A multidisciplinary approach to giant soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall: A case report

IntroductionSoft tissue sarcomas of the chest wall are exceptionally rare entities that present as painless slow growing masses. Resection is often precarious due to involvement of vital structures, and patients are left with large chest wall defects postoperatively requiring extensive reconstruction.Presentation of caseWe present a case report of a 29 year-old man who presented with a giant soft tissue sarcoma of the chest that had been growing slowly for one year prior to presentation. The patient had a biopsy that was positive for sarcoma, and PET CT demonstrated a large lobulated mass in the left chest wall with an SUV of 6.7. He received 50 Gy of radiation therapy; however, the mass continued to grow in size. He subsequently underwent an en-bloc resection of the mass with latissimus and serratus muscle primary reconstruction. Final pathology showed a 27 cm high-grade fibrosarcoma with prominent myxoid component. To our knowledge, this is the largest soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall reported in the literature. Postoperatively, the patient received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.DiscussionSurgery is the mainstay of treatment, and chemotherapy and radiation are used in specific circumstances. Risk of recurrence is dependent on many factors, including histologic subtype, grade, and size of tumor. Long term surveillance with physical exam and imaging is recommended.ConclusionWe feel that the multidisciplinary approach is crucial for optimal management of large soft tissue sarcomas. We recommend this approach to all patients with chest wall sarcomas.     

Rosai Dorfman disease of the spine causing lumbosacral radiculopathy: A case report

Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare non-malignant proliferative disorder of unknown etiology.Here we present a case of Rosai Dorfman disease of the spine causing lumbo-sacral radiculopathy. CT and MRI revealed lytic expansile lesion in the left half of L4 vertebra mainly involving posterior aspect involving left pedicle and transverse process. Patient underwent surgery at L3-4 level by left fenestration. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Rosai Dorfman disease.Skeletal involvement is a very rare presentation seen in 2% case with involvement of long bones including tibia, femur, humerus, clavicle and bones of hand. RDD affecting the spine has been rarely reported in literature.A team approach involving the radiologist, spine surgeon, pathologist and oncologist will lead to the early diagnosis and appropriate management of this rare clinical entity.     

Epithelioid sarcoma: the clinicopathological complexities of this rare soft tissue sarcoma

Background Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare high grade soft tissue sarcoma with a known propensity for locoregional recurrence. The literature is limited on other characteristics such as frequency of multifocal disease at presentation, the relationship of presenting size of the primary lesion to prognosis, and the ability of current staging systems to predict prognosis. Methods Review of the Royal Marsden National Health Service Trust (RMH) experience of 37 cases over 21 years. Results The mean age was 29 years, with male predominance (2.7:1), and distal limb locatinis were most common (56%). Five patients presented with multifocal local disease. Median follow-up was 88 months in the 19 patients still alive. The 5- and 10-year actuarial overall survival was 70% and 42%, respectively. Tumors deep to the investing fascia had a worse prognosis than superficial tumors. Regional metastasis events were also associated with significantly worse overall survival. Local recurrence, size of 5 cm or larger, and regional metastasis events were predictive of worse distant metastasis-free survival. Tumor size (<5 cm vs.≥5 cm), local recurrence events, sex, and site were not significant predictors of survival. The American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer staging systems and the recently proposed RMH staging system of the Royal Marsden National Health Service Trust provided poor differentiation of prognosis in epithelioid sarcoma. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate was 35%. The 5-year actuarial regional nodal metastasis rate was 23%. The actuarial 5-year distant metastasis rate was 40%, with pleuropulmonary metastases the most common site of metastatic disease, and 35% of pleuropulmonary metastases presented with pleural effusion. Median post-distant metastasis survival was 8 months. Conclusions Epithelioid sarcoma has unusual clinical behavior compared with other high grade soft tissue sarcoma. It has a propensity for multifocal disease at presentation, local recurrence, regional metastasis, and particularly poor prognosis after regional or distant metastatic disease. Size and stage according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer are unreliable predictors of prognosis.     

