大鼠肝移植排斥反应时γ干扰素及白细胞介素10的表达及意义

目的 探讨大鼠肝移植排斥反应时γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素10(IL-10)的表达及意义.方法 采用改良的Kamada"二袖套法"制备大鼠原位肝移植模型,同系移植组供、受者均为SD大鼠;同种异体移植组的供者为Wistar大鼠,受者为SD大鼠;另设假手术组.术后7 d处死动物,观察移植肝脏的组织学变化,检测血清IFN-γ和IL-10的含量,以及移植肝脏内IFN-γ和IL-10 mRNA的表达.结果 同种异体移植组移植肝脏有较多坏死肝细胞,汇管区及中央静脉周围可见以淋巴细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润,胆管上皮细胞可见胞浆空泡变性、核固缩或碎裂,整个肝小叶结构紊乱.同系移植组肝脏组织结构仅有轻度缺血再灌注损伤表现,汇管区有较少炎症细胞浸润,胆管上皮细胞结构和肝小叶结构基本正常.同种异体移植组血清IFN-γ为(386.7±14.4)Pg/ml,明显高于同系移植组的(159.8±16.5)pg/ml(P<0.05);同种异体移植组血清IL-10为(126.3±13.1)pg/ml,明显低于同系移植组的(288.3±17.1)pg/ml(P<0.05).同种异体移植组移植肝组织内IF-γ mRNA表达水平明显高于同系移植组(P<0.05),而IL-10 rnRNA表达水平明显低于同系移植组(P<0.05).结论 大鼠肝移植排斥反应时IFN-γ表达明显升高,IL-10表达明显降低;T_H1/T_H2型细胞因子的动态平衡可能在大鼠肝移植排斥反应中起着重要作用.     

第三方骨髓间充质干细胞诱导同种异体移植受体免疫耐受机制的研究

目的 初步研究第三方骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)诱导同种异体移植受体免疫耐受的作用机制.方法 40只雌性C57BL/6小鼠作为供体,40只雄性BALB/C小鼠作为受体,建立稳定的同种异体皮肤移植模型,BMSCs取自SD大鼠骨髓.将40只BALB/C小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只.①空白对照组:只进行皮肤移植,未给予其他治疗;②环磷酰胺组(CP组):大剂量环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)腹腔注射,200 mg/kg,连用2 d(q.d.);③单纯给予SD-BMSCs移植组(SD-BMSCs组):移植当天自受体小鼠尾静脉输注2×106个SD-BMSCs;④细胞药物联合应用组(CP+SD-BMSCs组):大剂量CP腹腔注射,200 mg/kg,连用2 d(q.d.),并于移植当天自受体小鼠尾静脉输注2×106个SD-BMSCs.检测指标包括:移植皮片存活情况;SD大鼠BMSCs表面抗原CD29、CD34、CD45和CD90鉴定;流式细胞仪检测受体脾脏调节性T细胞(CD4+、CD25+、Foxp3+、Treg细胞)的比例;ELISA检测受体外周血TGF-β、IL-10、IFN-γ的含量;异基因T淋巴细胞与经60Co照射的不同来源BMSCs共培养后,MTT法测定异基因T淋巴细胞增殖的情况.结果 CP+SD-BMSCs组皮肤移植物存活时间为(15.7 ±1.4)d,空白对照组为(6.1±1.1)d,CP组为(12.3±1.5)d,SD-BMSCs组为(12.6±1.8)d,CP+SD-BMSCs组皮肤移植物存活时间明显比后3组延长(P＜0.05).全骨髓贴壁培养的BMSCs表面抗原鉴定:CD29+、CD44+分别为99.7%和96.7%,CD34-、CD45-分别为1.6%和1.3%.流式细胞仪检测Treg含量SD-BMSCs组和CP+SD-BMSCs组明显高于空白对照组和CP组(P＜0.05);ELISA检测受体外局血SD-BMSCs组和CP组TGF-β和IL-10明显高于空白对照组,SD-BMSCs和CP组IFN-γ则明显低于空白对照组(P＜0.05);共培养结果显示:来源于C57小鼠和SD大鼠的BMSCs可以明显抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖反应(P＜0.05),而上述两组组间比较差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 第三方BMSCs诱导同种异体移植免疫耐受作用可能与诱导受体Treg细胞增殖和促进免疫耐受因子的表达,抑制免疫排斥因子的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) in the allogeneic transplantation. Methods Forty female C57BL/ 6 mice and forty male BALB/C mice were respectively used as donors and recipients in skin allogenic graft model. Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group, CP group, BMSCs group , CP + BMSCs group , with 10 mice in each group. Before skin graft, high-dose abdominal injection of cyclophosphamide ( 200 mg/kg,2 d,q. d. ) was performed in recipient mice in CP and CP + BMSCs groups. On the transplantation day, a bonus of 2 x 106 BMSCs from the SD rat (SD-BMSCs) were injected through the tail vein in the BMSCs and CP + BMSCs groups. The observation and HE staining of skin grafts were used. The expressions of CD29, CD34, CD45 and CD90 of cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry in order to identify BMSCs. The CD4+ , CD25+ , Foxp3+ and Treg cells of spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine in peripheral blood of recipient mice were measured by ELISA,including TGF-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ. T cells were co-cultured with 60 Co-irradiated bone marrow MSCs from different individuals. The proliferative activity of T cells were evaluated with MTT assay. Results The skin graft survival time was significantly prolonged in the CP + BMSCs group, as compared with that in the blank control group, the CP group, the BMSCs group, respectively. Cells cultured by whole bone marrow adherent cultivation showed CD29+ (99.7% ) ,CD44+ (96.7% ) ,CD34 (1.6% ) ,CD45( 1. 3% ). Compared with the control group and CP group, the ratio of the CD4+ ,CD25+ ,Foxp3+ and Treg cells significantly increased in the SD-BMSCs group and CP + BMSCs group (P ＜ 0. 05). Analysis of peripheral blood by ELISA showed significant high level of TGF-β, IL-10 and low level of IFN-γ in BMSCs group and CP group, compared with that in control group. When co-cultured with BMSCs from different individuals, T- lymphocytes proliferation decreased apparently in SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P ＜ 0. 05) , but there was no significant difference between SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The immunotolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the allogeneic transplantation might be associated with its effect on the proliferation of Treg cells and increasing expression of TGF-β and IL-10, decreasing expression of IFN-γ.     

