仿真模拟教学在手术室护理带教中的应用与评价

目的 探讨仿真模拟教学法在手术室护理带教中的应用及效果.方法 将手术室实习的100名本科护生分为对照组和实验组,每组各50名.对照组采用传统教学模式,实验组增设仿真模拟教学模式,比较两组护生实习效果,包括出科操作考核、自我评价、带教老师评价、手术医生评价、患者评价.结果 实验组护生各项评价得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 仿真模拟教学能使护生更系统、更快掌握专科实践技能,激发护生的学习兴趣,提高对知识的综合应用能力、护患、医护沟通合作能力以及培养手术室整体护理思维,进一步提高教学质量.     

Using simulation to prepare neophyte nursing students to deliver intimate patient care

BackgroundPreparing neophyte nursing students to deal with the intimate aspects of patient care including nudity and body excretions is challenging. Traditional simulation approaches that have been used to teach these skills require examination in the context of considering more realistic ways. Mask-Ed™ is a high fidelity modality of simulation that enables the educator to transform into a patient by donning silicone props such as masks and body torsos inclusive of genitalia. The hidden educator is able to coach and direct the learner throughout the simulation.AimThe aim of this study was to identify if Mask-Ed™ simulation enhanced students learning in the context of providing intimate patient care when undertaking the skills of showering and toileting.MethodsFirst year undergraduate nursing students were tasked with showering and toileting a Mask-Ed™ patient in a simulated learning situation within a laboratory context. Following the simulation students were invited to participate in focus groups. Data was recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.FindingsFrom class preparation to debrief, participants experienced a safe journey of discovery enabling them to provide intimate care. The realism of the learning environment combined with the confidence students had in their educator, allowed students to overcome their nervousness and anxiety, discover the vulnerable person at the centre of their care, gain confidence and find comrades.DiscussionSimulations that provide neophyte nursing students with an opportunity to face real to life intimate care experiences should be apparent in all undergraduate nursing programs. Nursing students need not only to be prepared to implement skills around safe practice when showering and toileting patients but they also need to feel safe and confident to practice themselves.ConclusionMask-Ed™ is an effective and efficient simulation modality to teach neophyte nursing students about intimate human care.     

模拟演练干预对儿科实习护生应对医院暴力能力的影响

目的 探讨模拟演练干预在儿科实习护生应对医院暴力能力中的应用效果。方法 采用随机数字表法将在儿科实习的68名护生随机分为观察组和对照组,每组34例,对照组采用常规护理教学方式,观察组在对照组基础上实施模拟演练干预。干预1个月后,采用模拟教学评价量表、实习护生工作场所暴力管理能力量表对其进行效果评价。结果 干预后观察组儿科实习护生模拟教学评价量表总分及各维度得分、实习护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表总分及各维度得分均高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论 模拟演练干预方法能够有效提高儿科实习护生应对医院暴力能力,同时也提高了儿科护理教学水平,护生满意度上升。     

仿真模拟教学在护生实习前强化训练中的应用

目的 探讨在实习前强化训练中应用仿真模拟教学的意义和可行性.方法 在实习前对400名2011级护理本科生采用仿真模拟强化训练,自行设计问卷调查护生对仿真模拟强化训练的评价及满意度.结果 98.7%护生认为有必要开展强化训练,85.9%的护生认为达到了预期效果,91.4%的护生认为有助于尽快适应临床护理工作,72.3%~91.1%的护生认为有助于提升综合能力,并且满意度较高.结论 仿真模拟可使护生将理论与实践密切联系,有利于护生尽快适应临床护理工作,提升护生的综合能力和教师的教学水平.     

模拟面试对护理本科生毕业求职影响的调查

目的通过模拟面试使学生尽早适应求职面试环境与氛围，锻炼学生的心理素质及应对能力，为毕业求职提供必要的指导。方法聘请4所医院护理部主任及教授人际沟通课程的教师15人共同组成5个面试小组对53名护理本科毕业生进行模拟求职面试。模拟面试后使用自设问卷对学生进行调查。结果20项调查内容中，影响最为明显的有10项，影响较为明显的有7项内容，影响一般的有3项。结论有针对性地开展模拟面试，可以有效提高学生各个方面的能力，对学生顺利就业起到一定的帮助和指导作用。     

Using standardized patients to improve the hygiene care skills of first-year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial

Background

Standardized patient was useful for knowledge acquirement, communication skills, self-efficacy, learning motivation and clinical skill acquirement in the literature.

模拟面试对护理本科生毕业求职影响的调查

目的 通过模拟面试使学生尽早适应求职面试环境与氛围,锻炼学生的心理素质及应对能力,为毕业求职提供必要的指导.方法 聘请4所医院护理部主任及教授人际沟通课程的教师15人共同组成5个面试小组对53名护理本科毕业生进行模拟求职面试.模拟面试后使用自设问卷对学生进行调查.结果 20项调查内容中,影响最为明显的有10项,影响较为明显的有7项内容,影响一般的有3项.结论 有针对性地开展模拟面试,可以有效提高学生各个方面的能力,对学生顺利就业起到一定的帮助和指导作用.     

Snapshots of simulation: Creative strategies used by Australian educators to enhance simulation learning experiences for nursing students

Simulation in nursing is a flourishing area for nurse educators' practice. Defined as learning that amplifies, mimics or replaces real-life clinical situations, simulation aims to give students opportunity to reason through a clinical problem and make decisions, without the potential for harming actual patients. Educators in nursing are contributing to simulation learning in diverse and creative ways. Yet much of their craft is not being widely disseminated because educators are not always confident in publishing their work. This paper aims to stimulate creative development in simulation by providing short summaries, or snapshots, of diverse approaches that nurse educators are using. The objective is to inspire others to share other ideas in development or in practice that are improving learning for nursing students and practitioners, so that simulation scholarship is advanced. The snapshots presented range from approaches that: better support educators to attend to the whole process of simulation education, give students quick access to short skill-based videos, orientate students to the laboratory environment, harness the power of the group to develop documentation skills, use simulation to enrich lectures, develop multidisciplinary knowledge, and finally, which teach therapeutic communication with children in a fun and imaginative way.     