Oncosurgical and reconstructive concepts in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective analysis

Background  Patients with soft tissue sarcomas are initially treated in community hospitals and in the private practice setting in the majority of cases. Thus, this disease entity is initially treated by surgeons with limited experience and expertise regarding the complex and demanding therapeutic regimen necessary to address this distinct group of malignancies. Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted with a particular focus on factors affecting patient outcome, oncosurgical intervention, and plastic surgical reconstruction. Results  A total of 75 patients were included in the study. Only 66% of all patients presented with a primary tumor. The remaining 34% presented with either local recurrence or distant metastasis. The oncosurgical procedure most commonly performed was wide excision (69%). However, amputation was unavoidable in 7% of cases. Single-step reconstruction included primary closure (19%), skin grafting (19%), local fascio- or myocutaneous flap transfer (31%), as well as free flap transfer (31%). 17 patients (20%) have deceased due to their underlying disease. Yet another 10% are alive with evidence of residual tumor. Kaplan–Meier analysis displayed significant differences in overall survival rate depending on disease stage upon initial presentation. Conclusion  Based on our data favorable oncological outcomes with satisfactory functional results and limb preservation are achievable if oncological principles for resection are respected and reconstruction is performed according to plastic surgical principles.     

Superficial extremity soft tissue sarcoma: An analysis of prognostic factors

Background: Experience with soft tissue sarcoma has suggested that superficial tumors have a favorable prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic features of this subset of sarcoma. Methods: Prospective data on 215 patients presenting to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with primary extremity superficial soft tissue sarcomas between July 1, 1982 and July 1, 1996 were analyzed. Superficial sarcomas were defined as subcutaneous tumors not invading the investing fascia of the muscle. Analysis was by univariate and multivariate tests for local recurrence, metastasis, and tumor mortality. Results: Ninety (42%) patients were over 50 years of age, 115 (53%) had high-grade tumors, 53 (25%) had tumors 5 cm, and 18 (8%) had positive margins following definitive resection. Median follow-up was 45 months (range 2 days to 151 months), 31 (14%) patients had local recurrences, 20 (9%) had distant metastases, and 15 (7%) died of disease. Five- and 10-year actuarial disease-specific survivals were 91% and 85%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age >50 years predicted local recurrence (RR 5.7; 95% CI, 2.4–13.3;p<0.0001). High grade (RR 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4–12.7;p<0.006), and size 5 cm (RR 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8–11;p<0.002) predicted distant metastases. High grade (RR 7; 95% CI, 1.5–31.4;p<0.003), size 5 cm (RR 6.9; 95% CI, 2.3–20.8;p<0.0006), and positive margins (RR 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2–12.4;p<0.006) predicted tumor mortality. Conclusion: Primary superficial extremity soft tissue sarcomas have a favorable prognosis. Size and grade of superficial tumors are the strongest factors in predicting survival.Presented at the 50th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, March 20–23, 1997.     

原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析1995年8月～2006年5月收治的12例原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料,并就其临床表现、辅助检查及手术方法进行讨论。结果：12例中,男3例,女9例,年龄27～73岁,平均55岁。体检发现者3例,有腹部或腰部疼痛症状者6例,腹部包块者2例,下肢疼痛者1例。肿瘤最大径5～21cm,平均11cm,均行手术切除。手术时间120-360min,平均210min;失血200～1500ml,平均524ml,其中输血5例,占41％,输血4001000ml,平均600ml。同时切除右肾1例,右半结肠1例,无重大手术并发症。病理检查结果为脂肪肉瘤5例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,神经纤维肉瘤2例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例,横纹肌肉瘤1例。随访8例,时间3～60个月,平均28个月,2例分别于术后6、9个月复发,再次行手术切除,1例术后1．5年因肝、肺转移而死亡,2例术后3～12个月局部复发,无法手术切除,转行放、化疗。结论：原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤术前主要靠影像学检查诊断;手术完整切除是其主要的有效治疗手段。     

Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma: A case report and literature review

Acral myxoinflammatory fibroplastic sarcoma is an extremely rare soft-tissue sarcoma. It typically presents as an inflammatory mass in the distal extremities of adult patients. The authors present a review of the available literature as well as a discussion on the surgical management of a patient with acral myxoinflammatory fibroplastic sarcoma who originally requested conservative management but ultimately required a two-digit ray amputation after local recurrence.     

