Open reduction and internal fixation alone versus open reduction and internal fixation plus total hip arthroplasty for displaced acetabular fractures in patients older than 60 years: A prospective clinical trial

IntroductionThe optimal treatment of elderly patients with an acetabular fracture is unknown. We conducted a prospective clinical trial to compare functional outcomes and reoperation rates in patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone versus ORIF plus concomitant total hip arthroplasty (ORIF + THA). Our hypothesis was that patients who had ORIF + THA would have better patient reported outcomes and lower reoperation rates postoperatively.MethodsInclusion criteria were patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture plus at least one of three fracture characteristics: dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component. Eligible patients were operative candidates based on fracture displacement, ambulatory status, and physiological appropriateness. Patients received either ORIF alone or ORIF + THA (accomplished at same surgery through same incision). Outcome measurements included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index hip score, Short Form 36, Harris Hip Score, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form scores. Additionally, patients were monitored for any unplanned reoperation within 2 years.ResultsForty-seven of 165 eligible patients with an average age of 70.7 years were included. The mean Harris Hip Score difference favored ORIF + THA (mean difference, 12.3, [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.3 to 24.9, p = 0.07]). No clinically important differences were detected in any other validated outcome score or patient satisfaction score 1 year after surgery. ORIF + THA decreased the absolute risk of reoperation by 28% (95% CI, 13% to 44%, p < 0.01). No postoperative hip dislocation occurred in either group.ConclusionsIn patients older than 60 years with an operative displaced acetabular fracture with specific fracture features (dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component), treatment with ORIF + THA resulted in fewer reoperations than treatment with ORIF alone. No differences in patient satisfaction and other validated outcome measures were detected.     

Direct Cementation of Dual Mobility Cups Into the Bony Acetabulum in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

BackgroundCemented dual mobility cups (DMCs) are commonly used in combination with acetabular reinforcement devices. Indeed, according to literature, direct cementation of metal-backed acetabular components into the bony acetabulum remains controversial as this technique is potentially associated with increased rates of aseptic loosening. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of DMC cemented into the bony acetabulum in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsA total of 49 THA (48 patients, mean age 78 years [range, 51 to 91]) performed with direct cementation of a DMC into the bony acetabulum were prospectively included in our total joint registry and retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS). The radiographic outcome included measurement of component positioning and occurrence and progression of demarcation around the cemented DMC. Complications were reported with a particular attention to cemented fixation failure and aseptic loosening.ResultsAt a 7-year mean follow-up (range, 5 to 8), the pre-to postoperative HHS improved from 47 (range, 30 to 58) to 92 points (range, 80 to 98) (P < .01). Nonprogressive and focalized demarcations were observed in 7 THA (14%). Importantly, no progressive demarcation or DMC aseptic loosening was observed.ConclusionDirect cementation of DMC into the bony acetabulum ensured a stable fixation with no progressive demarcation or aseptic loosening at midterm follow-up. Therefore, this technique can be selectively considered in primary THA, especially in elderly or frail patients to avoid potential mechanical failure of press-fit fixation due to altered bone quality or additional morbidity related to the use of acetabular reinforcement devices.     

Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Healed Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures. A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundMany studies have analyzed the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) after failed intertrochanteric fracture fixation, but not after healed fracture. The objective is to investigate the influence of a prior healed intertrochanteric fracture fixation on the outcomes of a subsequent THA for osteoarthritis.MethodsThis is a matched retrospective cohort study of THA between 43 patients who suffered a prior intertrochanteric fracture successfully managed with internal fixation and 43 patients without prior hip fracture. Mean age was 73.6 vs 74.2 years. A conventional cementless THA was used in both groups. Functional outcome was assessed by the Harris hip score (HHS) and reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire. Radiological assessment was also performed.ResultsMean follow-up was 6.6 (range, 5-8) years. The mean operative time and blood transfusion rate were significantly higher in the fracture group (P = .001), but there was no significant difference in the length of stay. HHS significantly improved in both groups. At final follow-up, HHS was significantly higher in nonfracture group (P = .008), but the rate of patients with excellent and good outcomes was similar (P = .616). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score at the final follow-up was not different between groups (P = .058). Complication rate was similar between groups. There were no revisions, dislocations, or loose implants in the study group.ConclusionCementless THA provided successful functional outcomes and implant durability at medium term in patients treated for osteoarthritis following healed intertrochanteric fracture fixation, comparable to those without prior fracture who underwent primary THA. Surgical complexity and complication rate were low.     