脾动脉缩窄对门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of splenic artery coarctation on the expression of iNOS and Th1/Th2 cytokines in spleen of cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension (PHT). Methods Cirrhotic rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10):sham operation group (SOG), splenic artery coarctation group (SAC) and splenic artery ligation group (SAL). Ten normal rats treated with sham operation were employed to serve as normal control group (NCG). Immunohistochemial staining was used to observe iNOS. RT-PCR was used to detect IFN-γ and IL-4mRNA. The Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between iNOS and IFN-γ or IL-4. Results The expression of iNOS was increased significantly in spleen of cirrhotic rats as compared with NCG(P＜0. 01). It was decreased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 01). The expression of IFN-γmRNA and IFN-γ/IL-4 of SOG were decreased but IL-4mRNA increased significantly than that of NCG(P＜0.01). IFN-γmRNA was increased after SAC compared with SOG (P＜0.05). IL-4mRNA was decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 05). The expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γmRNA(r=-0.672, P＜ 0.01 ) and positively correlated with the expression of IL-4 mRNA (r=0.634,P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expression of iNOS is decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC in spleen of cirrhotic rats with PHT and it may improve Th1/Th2 polarization by reducing the expression of iNOS.     

脾动脉缩窄对门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of splenic artery coarctation on the expression of iNOS and Th1/Th2 cytokines in spleen of cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension (PHT). Methods Cirrhotic rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10):sham operation group (SOG), splenic artery coarctation group (SAC) and splenic artery ligation group (SAL). Ten normal rats treated with sham operation were employed to serve as normal control group (NCG). Immunohistochemial staining was used to observe iNOS. RT-PCR was used to detect IFN-γ and IL-4mRNA. The Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between iNOS and IFN-γ or IL-4. Results The expression of iNOS was increased significantly in spleen of cirrhotic rats as compared with NCG(P＜0. 01). It was decreased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 01). The expression of IFN-γmRNA and IFN-γ/IL-4 of SOG were decreased but IL-4mRNA increased significantly than that of NCG(P＜0.01). IFN-γmRNA was increased after SAC compared with SOG (P＜0.05). IL-4mRNA was decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 05). The expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γmRNA(r=-0.672, P＜ 0.01 ) and positively correlated with the expression of IL-4 mRNA (r=0.634,P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expression of iNOS is decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC in spleen of cirrhotic rats with PHT and it may improve Th1/Th2 polarization by reducing the expression of iNOS.     