Adjuvant brachytherapy for primary high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity

BACKGROUND: We reviewed single-institution experience using brachytherapy alone for primary high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. METHODS: Between July 1982 and September 1997, 202 adult patients with primary high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity were treated with limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant brachytherapy. All patients underwent complete gross resection, but the margin of resection was microscopically positive in 18% of patients. The median dose of brachytherapy was 45 Gy delivered over 5 days. Tumors located in the shoulder or groin were defined as central location. Complications were assessed in terms of wound complications, bone fracture, and peripheral nerve damage. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 61 months, the 5-year local control, distant relapse-free survival, and overall survival rates were 84%, 63%, and 70%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, poor local control correlated with shoulder location, positive microscopic margins of resection, and nonshoulder upper extremity site. The 5-year actuarial rates of wound complications requiring reoperation, bone fracture, and grade > or = 3 nerve damage were 12%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant brachytherapy provides adequate local control and acceptable morbidity that compares favorably with data reported for external beam radiation. Shoulder tumor location was identified as an independent prognostic factor for poor local control, mandating further improvement in the local management of these tumors.     

Malignant behaviour of primary intracranial Rosai Dorfman disease: A rare presentation of a benign disease

Background and purposeThe Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and usually benign lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown aetiology, typically characterized by head and neck lymphadenopathies. However, it may occasionally present with primary extra-nodal involvement including the central nervous system. We firstly described the potential malignant behaviour and fatal evolution of primary intracranial RDD.Illustrative caseA 69-year-old woman sought clinical attention for recurrent episodes of headache, fever and malaise associated with bilateral proptosis and left lower limb paresis. The brain MRI revealed bilateral retro-bulbar and fronto-parieto-occipital subdural lesions. The body CT did not show extracranial lesions. A right fronto-parietal craniotomy was performed and a subtotal resection was achieved. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with RDD. Despite the patient was commenced on high-dose corticosteroids, she developed a worsening respiratory distress syndrome and a rapid systemic disease progression with liver and kidney failure. Given the poor general status, adjuvant medical and radiation therapies were not deemed safe and feasible and the patient died of multi-organ failure a month later.ConclusionsWe documented an exceptional case of primary intracranial RDD with malignant behaviour characterized by rapid systemic disease progression and poor prognosis. Although RDD with intracranial location has usually a benign and self-limiting course with good response to adjuvant treatments, it hides a malignant potential that may lead patients to death.     

Fatal skin and soft tissue infection of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Acinetobacter baumannii is usually associated with respiratory tract, urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Recent reports suggest that it is increasingly causing skin and soft tissue infections. It is also evolving as a multidrug resistant organism that can be difficult to treat. We present a fatal case of multidrug resistant A. baumannii soft tissue infection and review of relevant literature.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 41 year old morbidly obese man, with history of alcoholic liver disease presented with left superficial pre-tibial abrasions and cellulitis caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. In spite of early antibiotic administration he developed extensive myositis and fat necrosis requiring extensive and multiple surgical debridements. He deteriorated despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and multiple surgical interventions with development of multi-organ failure and died.

DISCUSSION

Managing Acinetobacter infections remains difficult due to the array of resistance and the pathogens ability to develop new and ongoing resistance. The early diagnosis of necrotizing soft tissue infection may be challenging, but the key to successful management of patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection are early recognition and complete surgical debridement.

CONCLUSION

A. baumannii is emerging as an important cause of severe, life-threatening soft tissue infections. Multidrug resistant A. baumannii soft tissue infections may carry a high mortality in spite of early and aggressive treatment. Clinicians need to consider appropriate early empirical antibiotic coverage or the use of combination therapy to include MDR A. baumannii as a cause of skin and soft tissue infections.     