Better functional outcome of salvage THA than bipolar hemiarthroplasty for failed intertrochanteric femur fracture fixation

Failure of intertrochanteric fracture fixation often occurs in patients who have poor bone quality, severe osteoporosis, or unstable fracture patterns. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with bipolar hemiarthroplasty as the salvage procedures for failed fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. Eighteen consecutive patients who were treated for failed intertrochanteric fracture fixation were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups of salvage procedures: THA (9 patients) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (9 patients). In the THA group, mean Harris Hip Score (HHS), visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Salvati and Wilson score were 82.1, 0.9, and 31.3, retrospectively. In the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group, mean HHS, VAS score, and Salvati and Wilson score were 68.6, 3.1 and 25.1, retrospectively. Total hip arthroplasty was better than bipolar hemiarthroplasty treatment in HHS (P=.040), VAS score (P=.001), and Salvati and Wilson score (P=.033). There were no significant differences in hospital stay, operating time, and transfusion volume between the 2 groups. Total hip arthroplasty seems to be more reliable salvage procedure for failed intertrochanteric fracture fixation in functional outcome and pain relief.     

Total hip arthroplasty for arthritis following acetabular fractures—evaluation of radiological,functional and quality of life parameters

IntroductionTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) has been termed as ‘operation of the century’ as it provides a stable and mobile hip to patients who are debilitated by pathologies affecting the hip. Acetabular fractures pose a challenge for their initial management as well for the management of secondary osteoarthritis which is often the outcome of these fractures. The study attempts to evaluate the short term radiological, functional and quality of life outcomes of THA done in patients with prior acetabular fractures and to find a correlation between various factors.Materials and methods47 patients who provided consent for this retrospective study were clinically and radiologically evaluated at their latest follow up. Ratios of horizontal offset, vertical offset, body lever arm and cup inclination were calculated with respect to the opposite normal hip on a radiograph. Questionnaires were filled up for Harris Hip Score (HHS), Short form -12, Short Musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA) and WHO-quality of life (WHO-QoL).ResultsHHS and quality of life scores had a tendency to improve over time. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted between scores of patients having less than 2 years follow up and more than 4 years follow-up. The HHS, radiological and quality of life parameters were not statistically significantly different when analysed based on acetabular fracture pattern, their primary management and aetiology necessitating the THA.ConclusionThe short term radiological, functional and quality of life parameters are dependent on the accuracy of the THA performed and are not significantly affected by the fracture type, initial management and outcomes of that management. However, longer follow up is necessary to evaluate these parameters even more accurately.     

Total hip arthroplasty for posttraumatic arthritis after acetabular fracture

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes for posttraumatic arthritis after acetabular fracture have yielded inferior results compared to primary nontraumatic THA. Recently, improved results have been demonstrated using cementless acetabular reconstruction. Thirty-two patients underwent THA for posttraumatic arthritis after acetabular fracture; 24 were treated with open reduction internal fixation, and 8 were managed conservatively. Time from fracture to THA was 36 months (6-227 months). Average follow-up was 4.7 years (2.0-9.7 years). Harris Hip score increased from 28 (0-56) to 82 points (20-100). Six patients required revision. Five-year survival with revision, loosening, dislocation, or infection as an end point was 79%. Survival for aseptic acetabular loosening was 97%. Revision surgery correlated with nonanatomic restoration of the hip center and a history of infection (P < .05). Despite obvious challenges, advances in fracture management and cementless acetabular fixation in THA demonstrate improved results for posttraumatic arthritis following acetabular fracture.     