Analysis of anti-zona pellucida antibody and tumor necrosis factor-α,γ-interferon and interleukin-2 in sera from patients with premature ovarian failure

Objective:To investigate the role and the clinical significance of anti-zona pellucidaantibody (AzpAb) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),γ-interferon(IFN-γ) and inter-leukin-2 (IL-2) in sera from patients with premature ovarian failure (POF).Methods: The AzpAb in the serum of POF patient was analyzed by means ofELISA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ in the serum were determined by meansof radioimmunoassay (RIA).Results:The level of serum AzpAb in the POF patients was significantly higher thanthat of the normal controls(P＜0.001). The levels of TNF-α and IL-2 were significantlyreduced (P＜0. 001), and the level of IFN-γ was significantly elevated (P＜0.01). Thelevels of above three cytokines in AzpAb positive group were significantly higher thanthose of the negative group in POF patients.Conclusion: This study suggested that AzpAb, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 might playimportant roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune POF.     

联合腰-硬镇痛对分娩产妇IL-1β、IL-10及T细胞亚群的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia(CSEA) on immunological function and Th1/Th2 balance by observing the levels of serum T-lymphocyte subsets,IL-1β and IL-10 during labor in maternity.Methods Fifty healthy primipara expecting spontaneous labor were randomly divided into two groups(n=25).CSEA was performed with 20 μg fentanyl for lumbar analgesia and with complex of ropivacaine(0.1%) and fentanyl(2 μg/ml) for epidural analgesia in group Ⅰ,and no labor analgesia was given in group Ⅱ.Serum cortisol,IL-1β,IL-10 and T lymphocyte subsets was detected at cervical dilation of 2 cm-3 cm (T1),fetal disengagement (T2) and 24 h after childbirth (T3).Labor progress,VAS and neonatal Apgar score were recorded.Results The active phase of the first labor stage significantly shortened in group Ⅰ compared to that in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05),without difference in neonatal Apgar score between two groups.Along with labor progress,the level of serum IL-1β markedly increased in two groups,and the levels of cortisol,IL-1β and IL-10 were obviously decreased at T2 in group Ⅰ compared to those in group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).The levels of serum CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+ decreased in both groups,with significant reduction at T3 (P＜0.05) and more significant in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Conclusion CSEA shortens the active delivery phase in the first stage of labor and alleviates pain stress-induced inhibition on immune function and may benefit the balance of Th1/Th2 in maternity.     

弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间

目的 探讨弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液(STAgs)延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间的作用及其作用机制.方法 通过在冰浴中超声粉碎弓形虫速殖子制备弓形虫STAgs.实验分为3组,每组受者9只.STAgs组和急性排斥反应(AR)组:供者为Balb/c小鼠,受者为C57BL/6小鼠,移植前4 d两组受者分别皮下注射STAgs 5μg和磷酸盐缓冲液100μl,同系对照组供、受者均为C57BL/6小鼠,术前未进行任何处理.分组后建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型.术后观察移植心脏存活时间,术后第7天每组处死3只受者,获取移植心脏行病理学检查观察排斥反应,采用免疫组织化学检测移植心中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞.结果 同系移植组在观察终点100 d时均存活,AR组和STAgs组移植心脏存活时间分别为(6.7±0.5)和(70.8±3.5)d,3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第7天,同系移植组、AR组和STAgs组移植心排斥反应分级分别为0级、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级和0～Ⅰ级;免疫组织化学检测显示STAgs组CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞比例明显少于AR组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 弓形虫STAgs能显著延长小鼠移植心脏的存活时间,减轻移植心脏的排斥反应,县体机制可能与弓形虫STAgs可影响TH1/TH2比例相关,也可能通过刺激机体产生脂氧素A4抑制树突状细胞活化发挥作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of T. gondii soluble tachyzoite antigen (STAgs) on the survival time of mouse heart allograft and the possible mechanism. Methods The STAgs were prepared by pulverizing T. gondii tachyzoite with ultrasound on ice. Cervical heterotopic heart transplantations were done by using Balb/c mice as donors, and C57BL/6 mice as recipients.The recipients were classified randomly into three groups: syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group. The recipients in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 0. 1 ml PBS and 0. 1 ml (5 μg) STAgs at the 4th day before transplantation respectively, and those in syngeneic group were not subjected to any treatment. The grafts were observed daily by cervical palpation, and the total cessation of cardiac contraction was defined as the endpoint. The heart allografts were harvested at the 7th day after transplantation for pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ T, CD8+ T. Results The recipients in syngeneic group were all alive at the 100th day after transplantation. The average survival time in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was (6.7± 0.5) days and (70.8± 3.5) days,respectively (P＜0.05). HE staining showed that the rejection on the 7th day after transplantation in syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was fallen into 0 degree, Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree and 0- Ⅰ degree, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the CD4+ T and CD8+T were markedly down-regulated in STAgs-treated group as compared with those in acute rejection group. Conclusion T. gondii STAgs can significantly prolong the survival time of mouse heart allograft and inhibit the rejection probably by changing the ratio of TH1/TH2, or inhibiting the effect of dendritic cells by inducing the lipoxin A4.     

骨髓来源半成熟树突状细胞诱导大鼠小肠移植免疫耐受

Objective To study MyD88 silent semi-mature DC (simDC) inducing immune tolerance in rat small bowel transplantation model. Methods All rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). Seven days before transplantation of intestine from F344 donors, Wistar recipient rats were injected with simDC (group A) , imDC (group B) and saline ( group C) through the penile dorsal vein respectively.Small bowel transplantation was performed and the survival time of recipients was observed. Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were assayed. Results The survival time of recipients in group A was ( 13.7±1.2) days, which was significantly longer than that in groups B [(8.0±1.0) days,P<0. 05] and C [(6. 0±0. 8) days P<0. 05]. The serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in group A were lower than in groups B and C (P<0. 05). Conclusion Depending on the unique phenotypic and functional features of sem-DC,they can induce the transplantation tolerance and prolong the survival of intestinal allografts after transplantatin.     

骨髓来源半成熟树突状细胞诱导大鼠小肠移植免疫耐受

Objective To study MyD88 silent semi-mature DC (simDC) inducing immune tolerance in rat small bowel transplantation model. Methods All rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). Seven days before transplantation of intestine from F344 donors, Wistar recipient rats were injected with simDC (group A) , imDC (group B) and saline ( group C) through the penile dorsal vein respectively.Small bowel transplantation was performed and the survival time of recipients was observed. Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were assayed. Results The survival time of recipients in group A was ( 13.7±1.2) days, which was significantly longer than that in groups B [(8.0±1.0) days,P<0. 05] and C [(6. 0±0. 8) days P<0. 05]. The serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in group A were lower than in groups B and C (P<0. 05). Conclusion Depending on the unique phenotypic and functional features of sem-DC,they can induce the transplantation tolerance and prolong the survival of intestinal allografts after transplantatin.     

Changes of interleukin-1 β, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in brain and plasma after brain injury in rats

Objective: To study the changes of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine levels and injury severity in rats. Methods. A total of 51 male Wistar rats, weighing 280-340g, were anesthetized with chloral hydrate(400 mg/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection and fixed on a stereotaxic instrument. Severe brain injury was created in 16 rats (severe injury group) and moderate brain injury in 18 rats (moderate injury group) by a fluid percussion model, and cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 were measured with biological assay. And sham operation was made on the other 17 rats (control group). Results: In the control group, the levels of IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 were hardly detected in the cortex of the rats, but in the ipsilateral cortex of the rats in both injury groups, they increased obviously at 8 hours after injury.The increasing degree of these cytokines had no significant difference between the two injury groups. The levels of IL-6 in the plasma of all the rats increased slightly, whereas the levels of IL-1β and TNFα were undetectable. Conc|usions: The increase of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 levels is closely related to brain injury. The increased cytokine levels in the central nervous system are not parallel to those in the peripheral blood. It suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the secondary neural damage after brain injury.     

