2009～2011年济南市流感样病例哨点监测资料分析

[目的]了解济南市流感病毒流行规律及变异特点,为流感防控提供依据。[方法]对2009年8月至2011年3月济南市2所流感哨点医院监测资料和病原学检测资料进行分析。[结果]2009年8月至2011年3月2所哨点医院门诊累计报告流感样病例7 207例,占同期门诊就诊病人总数的2.45%。7 207例流感样病例中,0～4岁占34.23%;5～14岁占24.45%。检测1 766例流感样病例咽拭子标本,阳性460例,阳性检出率为26.05%。流感样病例阳性检出率,2月为36.80%,9月为33.07%,10月为34.50%,11月为38.07%。460例阳性者中,H1型占0.43%,H3型占29.13%,甲型H1N1型占41.52%,B型占28.91%。[结论]秋、冬、春季为济南市流感高发季节,冬季以甲型H1N1为主。     

流感样病例监测在甲型H1N1流感大流行中的早期预警效果分析

目的：目的：评价江苏省流感样病例流行特征的改变,在2009年甲H1N1流感大流行中的早期预警效果。方法：在全省范围内设置流感监测点,通过“中国流感监测信息系统”收集流感样病例（influenza--like illness,ILI）监测数据,采用控制图法设置预警线,同时分析地区、年龄分布差异。结果：周IL1％（流感样病例占门急诊就诊总数的比例）在本省甲型H1N1流感本土感染病例出现的后一周,同时也是本土聚集性病例疫情出现的前一周,即超过了预警线,并且流行期流感样病例的年龄分布表现为学龄儿童和青壮年构成比的大幅增加。结论：控制图法预警符合甲型H1N1流感在本省的实际流行特征,周IL1％的异常增高和流感样病例年龄分布的改变可作为流感大流行的早期预警信号。     

2016-2017年江阴市流感样病例病原谱特征分析

目的了解江阴市流感样病例(influenza like illness, ILI)病原谱的构成及流行特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采集2016-2017年江阴市流感监测哨点医院上报的流感样病例咽拭子标本及病例信息,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术对标本中的流感病毒、副流感病毒、常见冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、偏肺病毒、呼吸道腺病毒、肺炎衣原体及支原体进行检测,应用Epi Info对采集的数据进行统计分析。结果 2016-2017年全市累积报告ILI 64 305例,占就诊病人总数的百分比(ILI%)为9.20%,各年份ILI%差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),ILI%具有明显的季节性,且0～4岁组ILI报告例数最多。2016-2017监测年度内,2家监测哨点医院共采集咽拭子标本1059份,检出病原阳性率为38.62%,流感病毒为本地区的优势病原(阳性率23.98%),其次为呼吸道腺病毒(阳性率5.38%)和副流感病毒(阳性率2.46%)。5～14岁组病原学阳性率最高(53.57%),4月份为呼吸道病原感染高峰(67.06%)。结论江阴市ILI呼吸道病原种类多样,流感病毒...     

荆门市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学分析

我国自2009年5月11日报告首例甲型H1N1流感输入性病例后[1],广东省等先后报告输入性病例,荆门市在7月30日报告首例病例,以后各月均有病例报告,2009年共报告314例,现将其流行病学特点分析如下.     

2009年深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情分析

目的了解深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情流行特点。方法通过深圳市龙岗区流感监测网络,收集整理甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情资料;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术检测甲型H1N1流感病毒。结果 2009年共发生甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情62起,流感样病例811例,总罹患率为6.60%。疫情主要发生在9-11月（占88.71%）,学校累计报告57起,占91.94%。各起疫情平均报告时间为1～7d,中位数为3d。甲型H1N1流感疫情持续时间为2～23 d,中位数为7 d;季节性流感疫情持续时间为2～15d,中位数为4d;差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2009年流感疫情发生时共采样251份,其中阳性162份,阳性率为64.54%。结论深圳市龙岗区2009年甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情流行强度高于前三年季节性流感平均水平,9-11月是该区甲型H1N1流感样病例暴发疫情的高发季节,以局部暴发为主要特征,学校是高发场所。加强疾病监测,落实防控措施,积极开展健康教育,及早报告有利于疫情及时控制。     