Veno-accompanying artery fasciocutaneous flaps following wide excision of soft tissue tumors in the lower legs

BackgroundSoft tissue defects following wide excision of malignant soft tissue tumors (STTs) are sometimes too large for primary closure, especially in the lower legs where available soft tissue is limited. This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of a defect after wide excision of an STT with a veno-accompanying artery fasciocutaneous (VAF) flap in the lower leg.MethodsThis study comprised 9 patients with malignant STTs who had undergone reconstructive surgeries using VAF flaps after wide excisions, between October 2010 and September 2017. We retrospectively reviewed and collected data involving age, sex, follow-up period, histological diagnosis, surgical procedures, size and location of defects, size and location of the flaps, venous source of the flaps, direction of the pedicles, closing of donor sites, perioperative chemotherapies, postoperative complications, and the presence of postoperative local recurrence and metastasis.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 91.5 (range, 15.5–189.0) months. Four patients had defects located around the knee, 3 patients had defects located on the calf, and 2 patients had defects located around the ankle. The mean flap size was 95.6 × 119.4 (range, 50 × 100–130 × 140) mm. Six patients had venous sources from the small saphenous vein and 3 patients had venous sources from the great saphenous vein. The pedicles were proximally based in 4 patients and distally based in 5 patients. All flaps remained viable without any complications.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the VAF flap was easily elevated and reliable. Furthermore, it was effective in reconstructing soft tissue defects following wide excisions of STTs in the lower leg.     

冷冻消融软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素

目的探讨冷冻消融治疗软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素。方法收集接受氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗的60例软组织肉瘤的资料,于冷冻消融治疗1个月后,根据患者情况选择CT或MRI检查判断消融率,对冷冻消融软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素进行统计学分析。结果单因素分析显示,肿瘤最长径和肿瘤生长部位与软组织肉瘤冷冻消融术后消融率有关(χ~2=10.408,P=0.015;χ~2=36.778,P=0.006)。多因素分析显示,肿瘤生长部位是冷冻消融术后消融率的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论冷冻消融治疗软组织肉瘤安全有效。软组织肉瘤生长部位是冷冻消融后消融率的独立影响因素。     

Immediate versus delayed free-tissue transfer salvage of the lower extremity in soft tissue sarcoma patients

Background: Free tissue transfer (FTT) can extend the limits of limb salvage in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), but few data exist on the efficacy and morbidity in this patient population. Methods: We prospectively examined 19 patients who underwent resection of STS and an immediate or a delayed FTT reconstruction between November 1989 and May 1992. Results: There were 11 immediate and eight delayed FTT reconstructions (mean age 52 years). All delayed patients presented with complications resulting from previous STS treatment. Defects involved the leg (n=7), knee (n=2), and thigh (n=10) and had a mean size of 129 cm², 154 cm², and 283 cm², respectively. Preoperative radiatiotherapy had been administered to 74% of patients in the series (mean dose 53 Gy). FTT success rate was 95% (one failure in the delayed group). Limb salvage and postreconstruction ambulatory rates were both 95%. The overall complication rate was 47%, with the trend of a higher rate (63%) in the delayed group compared with the immediate group (36%). The immediate reconstruction group required no additional operative procedures before FTT and had a shorter hospital stay (13 days) compared with that of the delayed reconstruction group (40.6 days). Mean follow-up was 11.9 months (range 2–30). Conclusions: FTT is a reliable and versatile adjunctive treatment for lower extremity salvage of patients with STS. Immediate reconstruction appears to carry a lower complication rate and a faster rehabilitation for the patient.The results of this study were presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, March 18–21, 1993.     

A complex fistula-in-ano presenting as a soft tissue tumor

INTRODUCTION

Anorectal abscess and fistula are quite commonly encountered diseases. Both of these are the acute and chronic manifestations of the same entity. While abscess are thought to begin as an infection in the anal glands, their spreading into adjacent spaces results in a fistula formation. At many times this spread occurs in a complex pattern which is difficult to map and treat.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

This paper describes a complex perianal fistula that presented as a painless benign lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right buttock. The lump initially thought to be a soft tissue swelling was later diagnosed to be a chronic abscess cavity extending medially toward the anal canal in the form of a complex fistulous tract.