脂肪间充质干细胞与胰岛联合移植对术后免疫状态及移植效果的影响

目的研究同系脂肪间充质干细胞(AMSC)与同种异体胰岛联合移植对胰岛移植术后免疫状态及移植效果的影响。 方法选择Lewis大鼠建立链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型作为胰岛移植受体,AMSC＋胰岛移植组经左肾包膜下联合移植Lewis大鼠AMSC及Wistar大鼠胰岛,单纯胰岛移植组经左肾包膜下单独移植Wistar大鼠胰岛,单纯AMSC移植组经左肾包膜下单独移植Lewis大鼠AMSC,阳性对照组为未进行移植的Lewis糖尿病大鼠,阴性对照组为正常Lewis大鼠。ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10浓度,流式细胞技术检测外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋ T细胞比例,HE染色观察移植胰岛淋巴细胞浸润情况,观察血糖、胰岛素水平及胰岛移植物存活时间。采用单因素方差分析比较5组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例和血清细胞因子水平,采用LSD法进行组间两两比较;血糖及血清胰岛素变化采用重复测量资料方差分析;采用独立样本t检验比较AMSC＋胰岛移植组与单纯胰岛移植组胰岛移植物淋巴细胞计数。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制AMSC＋胰岛移植组与单纯胰岛移植组胰岛移植物生存曲线,并采用log-rank检验进行比较。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果AMSC＋胰岛移植组胰岛移植物平均生存时间为(26.8±3.0) d,长于单纯胰岛移植组的(19.0±1.3) d,两组大鼠胰岛移植物生存曲线差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.494,P<0.05)。胰岛移植后各时间点,AMSC＋胰岛移植组大鼠移植后血糖和胰岛素水平均优于单纯胰岛移植组(P均<0.05)。胰岛移植前,5组大鼠外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋ T细胞比例以及细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10差异均无统计学意义(F＝0.425、0.476、0.256、0.418、0.281和0.313,P均>0.05)。胰岛移植后第7、14、28天,AMSC＋胰岛移植组大鼠外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞比例均低于单纯胰岛移植组(P均<0.05),血清IFN-γ和IL-2浓度均低于单纯胰岛移植组(P均<0.05),IL-4和IL-10浓度均高于单纯胰岛移植组(P均<0.05)。胰岛移植第7天,AMSC＋胰岛移植组胰岛移植物平均淋巴细胞计数为(142±21)个/mm²,低于单纯胰岛移植组的(311±36)个/mm²(t＝8.245,P<0.05)。 结论与胰岛联合移植的AMSC能够提高胰岛移植的效果,可调节糖尿病大鼠体内IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10表达及抑制同种异体胰岛刺激的T细胞增殖,减轻胰岛移植物的免疫损伤。     

骨髓来源半成熟树突状细胞诱导大鼠小肠移植免疫耐受

目的 观察髓样分化因子88(MyD88)沉默的半成熟树突状细胞(DC)诱导大鼠小肠移植模型免疫耐受.方法 供体乃44大鼠,受体Wistar大鼠.随机分为3组(n=6).A组(半成熟DC组)移植前7d经阴茎背静脉注射半成熟MyD88沉默DC(2×106细胞数),B组(未成熟DC组)移植前7 d经阴茎背静脉注射未成熟DC(2×106细胞数)和C组(阴性对照组)移植前7 d经阴茎背静脉注射1 ml生理盐水.3组均于注射7 d后行大鼠异位节段性小肠移植术,观察统计各组受体存活情况,检测受体血清中的促炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-2、干扰素(IFN)-γ等的变化.结果 半成熟MyD88沉默DC组[(13.7±1.2)d,n=6]较未成熟DC组[(8.0±1.0)d,n=6,P<0.05]和阴性对照组[(6.0±0.8)d,n=6,P<0.05)存活时间显著延长,同时受体血清中IL-2和IFN-γ等促炎症因子的表达明显降低(P<0.05),病理改变亦较轻微.结论 MyD88沉默的半成熟DC具有独特的表形和功能,能够诱导受体产生特异性免疫耐受,显著延长受体术后的存活时间.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植途径对胰岛移植物免疫排斥反应的影响