The use of simulation technology in the education of nursing students

This article provides a broad overview of simulation use in nursing education. An example of a simulation experience focusing on the development and debriefing of a medication safety exercise is presented based on a theoretic approach. Questions for future consideration by nursing educators and researchers are also presented with the ultimate goal of producing safer patient care and more deliberate reflecting practitioners.     

高职护理专业仿真实训教学及情境设置的实践

护理是一门艺术性、应用性很强的学科,随着社会的进步,科学的发展,对护理人员的要求越来越高。该文介绍了借助临床真实病例和各种仿真训练系统,对在校高职护理专业学生进行仿真实训教学,并在教师指导下编制情境的实践,从而缩小学校教育和临床实践之间的差距,培养学生自主学习能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

Delivering culturally competent care to the lesbian,gay, bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) population: Education for nursing students

PurposeDespite well-documented healthcare disparities in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, nursing education has lagged other health professions in promoting culturally competent care to members of this minority group.MethodsUsing national guidelines, the author developed an educational program for BSN students to improve competency in providing care for LGBT individuals. One hundred twenty-four students completed online modules and a simulation exercise, which explored LGBT healthcare topics. One hundred eight participants completed surveys pre-, post-, and 1 month after the intervention.ResultsOverall LGB competence scores improved from pre- (M = 4.42) to post-test (M = 5.20) and did not significantly decrease at one-month (M = 5.03, p < .001). Similar findings were observed in the transgender cultural competence scores (pre- (M = 4.02); post- (M = 5.08); one-month (M = 4.92, p < .001)).ConclusionEducational content focused on cultural competency for nurses may lead to improved health outcomes among the LGBT community.     

学生标准化病人的培训及在社区护理实习教学中的应用

目的探索学生标准化病人的培训及在社区护理实习教学中的应用效果。方法把学生培训为标准化病人应用于社区护理实习进行情景模拟教学并与传统教学法进行比较,观察两种方法的教学效果的差异。结果试验组学生病人评价、专业实务综合笔试及实践能力考核成绩均高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论运用学生标准化病人进行情景模拟教学可提高学生社区护理的理论水平及临床操作能力。     

The learning experiences of international doctoral students with particular reference to nursing students: A literature review

One of the key challenges for the advancement of nursing globally is the development of doctorally prepared educators and leaders in a context where there is a shortage of provision of doctoral nursing programmes. For the short term future, many nurses wishing to undertake a doctorate will need to complete this education in the USA, the UK or Australia. Very little is known however about the nature of their learning experiences in these countries. This paper presents a literature review on the international doctoral student experience, with specific reference to nursing. A thorough review of the literature from 1990 to 2009 was undertaken which yielded only three empirical studies related to nursing. The review was then expanded to include subjects other than nursing which yielded 16 studies in total. This paper presents key themes that appear to be generic to international doctoral students, and draws out specific implications for nursing.The review found that international doctoral students’ learning experiences were strongly influenced by the extent to which they could engage with three key elements of doctoral programmes:

1.

pedagogical paradigms (specifically, self-directed learning and an emphasis upon criticality),

2.

pedagogical practices (specifically, understanding supervision styles and relationships and learning in a second language),

3.

academic environments (including the availability and accessibility of peer support and professional development opportunities).

The first months represented a critical time of transition and most international students seemed to want and expect considerable support and structured in-put during this period. Most studies concluded that there was a need for greater institutional support and supervisor training. The three nursing-specific papers were entirely consistent with these themes.The existing evidence is extremely heterogeneous and of variable methodological quality. In order to ensure that doctoral nursing students are getting a high quality and appropriate PhD experience, there is a need for more research specifically with this group. There is also a need to investigate the different stages of the doctoral process in nursing, including, for example, writing up and examination processes and post-doctoral career outcomes.     

静脉输液模拟系统在护理本科生技能训练中的应用

目的探讨静脉输液模拟系统在护理本科生技能训练中的应用效果。方法将"静脉输液模拟系统"用于护理本科生技能训练的课外训练中,比较试验组和对照组学生的静脉输液操作成绩及错误频次,并调查试验组学生对该模拟系统的感受。结果试验组学生静脉输液操作考核成绩高于对照组(P<0.01),考核时错误频次低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。学生认为模拟系统有助于掌握操作技能(93.88%),可提高自主学习能力(74.15%)。结论静脉输液模拟系统是解决护理技能教学时存在的实训场地与资源限制的一种有效方法。     

开设“基础护理技术”先导课程 提高学习自我效能感

目的:通过重新调整"基础护理技术"课程计划和内容,改革教学方法,对护生进行实践研究,以提高护生基础护理学习自我效能感。方法:改变以往在二年级开设"基础护理技术"课程的模式,为全日制大专一年级护生开设"基础护理技术"先导课程,在学期末分别对一、二年级护生进行学习自我效能感问卷调查,分析两年级护生的得分差异。结果:提前开设"基础护理技术"课程的一年级护生的学习自我效能感得分明显高于在二年级开设"基础护理技术"护生的得分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在一年级第一学期提前开设"基础护理技术"课程,可以提高护生基础护理学习自我效能感。