Outcomes of free vascularized fibular graft for post-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head

IntroductionOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) can occur after traumatic injuries of the hip. Surgical treatment with total hip arthroplasty (THA) may not produce lifelong viability in younger patients. Free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) has become a reliable method to delay or even avoid THA in this patient population by aiming to correct loss of viable bone through vascularized autologous bone transfer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longevity and outcomes of FVFG for traumatic hip injuries resulting in ONFH.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our institutional database of patients who had undergone FVFG from 1980-2006 for post-traumatic ONFH and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Data collected included demographics, pre-operative Urbaniak ONFH staging, Harris Hip scores (HHS), SF-12 scores, and conversion to THA.ResultsSeventy-two hips in 68 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 11.6 years (range 5.1–33.2 years). Etiology included femoral neck fracture in 36 patients (61%), hip dislocation in 7 (12%), trauma without fracture or dislocation in 11 (19%), and femoral neck nonunion in 5 (8%). The most common stage at presentation was stage IV (48 patients). Graft survival at final follow-up (mean 10.9 years) was 64%, with mean time to conversion to THA of 8.4 years in those that did not survive (36%). There was no difference between THA conversion rates in hips with pre-collapse (Stage I and II) versus impending or post-collapse (Stage III or IV) lesions (p = 0.227). In hips with surviving grafts at final follow-up, mean HHS improved from 56.7 to 77.3 (SD 24.57, range 69–93), a mean improvement of 20.6 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study reveals improvement in HHS in surviving FVFG and an acceptable overall THA conversion rate at mid to long term follow-up in Urbaniak stage I through IV hips. FVFG remains a viable option for treatment in younger patients with pre- and post-collapse (stage IV) ONFH lesions secondary to hip trauma.     

髋臼骨折内固定失败术后的全髋关节置换术

目的:探讨髋臼骨折内固定失败术后继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术的特点及临床疗效。方法:2009年2月至2014年10月,采用全髋关节置换术对31例(31髋)髋臼骨折内固定失败继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死患者进行治疗,其中男26例,女5例;受伤时平均年龄(41±12)岁。患者因髋臼骨折内固定术后3~132个月,平均(20.6±26.9)个月内继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死而行全髋关节置换术,全髋关节置换术均采用后外侧入路。观察术后并发症和关节活动度,并比较术前和术后随访时髋关节VAS疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分。结果:术后27例获得随访,随访时间12~80个月,平均(43.2±11.7)个月。其中出现关节感染1例,假体松动1例,脱位1例,无继发坐骨神经损伤病例发生。所有随访病例髋关节功能和步态有明显改善;至末次随访时,VAS由术前平均(7.6±1.2)分,降低到术后平均(1.2±0.9)分,Harris评分由术前平均(45.5±13.6)分,提高到术后平均(88.5±7.8)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。髋关节除后伸外,前屈、外展、内收、内旋及外旋活动范围较术前显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线片复查示:髋臼假体无不稳定发生,1例股骨柄假体下沉3 mm,2例发生异位骨化。结论:正确处理内固定物,提防潜在感染,合理重建髋臼骨缺损,是髋臼骨折内固定失败术后全髋关节置换成功的关键。     

Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty After Acetabular Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in the Elderly—Acute vs Delayed Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundOptimum management for the elderly acetabular fracture remains undefined. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in this population does not allow early weight-bearing and has an increased risk of failure. This study aimed to define outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the setting of an acetabular fracture and compared delayed THA after acetabular ORIF (ORIF delayed THA) and acute fixation and THA (ORIF acute THA).MethodsAll acetabular fractures in patients older than 60 years who underwent ORIF between 2007 and 2018 were reviewed (n = 85). Of those, 14 underwent ORIF only initially and required subsequent THA (ORIF delayed THA). Twelve underwent an acute THA at the time of the ORIF (ORIF acute THA). The ORIF acute THA group was older (81 ± 7 vs 76 ± 8; P < .01) but had no other demographic- or injury-related differences compared with the ORIF delayed THA group. Outcome measures included operative time, length of stay, complications, radiographic assessments (component orientation, leg-length discrepancy, heterotopic ossification), and functional outcomes using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS).ResultsOperative time (P = .1) and length of stay (P = .5) for the initial surgical procedure (ORIF only or ORIF THA) were not different between groups. Four patients had a complication and required further surgeries; no difference was seen between groups. Radiographic assessments were similar between groups. The ORIF acute THA group had a significantly better OHS (40.1 ± 3.9) than the ORIF delayed THA group (33.6 ± 8.5) (P = .03).ConclusionIn elderly acetabulum fractures, ORIF acute THA compared favorably (a better OHS, single operation/hospital visit, equivalent complications) with ORIF delayed THA. We would thus recommend that in patients with risk factors for failure requiring delayed THA (eg, dome or roof impaction) that ORIF acute THA be strongly considered.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty via direct anterior approach for osteonecrosis; comparison with primary hip osteoarthritis in a mid term follow up