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)与胰岛共移植对诱导胰岛移植物免疫耐受的作用,并比较MSC不同途径移植的效果。方法:SD大鼠和Lewis大鼠分别作为供、受体。取SD大鼠股骨,贴壁培养法分离和扩增MSC,胶原酶V分离胰岛。应用链脲佐菌素制备Lewis大鼠糖尿病模型后,将其随机均分为A组(将BrdU标记的MSC与胰岛经门静脉混合输入),B组(将胰岛经门静脉输入,BrdU标记的MSC经尾静脉输入),C组(胰岛经门静脉输入,联合应用环孢素A)和D组(单纯胰岛门静脉移植)。观察各组术后血糖变化,比较各组胰岛移植物存活时间。术后第7天切取各组部分存活大鼠肝脏、胸腺、脾脏行免疫组化染色观察MSC归巢位置。结果:A,B两组大鼠术后正常血糖维持时间最长,C组次之,D组最短;各组胰岛存活时间A组为(12.1±2.3)d,B组为(8.6±1.4)d,C组为(13.2±1.9)d,D组为(2.2±0.6)d;MSC归巢部位观察显示,A组BrdU阳性的MSC主要分布于肝脏,并在植入胰岛周围形成"类微囊化效应",B组BrdU阳性的MSC主要分布于胸腺、脾脏。结论:MSC与胰岛共移植能诱导胰岛移植物免疫耐受,且MSC和胰岛混合经门静脉移植效果优于胰岛门静脉移植联合MSC外周静脉移植。     

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells prevent transplant arteriosclerosis by enhancing local expression of interleukin-10, interferon-γ, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) remains the major limitation of long-term graft survival in heart transplantation despite the advances in immunosuppressants. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to suppress allogeneic immune responses by numerous in vitro studies. However, the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs in vivo are controversial and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not conclusive. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs on TA in a porcine model of femoral artery transplantation. MSCs or saline were injected into the soft tissue surrounding the arterial grafts immediately postanastomosis. Four weeks after transplantation, neointimal formation increased significantly in untreated allografts compared with the MSC-treated grafts as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (maximum luminal area stenosis: 40 ± 12% vs. 18 ± 6%, p < 0.001). Grafts harvested at 4 weeks showed dense perivascular lymphocyte infiltration accompanied by significant intimal hyperplasia in the untreated but not in the MSC-treated allografts. Serial angiographic examination showed that all of the untreated allografts became occluded at the 8th week whereas the majority of the MSC-treated grafts remained patent at the 12th week posttransplantation (n = 12 each group, p < 0.001). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that Foxp3 expression was comparable between the untreated and the MSC-treated groups. However, expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was increased significantly in the MSC-treated allografts compared with that in the allograft controls (p = 0.021 for IL-10, p = 0.003 for IFN-γ, and p = 0.008 for IDO). In conclusion, local delivery of autologous MSCs alleviates TA by inducing allograft tolerance via enhanced expression of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IDO but not Foxp3-positive cells in the vessel wall. These results suggest that MSCs induce immune tolerance by activating the type 1 regulatory T-like cells.     

1,25-(OH)2 D3在大鼠肾移植急性排斥反应中的作用

目的 观察1,25-(OH)2D3在大鼠肾移植急性排斥反应中的作用,探讨其在免疫调节中的机制.方法 行Wistar为供体,SD大鼠为受体的肾移植术,24只SD大鼠随机分为4组,检测血清中尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、Ca2+、P3+、白细胞介素(IL)-2、干扰素(IFN)-γ的水平及移植肾的病理变化.结果 Ⅰ组大鼠肾移植后5 d血清中BUN、Cr、IL-2、IFN-γ水平分别明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P＜0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但分别与Ⅳ组比较均明显增高(P＜0.05).各组Ca2+、P3+比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病理结果 显示,Ⅰ组大鼠移植后肾脏排斥反应最重,其余组与之比较均有所减轻,以Ⅳ组最明显.结论 1,25-(OH)2D3通过减少IL-2、IFN-γ的产生,减少排斥反应的发生,改善移植肾的功能.     