DISCUSSION

Complex perianal fistulas are difficult to treat and are prone to recurrences. Correct diagnosis and characterization of the fistula is essential to optimize the treatment. Clinical examination alone may not give a correct picture of the actual disease, thereby requiring radiological investigations like MRI.

CONCLUSION

Although rare, sometimes common clinical conditions like fistula-in-ano may also present in complex manner. It is important to establish the diagnosis firmly and map the fistula properly before going in for surgery. Complexity of fistulas and improper mapping often leads to recurrences and other complications like incontinence.     

Retrospective study of the surgical management and outcome of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas of the groin and axilla in children

Purpose

The incidence of pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTSs) of the groin and axilla is unknown, and the optimal surgical approach to these patients is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital from January 1962 to March 2007 for NRSTSs of the groin and axilla. Demographic variables, tumor pathology, clinical management, and outcome were reviewed.

Results

Of the 300 patients treated for NRSTSs, only 10 had tumors of the axilla or groin (6 of whom had synovial sarcoma). Surgical interventions included wide resection of the tumor (n = 7), marginal resection (n = 1), subtotal resection (n = 1), and biopsy only (n = 1). Six patients underwent lymph node sampling; all were negative for tumor. Short- and long-term surgical complications were rare. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3) and/or radiotherapy (n = 2). At a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 7 of the 10 were surviving free of disease. Two of these patients died of tumor progression (1 with metastases at diagnosis and 1 with an unresectable tumor at diagnosis), and one patient who was free of NRSTS died of secondary breast carcinoma.

Conclusions

Pediatric NRSTSs of the axilla and groin are rare, but outcomes are similar to those of other patients with NRSTS. Wide local excision of the tumor with preservation of good limb function should be the surgical goal and may be sufficient therapy in some cases.     

Salvaging of a failed Lapidus procedure by the soft tissue osteodesis procedure: A six-year follow-up case report

Soft tissue approach to hallux valgus deformity correction has not been popular due to concerns of its effectiveness. Osteodesis procedure is a soft tissue technique that has been reported with favorable results, especially its long term deformity recurrence rate was very low. Recurrence complication after Lapidus procedure has seldom been reported and its remedial surgery not much discussed yet. Soft tissue approach has never been recommended or reported for salvaging failed hallux valgus surgery. This case report is a failed Lapidus procedure due to symptomatic recurrence of deformity that was successfully salvaged by osteodesis procedure and followed up for six years to ensure no late symptoms and deformity recurrence.     

Contributions from surgeons to clinical trials and research on the management of soft tissue sarcoma

Background: Surgical resection is the primary treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. Surgeons are in a position to develop and define appropriate treatment strategies for this disease. In an effort to define the contributions of surgeons to the management of sarcoma, the surgical and clinical oncology literature from January 1983 through June 1996 was reviewed. Methods: A computerized literature search of the Cancerlit database for January 1983 to June 1996 was performed. The search was limited to the topic of soft tissue sarcoma and was further confined to 15 journals that publish articles relevant to surgical management. These studies were then categorized by multiple parameters and analyzed. Results: The Cancerlit file contained 4478 articles in which sarcoma was the primary topic. When the search was limited to 15 journals frequently read by surgeons, 479 references (11%) were retrieved. Within the surgical literature, 95 of the 479 articles (20%) described prospective studies, of which 33 were prospective and randomized. These studies represent all but three of the prospective randomized trials within the literature during the time period reviewed. The management of patients with sarcoma was evaluated in 26 of the prospective randomized trials; of these, 13 trials evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy, three evaluated adjuvant radiotherapy, and ten evaluated the chemotherapeutic treatment of metastatic disease. Surgical oncologists were the first or senior author on 10 of the 16 prospective randomized studies regarding adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. Four of the 16 trials evaluating adjuvant therapy contained more than 100 patients, and three of those four were from cooperative group efforts. All but one of the studies of adjuvant therapy with less than 100 patients were from single institutional trials. Conclusions: Although the surgical and clinical oncology literature on soft tissue sarcoma is composed primarily of retrospective reviews, the prospective randomized trials reported represent almost all of the randomized trials in the literature and have significant contributions from surgeons. Surgeons can guide and design clinical trials, but overall patient accrual as represented by soft tissue sarcoma is low, and may be improved through cooperative group efforts.The opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.     