BackgroundTo determine the mid-term outcomes of conventional cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in patients with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head and compare to patients with primary hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodA total of 330 consecutive primary THA procedures (AVN and OA) performed between 2010 and 2013 by a single surgeon and in a single center using the direct anterior approach (DAA) were included. Assessments including SF-36, WOMAC, and Harris Hip Scores (HHS) were retrieved from patients before the surgery and at the latest follow-up. Clinical and functional outcomes were compared between the AVN and OA groups.ResultsA total of 294 consecutive THA (AVN = 107, OA = 187) with 104.4 ± 6.2 months follow-up were analyzed, which AVN patients were significantly younger (32.0 vs. 59.6 y/o). Corticosteroid 34 (31.8%), idiopathic AVN 31 (29.0%) and use of unapproved weight gain supplements (UWGS) 23 (21.5%) were the main reasons for AVN. Despite that preoperative scores were comparable (P > 0.05), the HHS, SF-36, and WOMAC scores are significantly higher in the AVN group after THA surgery (P < 0.05). Moreover, flexion and abduction ROM were significantly higher in the AVN group (P < 0.05). Regarding each complication, no significant difference was observed between groups. In the whole sample, there were 5 (1.7%) revisions due to loosening of acetabular components, all the OA group (P > 0.05).ConclusionConventional cementless THA with highly cross-linked polyethylene provides satisfactory mid-term results in patients with AVN with a low rate of postoperative complications. Compared to primary OA patients, this group reaches superior postoperative scores.     

Long-Term Outcomes of Cementing Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Liners Into Well-Fixed Acetabular Shells in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundCementing a new liner into a secure, well-positioned metallic shell can be a less-invasive strategy in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to report the mean 14-year outcomes of cementing highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) liners into well-fixed acetabular shells in revision THAs.MethodsThis study reviewed a single-surgeon series of cementing XLPE liners into well-fixed acetabular components. Of the 52 hips (51 patients) evaluated, 48 hips (47 patients) that satisfied a minimum follow-up of 10 years were included. The Harris Hip score was used for clinical evaluation. Final hip radiographs were used to determine the extent of acetabular osteolysis and stability of the components. The mean age at index operation was 53 years (range, 32 to 72). The mean follow-up duration was 14 years (range, 10 to 18).ResultsThe mean Harris Hip score improved from 58 points (range, 23-81) preoperatively to 91 points (range, 45-100) at the final evaluation (P < .001). A total of 3 acetabular rerevisions were performed, all for aseptic loosening of the outer shell. One postoperative dislocation occurred, but it was successfully treated with a closed reduction. Final radiographs showed a significant reduction in acetabular osteolysis (P < .001). Implant survivorship free from any rerevision was 93.3% (95% confidence interval, 85.9-100%) at 14 years.ConclusionCementing an XLPE liner into a well-fixed acetabular shell in revision THA demonstrated excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes at a mean of 14 years postoperatively. This technique could be a safe and durable option in the absence of XLPE liners compatible with preimplanted shells.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月至2014年6月收治的33例(33髋)髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者资料,男21例,女12例;年龄22~65岁,平均44.6岁。均采用生物型假体行全髋关节置换术治疗。采用Harris评分对患者术前后的髋关节功能进行评分,拍X线片对假体状态进行影像学评估。结果:所有患者获得随访,随访时间7~38个月,平均21.6个月。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分从术前平均(53.6±2.4)分提高至(94.0±3.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=55.37,P0.05),髋关节功能明显改善。影像学评估显示假体位置良好,无假体松动、关节脱位及明显假体周围骨溶解等并发症。结论:全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的有效治疗手段,髋臼骨折内固定材料显露困难但不影响假体安放,行全髋置换术可不取出。     