基因转移CTLA4-Ig和抗CD154抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用

目的 探讨基因转移细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原4免疫球蛋白(CTLA4-Ig)和抗T细胞分化群154(CD154)抗体在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用及机理.方法 建立人-大鼠异种胰岛移植模型,用携带CTLA4-Ig基因的重组腺病毒感染移植胰岛细胞,并用抗CD154抗体进行治疗,观察糖尿病大鼠胰岛移植后血糖变化、生存情况及移植物病理形态学改变,检测移植物CTLA4-Ig、胰岛素的表达和移植大鼠白细胞介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的水平变化.结果 (1)糖尿病大鼠移植后2 d血糖降至正常,对照组血糖平均在移植后8 d升高,抗体治疗组、转染组和联合治疗组血糖分别在18、25和36 d升高.(2)对照组、抗体治疗组、转染组和联合治疗组的移植物存活时间分别为(10.0±2.1)d、(22.0±8.2)d、(28.0±6.5)d和(37.0±9.3)d,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);移植大鼠生存时间分别为(21.0±5.7)d、(35.0±6.5)d、(48.0±8.5)d和(65.0 ±12.5)d,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)对照组在移植后1周内,IL-2、TNF-α的水平均急剧上升,较移植前显著升高(P＜0.01).(4)各治疗组移植物见成片的胰岛细胞团,未见淋巴细胞浸润,转染组和联合治疗组移植物可见CTLA4-Ig和胰岛素的表达.结论 基因转移CTLA4-Ig和抗CD154抗体均可抑制异种胰岛移植排斥反应,二者联合效果优于单独使用.     

胸腺修饰诱导同种异体静脉移植的免疫耐受研究

目的 观察大鼠胸腺内注射异基因抗原在同种异体异基因股静脉移植免疫耐受中的作用.方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为4组:自体股静脉移植组(A组)、异体股静脉移植组(B组)、异体股静脉移植免疫抑制剂组(C组)、胸腺内注射供体组织相容性(MHC)抗原后移植组(D组).于2周后进行影像学、组织学、免疫学检测.结果 组织学检测结果显示:D组、C组急性排斥反应损伤较轻,B组血管壁的各层结构破坏最重,可见大量炎性细胞浸润.B组受体大鼠血清干扰素(IFN)-γ浓度为(86.707±10.928)ng/L,显著高于A、C、D组[(29.328±4.170)、(69.076±8.059)、(63.355±4.895)ng/L,P<0.05];B组受体大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-4浓度为(23.656±3.369)ng/L,显著低于C、D组[(29.425±4.174)、(31.000±4.659)ng/L,P<0.05].结论 胸腺内注射异基因MHC抗原可诱导大鼠对同种异体血管移植的特异性免疫耐受.     

不同品系大鼠之间肝移植排斥反应的比较研究

目的比较不同品系大鼠之间肝移植排斥反应特点。方法依据大鼠不同品系分成对照组SD→SD(A组),实验组Wistar→SD(B组)、Lewis→BN(C组)以及DA→Lewis(D组)4个组,采用Kamada双袖套法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。比较各组受体大鼠术后10 d血清肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TB)和白蛋白(Alb)]、血清白细胞介素(IL)-2和IL-10水平、急性排斥反应组织病理学分级和术后平均生存时间。结果与A、B组比较,C组和D组的血清ALT和TB明显升高,Alb明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与C组比较,D组的TB明显升高,Alb明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与A组比较,B、C、D组大鼠血清IL-2和IL-10水平均明显升高,C组和D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与B组比较,C组和D组大鼠血清IL-2水平明显升高,D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与C组比较,D组大鼠血清IL-2水平明显升高,D组的IL-2/IL-10亦明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。肝组织病理学检查显示,A组大鼠肝组织未见明显排斥反应,排斥活动性指数(RAI)评分(1.8±0.7)分;B组RAI评分(3.1±1.3)分,属轻度或不明确性排斥反应;C组RAI评分(6.9±0.8)分,属中~重度排斥反应;D组RAI评分(8.8±0.5)分,属重度排斥反应。各组间RAI评分比较以及组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。A组、B组、C组、D组受体大鼠术后平均生存时间分别为(119.3±1.9)d、(116.9±8.3)d、(53.4±6.1)d、(12.1±2.4)d,A组与B组的生存时间比较差异无统计学意义,余各组两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论 4种组合中,大鼠DA→Lewis模型排斥反应最剧烈,Lewis→BN次之,而Wistar→SD最轻,接近于免疫耐受。     