济宁市2021年第一季度流感样病例病原谱特征分析

目的 了解济宁市2021年第一季度流感样病例中呼吸道病原体分布情况,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。方法 采集济宁市2021年第一季度208例流感样病例咽拭子标本,利用QIAstat-Dx全自动多重病原体检测平台检测23种常见呼吸道病原体。结果 呼吸道病原体总检出率为20.67%(43/208),其中混合感染占6.98%(3/43)。病原体以病毒为主,占比97.67%(42/43),其中腺病毒(ADV)、肠道病毒(EV)、副流感病毒1 (PIV1)、冠状病毒NL63(NL63)占比最高。不同月份和不同年龄组总检出率不同,其中1月份总检出率最高,为32.00%(24/75);0岁～5岁年龄组总检出率最高,为35.06%(27/77);而不同性别总检出率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.804,P=0.18)。结论 2021年第一季度济宁市呼吸道病原体以ADV、EV、PIV1和NL63为主,应加强呼吸道病原体监测和防控力度,特别是低年龄组人群应当是监测的重点。     

2010-2012年南京流感样病例部分呼吸道病毒流行特征分析

目的了解南京流感样病例9种呼吸道病毒流行特征。方法 2010-2012年采集两个流感哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子标本1 367份,荧光定量PCR检测流感病毒(甲型、乙型、丙型)、副流感病毒(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型)、鼻病毒与人博卡病毒等9种常见呼吸道病毒。结果 1 367份ILI咽拭子标本中,检测出374份阳性,检出率为27.36%。以乙型流感病毒检出率最高(8.49%),其次是甲型流感病毒(7.53%),Ⅳ型副流感检出率最低(0.22%)。不同季节中,以夏季病毒检出率最高(31.50%),秋季最低(22.10%)。检出混合感染19例,以鼻病毒与其他病毒混合感染最多,共15例,占所有混合感染的78.95%。结论南京市2010-2012年流行呼吸道病毒以甲、乙型流感病毒、鼻病毒为主,间或有丙型流感流行,偶有个别4型副流感病毒与人博卡病毒感染病例出现。     

茂名市首例甲型H1N1流感病例的实时荧光RT—PCR检测

[目的]对茂名市首例甲型H1N1流感病例进行病毒核酸检测,为甲型H1N1流感疫情的防控提供参考。[方法]采用实时荧光逆转录PCR法对采集的病人咽拭子标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测。[结果]共采集病人2份咽拭子标本,其中1份咽拭子标本的实时荧光RT—PCR检测结果显示H1及N1的RT—PCR反应体系扩增曲线有明显对数增长且Ct值分别为25．21（H1）和25．07（N1）,为甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性;另1份咽拭子标本则呈阴性。后采集第3份咽拭子标本连同第1分标本送广东省疾控中心复检,结果2份标本的甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测均为阳性。[结论]这名病人为福建省第2例甲型H1N1流感病毒感染者的密切接触者,由于及时采用灵敏度高,特异性强,检测时间短的实时荧光逆转录PCR方法检测,快速确诊了病例,为疫情的控制争取了时间,防止了2代病例的出现。     

某部2009年甲型H1N1流感流行特征分析

2009年4月中下旬,世界各地相继出现甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫情暴发,6月世卫组织宣布全球进入甲型H1N1流感大流行阶段.我国启动了卫生应急工作机制,军队在上级机关领导下,各单位及时有效地落实防控措施,保障了广大官兵的身体健康,维护了部队的安全稳定.本文对某部2009年甲型H1N1流感确诊病例进行了分析,总结流行特点,以为将来更好地防控流感疫情提供借鉴.     