Reconstructive surgery as part of the AMORE protocol in the treatment of pediatric head and neck soft tissue sarcoma

For advanced stage residual or recurrent paediatric soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck area, the AMORE protocol was developed in our hospital. It consists of Ablative surgery, afterloading brachytherapy, using a MOulage technique and REconstructive surgery in 1 week. The reconstructive surgical component of this treatment regimen was reviewed. Between January 1993 and November 1999, 18 children with soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck area were treated according to the AMORE protocol. The median follow-up was 31.5 months (range 2 months to 6.5 years). For reconstruction, a free vascularized muscle transfer was performed in 12 patients and a pedicled muscle transposition in six patients. The surgical reconstruction was successful in all but one patient and in 16 of 18 patients, healing was uneventful. Since the introduction of this multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of paediatric soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck region, the results have been promising. The immediate reconstruction of an irradiated, contaminated wound bed with uncompromised, well-vascularized muscle tissue has, in general, resulted in excellent wound healing. The treatment was undertaken in a limited amount of time and resulted in an acceptable morbidity. Received: 18 January 2000 / Accepted: 14 February 2000     

Oncological and functional outcomes of planned and unplanned excision of soft tissue sarcoma: A retrospective study

BackgroundIn soft tissue sarcomas, the oncological and functional outcomes between planned excision and unplanned excision with additional wide resection remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of unplanned excision on oncological and functional outcomes.MethodsA retrospective single-center study was performed. Patients with soft tissue sarcoma surgically treated in 2005–2019 were included in this study. A total of 120 patients consisting of planned excision (PE) group (n = 88), and unplanned excision (UE) group (n = 32) were included. Overall-survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), disease-free survival (DFS), incidence rate of reconstructive surgery and musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score were assessed. Propensity score matching method was used in statistical analysis.ResultsThe 5-year survival rate of OS, LRFS, MFS, and DFS did not differ between the PE and UE groups, however, rates of reconstructive surgery were higher in the UE group (PE: 48% vs. UE: 84%, p < 0.001). These results did not differ (PE: 41% vs. UE: 82%, p = 0.012) after propensity score matching was performed to align the backgrounds with difference in tumor size and depth. For MSTS score, the total score and “pain” and “emotional acceptance” scores were higher in the PE group before propensity score matching. The “pain” and “emotional acceptance” scores were higher in the PE group after propensity score matching also.ConclusionsUnplanned excision did not deteriorate oncological outcomes, however unplanned excision lead to unnecessary reconstructive surgery. Unplanned excision adversely affected patient-reported outcomes without worsening pure functional outcomes.     

Bipolar fracture dislocation of clavicle: A report of osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction

IntroductionBipolar dislocation of the clavicle, also called bifocal or pan-articular dislocation or floating clavicle, is an uncommon traumatic injury. The injury of this case is also concomitant with distal third clavicle and coracoid fracture. This article aimed to report the experience of performing osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction on these injuries.Case reportWe reported a case of bipolar clavicle fracture-dislocation in concomitant with coracoid fracture in a man, aged 32 years old, successfully treated 24 days after accident by fixation of both fractures and early simultaneous reconstruction of sternoclavicular- acromioclavicular-coracoclavicular joints.DiscussionThese injuries are rare and capable of causing many complications if they are treated improperly. It is compulsory to carefully assess any fractured clavicle along its whole length, both clinically and radiologically. Various options, from non-operative to operative, have been reported to manage such of these cases. Early bony fixation and soft tissue reconstruction can correct the alignment of clavicle and recover the function of sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular- joints promptly.ConclusionFracture osteosynthesis and early soft tissue reconstruction can be regarded as an option treatment for bipolar fracture-dislocation of the clavicle to facilitate prompt treatment and early rehabilitation.