针对OX40小于扰RNA供体转染抗大鼠肝移植排斥反应

目的 观察RNA干扰阻断OX40-OX40L共刺激通路对大鼠移植肝存活时间的影响.方法 制作DA大鼠到Lewis大鼠的原位肝脏移植模型,移植前取预先制备的5 ml含5×109pfu的pLVTHM-OX40-siRNA重组慢病毒,灌注感染移植供肝30 min,术后观察受者存活时间,移植肝脏进行组织病理学检查;采用ELISA法检测大鼠外周血IL-2,IFN-γ,的水平,并进行受者大鼠脾细胞对供者大鼠脾细胞的混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR).结果 转染组受者肝脏移植物的存活时间为(74.00±3.79)d,明显长于对照组和未转染组;转染组移植肝组织炎细胞侵润、间质水肿、肝组织坏死程度较对照组和未转染组减轻,实验组大鼠脾细胞刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力降低(P<0.01);移植术后的第7天,转染组血清IL-2浓度为(46.0±8.4)ng/L,IFN-γ浓度为(202.7±14.6)ng/L,均显著低于对照组和未转染组(P<0.05).结论 转染靶向OX40的siRNA,在体内可通过阻断OX40-OX40L共刺激通路,抑制大鼠肝脏移植后的排斥反应,延长大鼠移植肝的存活时间.     

辅助性T细胞亚群分化在Ⅲ型前列腺炎免疫发病机制中的作用

目的 探讨前列腺液(EPS)中CD+4T细胞亚群辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)分化在Ⅲ型前列腺炎免疫发病机制中的作用. 方法门诊诊断前列腺炎患者76例,年龄18～47岁,平均32岁.患者均有慢性前列腺炎典型临床症状,病程均＞3个月.按美国国立卫生院分类方法分为ⅢA型组(47例)、ⅢB型组(29例).其中ⅢA型组根据炎症程度又分为ⅢAl组(轻度炎症26例)和ⅢA2组(重度炎症21例).另设健康对照组(16例),年龄19～45岁,平均31岁.采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法检测EPS中Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ)、Th2类细胞因子(IL-4)水平及Th1/Th2比值(IFN-γ/IL-4),比较各组问差异.结果 ⅢA、ⅢB组IFN-γ水平[(134.78±43.67),(109.82±30.09)pg/m1]与对照组[(60.63±15.16)pg/m1]比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),ⅢA组较ⅢB组升高更明显(P＜0.05);ⅢA组IL-4水平[(51.99±20.59)pg/m1]与对照组[(53.88±17.92)pg/m1]比较差异无统计学意义P＞0.05),ⅢB组IL-4水平[(76.40±17.99)pg/m1]明显上调(P＜0.05);ⅢA组IFN-γ/IL-4水平(2.94±1.12)明显高于对照组(1.20±0.48,P＜0.05),Ⅲ B组(1.49±0.48)无明显改变(P＞0.05).与对照组比较,Ⅲ A1组IL-4水平[(63.03±18.86)pg/m1]无明显变化(P＞0.05),而ⅢA2组水平[(30.20±13.16)pg/m1]显著下调(P＜0.05);ⅢA1组和m A2组IFN-γ水平均明显上调[(127.65±36.57),(143.49±50.76)pg/m1],P＜0.05),但2组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);ⅢA2组IFN-γ/IL-4明显高于ⅢA1组(3.67±0.82 vs 2.34±0.97,P＜0.05).结论 ⅢA型前列腺炎Th1细胞分化占优势,Th1/Th2平衡向Th1漂移,以细胞免疫反应为主;Th细胞分化也参与了ⅢB型前列腺炎的发病,但Th1/Th2处于相对平衡状态.Th1的优势分化可能是导致前列腺局部炎症发展的原因之一.