性踝关节扭伤患者可提高治疗总有效率和踝关节功能评分,降低VAS评分和肿胀程度评分,效果优于单纯复元活血汤治疗。     

一期韧带修复联合拉力螺钉固定治疗踝关节不稳效果

目的探讨一期韧带修复联合拉力螺钉固定治疗急性踝关节外侧韧带扭伤所致踝关节不稳的临床效果。方法急性踝关节外侧韧带扭伤致踝关节不稳病人34例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组17例,观察组采用一期带线铆钉原位修补联合拉力螺钉固定治疗,对照组采用石膏或支具外固定治疗。随访3个月,比较两组疗效、美国矫形外科足踝协会踝与后足功能评分(AOFAS评分)及视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)。结果观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有显著性(uc=2.059,P<0.05)。观察组术后1、2、3个月AOFAS评分均高于对照组,VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有显著性(t=2.28~4.29,P<0.05)。术后观察组病人距骨倾斜角度及距骨前移距离与对照组相比均明显减少,差异有显著性(t=4.213、3.672,P<0.05)。结论一期韧带修复联合拉力螺钉固定治疗急性踝关节外侧韧带扭伤所致踝关节不稳临床效果较好,术后踝关节功能恢复较佳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.