南京市2006年～2009年流行性感冒的病原学检测分析

目的：对南京市4家医院就诊的流感样病例标本进行病原学检测,分析其病原学特点,为其流行病学研究提供资料,为流感防控提供病原学依据。方法：采用MDCK细胞分离流感病毒,用血凝抑制试验对病毒株进行分型鉴定,对2006年3月～2009年2月南京4家哨点医院就诊的流感样病例的2 447份鼻咽拭子标本进行检测,并结合感染人群人口学信息进行病原感染谱及亚型特点分析。结果：经国家流感中心复核共有阳性毒株313株,三个年度分别以甲3、甲1和甲3为主。全年有两个感染峰,分布于春季和夏季。3年中感染人群中5岁以下儿童感染率基本一致,均稍高于10%;60岁以上人群感染率呈递增趋势（12%,17%,24%）;其他人群（5～岁,15～岁,25～60岁）则无明显差异。男性感染率（54.7%）显著高于女性（45.3%）（P〈0.05）。结论：2006年～2009年南京市连续3年以甲型流感病毒为主,且60岁以上人群感染率呈递增趋势,故应加强此人群的预防接种,以提高免疫能力。     

Influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel after pandemic influenza H1N1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coverage rates for influenza vaccination among health-care personnel (HCP), and if the reasons for accepting influenza vaccine by HCP and the frequency of vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) in 2010-2011 were different compared to 2009-2010. The AEs were detected by telephoning the worker one week after the vaccination. The coverage for seasonal vaccination in 2009-2010 was 31.0%, whereas that for 2009 pandemic influenza (H1NI) was 22.2% and 24.4% (p < 0.05) in 2010-2011. The most frequent reason for being vaccinated during the three campaigns was to “protect my health”. Over 80.5% of the HCP reported 2009 pandemic influenza (H1N1) vaccine-related AEs compared to the 25.3% and 25.4% reporting seasonal vaccine-related AEs in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 respectively (p < 0.05). None of the AEs were severe. Specific measures should be implemented in our country to recover and improve poor vaccination coverage.     

The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic

Prior to 2009, The Netherlands had prepared itself extensively for a potential pandemic. Multidisciplinary guidelines had been drafted to control transmission and limit adverse outcomes for both a phase of early incidental introduction and for a phase with widespread transmission. The Ministry of Health had ensured a supply and distribution schedule for antivirals and negotiated a contract for vaccine purchases. During the pandemic, existing surveillance was expanded, the established infectious disease response structure was activated, and the previously prepared protocols for communication, diagnostics, use of antivirals, and vaccination implementation were operationalized and implemented. When the pandemic turned out to be less severe than many had anticipated, risk communication and rapid modification of guidelines and communication became a major challenge. Antivirals and pandemic vaccines were reserved for those at high risk for severe outcomes only. Overall, the impact of the pandemic was comparable to the impact of an average seasonal influenza epidemic, but with a shift in (severe) outcomes from the very young and elderly toward young adults. Established prepared protocols enabled timely coordinated responses. In preparing for the worst, sufficient attention must be given to preparing for a mild scenario as well.     

Use of medical care during pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Navarre, Spain

Of 233 households with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Navarre, Spain, only 64% (107/166) of contacts with influenza-like illness had sought medical care. This value was lower for adults (53%, 39/74) than for children <15 years of age (74%, 68/92), as well as for those with cases secondary to another household case (58%, 64/111).     

Co-detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and other respiratory pathogens

From May through October 2009, a total of 10,624 clinical samples from 23 US states were screened for multiple respiratory pathogen gene targets. Of 3,110 (29.3%) samples positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, 28% contained ≥ 1 other pathogen, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus (14.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.2%), and Haemophilus influenzae (3.5%).     

Syndromic surveillance during pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, New York, New York, USA

We compared emergency department and ambulatory care syndromic surveillance systems during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak in New York City. Emergency departments likely experienced increases in influenza-like-illness significantly earlier than ambulatory care facilities because more patients sought care at emergency departments, differences in case definitions existed, or a combination thereof.     

Increased extent of and risk factors for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza among children, Israel

During the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak in Israel, incidence rates among children were 2× higher than that of the previous 4 influenza seasons; hospitalization rates were 5× higher. Children hospitalized for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were older and had more underlying chronic diseases than those hospitalized for seasonal influenza.