Femoral neck shortening in adult patients under the age of 55 years is associated with worse functional outcomes: Analysis of the prospective multi-center study of hip fracture outcomes in China (SHOC)

IntroductionYoung femoral neck fracture patients require surgical fixation to preserve the native hip joint and accommodate increased functional demands. Recent reports have identified a high incidence of fracture shortening and this may have negative functional consequences. We sought to determine if fracture shortening is associated with poor functional outcome in young femoral neck fracture patients.Patients and methodsOne hundred and forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures age 18–55 were recruited in this prospective cohort study across three Level 1 trauma hospitals in Mainland China. Patient-reported and objective functional outcomes were measured with the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and SF-36 Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS) at 12 months. Radiographic fracture shortening was measured along the long axis of the femoral neck and corrected for magnification. Severe shortening was defined as ≥10 mm. The primary analysis measured associations between severe radiographic shortening and HHS at one-year post-fixation.ResultsOne hundred and two patients had complete radiographic and functional outcomes available for analysis at one year. The mean age of participants was 43.7 ± 10.8 years and 53% were male. Fifty-five percent of fractures were displaced and 37% were vertically orientated (Pauwels Type 3). The mean functional outcome scores were: HHS 90.0 ± 10.8, TUG 12.0 ± 5.1 s, and PCS 48.5 ± 8.6. Severe shortening occurred in 13% of patients and was associated with worse functional outcome scores: HHS mean difference 9.9 (p = 0.025), TUG mean difference 3.2 s (p = 0.082), and PCS mean difference 5.4 (p = 0.055).ConclusionsSevere shortening is associated with clinically important decreases in functional outcome as measured by HHS following fixation of young femoral neck fractures, occurring in 13% of patients in this population. The principle of fracture site compression utilized by modern constructs may promote healing; however, excessive shortening is associated with worse patient-reported outcomes and objective functional measures.     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良（DDH）时不同方式髋臼重建对疗效的影响。方法 2000年1月至2007年10月,36例（44髋）先天性髋臼发育不良患者进行了全髋关节置换。年龄42～65岁,平均48岁。术前Harris评分平均为49.9分,双下肢长度差异平均为1.8 cm,髋关节平均活动度：屈曲59.6°,外展21.6°,内收13.9°,外旋10°,内旋8.2°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,髋臼内移14髋,髋臼内陷成形术18髋,自体股骨头结构性植骨12髋。髋臼侧均选用非骨水泥型假体。疗效评价：根据Harris评分分为优、良、可、差四级。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间1.8～9.2年,平均5.1年。平均Harris评分由术前的49.9分恢复到术后的90.1分,两者比较有统计学差异（P〈0.01,t=28.807）,其中评定为优23髋、良17髋、可4髋,术后优良率达90.9%。术后髋关节平均活动度：屈曲105°,外展35°,内收15.8°,外旋45°,内旋15°。本组病例无肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成、感染等并发症发生。X线检查示假体无松动移位,无翻修病例。结论全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良采用恰当的髋臼重建结合非骨水泥型髋臼假体可获得满意中远期疗效。     

Long-term patient reported outcomes following acetabular fracture fixation

IntroductionPatient reported outcome scores may be the preferred method to assess clinical results following acetabular fracture fixation. However, in current acetabular fracture research, there is a scarcity of studies using these scores and long-term follow-up is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe long-term patient reported outcomes following acetabular fracture surgery and to evaluate the association between reduction quality and these outcome measures.MethodsPatients who received operative fixation for acetabular fractures (1992–2012) were sent questionnaires (short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA) function index and short form (SF)-12), which was returned by 106 patients (22%) (mean age 51 years, 74% male). Mean follow-up was 11.3 years and hip survivorship 78%. Reduction quality was assessed on postoperative CT or plain pelvic radiography (PXR) (3 patients). Reductions were graded as adequate (CT: <1 mm step and <5 mm gap/PXR: ≤3 mm displacement) or inadequate (CT: ≥1 mm step and/or ≥5 mm gap/PXR: >3 mm displacement). Outcome scores between native hip versus total hip arthroplasty (THA) and adequate versus inadequate reduction groups were compared and association between reduction quality and hip survivorship was determined. Subgroup analysis was performed in older patients (≥50 years).ResultsPatients with native hips reported overall superior relevant outcome scores (SMFA function index (p = 0.047), mobility (p = 0.048) and SF-12 physical component (p = 0.008)) compared to THA patients. Hip survivorship was associated with adequate reductions (p = 0.019). In the native hip group, an adequate reduction was also associated with lower (better) clinical scores (exceeding the minimal clinical important difference) (MCID) specifically for SMFA function index (p = 0.117) and mobility (p = 0.022). In elderly patients, the native hip versus THA group had similar outcomes, and adequate reductions were associated with hip survivorship as well as superior clinical scores (at least exceeding the MCID) in those who retained their native hip.ConclusionAt long-term follow-up, acetabular fracture surgery is associated with excellent patient reported outcomes. Patients who retain their native hip have overall superior relevant (SMFA and SF-12) function scores compared to those who convert to THA. Adequate reductions (on CT) were associated with both hip survivorship and superior outcome scores in patients who retain their hip.     

Dual-mobility cups in total hip arthroplasty after femoral neck fractures: A retrospective study comparing outcomes between cemented and cementless fixation

IntroductionTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) is associated with an increased risk of dislocation. The goals of our study were (1) to determine dislocation and revision rates when dual-mobility cups (DMCs) are used in these patients, (2) to analyze clinical and radiographic outcomes, survivorship, complications and mortality rate, and (3) to compare results between cemented and cementless cups.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with FNF treated using DMC-THA between 2011 and 2018. A minimum 2-year follow-up was required for clinical and radiographic assessment. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Merlé D´Aubigné-Postel score (MDP). Radiolucent lines, osteolysis and cup loosening were analyzed.ResultsWe included 105 patients (105 hips) with a mean age of 75.5 years. There were no dislocations. One patient (1.0%) underwent cup revision at 39 months for aseptic cup loosening. The mean HHS and MDP were 80.5 and 14.2 respectively at a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. A higher MDP was found in patients with cementless rather than cemented cups (15.0 vs. 13.1; p = 0.006). Four patients had radiolucent lines > 1 mm, around cemented cups. At 6.8 years, estimated cup survival was 98.2% for revision for aseptic loosening and 97.3% for revision for any reason. The mortality rates were 6.7% at 1 year and 23.8% at last follow-up.ConclusionOur findings suggest that using DMC in THA for FNF may prevent dislocation with a low revision rate. Cementless cups had a higher MDP than cemented cups.     

Surgical results and factors influencing outcome in patients with posterior wall acetabular fracture

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of open reduction and internal fixation in a large series of posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum and to identify the factors that affect the outcomes in this case series. One hundred twenty-one patients who had undergone open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum were assessed at a mean of 53 months (range, 24–163) after surgery. The functional outcome was evaluated with use of the modified Merle d'Aubigne scoring system, the Harris Hip Score (HHS), and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Final follow-up radiographs were graded according to Matta's radiologic criteria. Patient, fracture, and radiographic variables were analyzed to identify possible associations with functional and radiographic outcome. The quality of fracture reduction on postoperative radiographs was anatomical in 115 hips (95.0%), satisfactory in 6 cases (5.0%), and unsatisfactory in none. Final modified d'Aubignè scores were excellent in 45 hips (40.2%), good in 52 (46.4%), fair in 7 (6.3%), and poor in 8 (7.1%). Mean HHS was 91.5 ± 8.9 (48–100). The SF-36 scores were similar with respect to age and sex-matched norms, but physical domains in males remained lower in comparison with the normal population. The early reduction of an associated hip dislocation and quality of surgical reduction were strong positive predictors of functional and radiographic outcomes at follow-up, whereas associated injuries and the existence of pre-operative nerve palsy were negative predictors of patients' functionality. This study of surgically treated fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum has shown that functional and radiographic results are satisfactory in most patients, provided that prompt reduction of an associated hip dislocation and anatomical reduction of the fracture are carried out. Associated injuries and nerve lesions affect the final functional outcome.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty with metal on metal bearing for ceramic bearing fractures

BackgroundDue to concern of potential metallosis caused by residual microscopic ceramic particles, metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing is deemed undesirable in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for ceramic bearing fracture. We determined whether MoM bearing is suitable to be used in revision THA for ceramic fractures and also evaluated whether this treatment increases serum iron levels compared with MoM bearing revision THA for polyethylene failure.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2012, 22 patients underwent revision surgery using MoM bearing (28 mm femoral head in 18 hips and 32 mm in 4 hips) for ceramic bearing fracture and followed average 52.1 months. We assessed radiological parameter and functional outcome using Harris hip score (HHS) and WOMAC score. Also, serum cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) blood tests were performed and compared with the result obtained from age, sex- and follow-up duration-matched patients with MoM revision THA for failed polyethylene bearing.ResultsThe mean HHS improved from 60.6 preoperatively to 90.3 at final follow-up. There were no changes in cup position, progression of osteolytic lesions, and measurable wear of MoM bearing articulation at final follow-up radiographs. There was one case of recurrent dislocation after surgery, which was treated with greater trochanter distal advancement and one case of deep infection, which underwent two-stage revision. Mean serum Co level (1.7 vs. 1.4 μg/dl; p = 0.211) and Cr level (0.70 vs. 1.01 μg/dl; p = 0.327) showed no significant difference.ConclusionsMoM articulation with liner cementation into the acetabular cup along with total synovectomy can be chosen in revision surgery for ceramic fracture with good midterm follow-up. However, the use of MoM bearing is indicated when the stem and metal shell can be retained and ceramic on ceramic or ceramic on polyethylene bearing cannot be selected. Also long-term outcome needs to be further evaluated.     

The Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty for Severe Dysplasia (Crowe III and IV) Provides Satisfactory Medium to Long-Term Outcomes

BackgroundThe direct anterior approach (DAA) is increasingly used for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although the DAA can reduce pain, recovery time, and dislocations in nondysplastic hips, few studies report its results in patients with severe dysplasia. We aimed to evaluate outcomes of primary THA through the DAA with cup placement at the true acetabulum in hips with severe dysplasia.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 23 consecutive patients (29 hips) who underwent THA by DAA for osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe III-IV dysplasia. Surgical procedures were performed on a traction table, and the acetabular cup was placed in the true acetabulum. Patients were assessed clinically (complications, modified Harris Hip Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Oxford Hip Score) and radiographically (radiolucencies, subsidence, leg length discrepancies, cup inclination, and cup coverage) at a minimum of 2 years.ResultsOne patient (2 hips) died with original implants (at 13 and 14 years), 3 patients (3 hips) were revised due to wear-induced loosening (at 14, 16, and 18 years), and there were no dislocations or infections. The remaining 19 patients (24 hips) were assessed at 8.4 ± 4.7 years (range 2-20); 2 patients (2 hips) had complications that required reoperation without implant removal. The modified Harris Hip Score improved from 32 ± 9 to 94 ± 7, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index from 46 ± 18 to 90 ± 7, and Oxford Hip Score was 56 ± 4. Patients were very satisfied (90%) or satisfied (10%). Limb length discrepancy was 2.5 ± 9.0 mm.ConclusionTHA through the DAA with cup placement at the true acetabulum provides satisfactory mid to long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to other approaches for hips with severe dysplasia.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, retrospective cohort study.