单孔三通道腹腔镜经后腹腔途径肾囊肿去顶减压术

目的探讨单孔三通道腹腔镜技术应用于后腹腔途径行后腹腔建立及。肾囊肿去顶减压术的可行性。方法采用单孔三通道腹腔镜经后腹腔途径对18例单纯性肾囊肿患者施行囊肿去顶减压术。腋中线髂脊上4～5cm处取2．5cm切口,置入自制的单孔三通道穿刺器,腹腔镜通道为5mm,另外两个操作通道分别为为10mm和5mm。手术操作通过前端可弯曲的钳、剪完成。结果18例手术均取得成功。手术时间1142min,平均23min;出血量10～50ml,平均26ml;术后患者腰部仅留一2．5cm大小的手术疤痕,当天可下床活动,住院时间1～2d,平均1．2d;术后随访1-6个月复查超声未发现囊肿复发。结论单孔三通道应用于后腹腔途径行后腹腔建立及肾囊肿去顶减压术安全可行、疗效肯定。该方法有望向单孔三通道后腹腔镜下肾上腺切除等手术进～步发展。     

机器人辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术3例报告

目的:初步探索机器人辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的安全性和可行性。方法:2013年12月~2014年1月,开展机器人辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术3例。患者取45°健侧卧位,作患侧脐缘2cm切口,Hasson法制备经脐入路机器人单孔腹腔镜手术通道切口,置入机器人单孔多通道Port装置,从通道中分别置入1个8.5mm镜头套管、两个5mm器械套管及1个5mm辅助套管,连接安装床旁机械臂和观察镜,按照标准经腹入路腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的操作步骤完成手术,术中标本经脐部切口取出。结果:3例手术均成功完成,手术时间分别为75、65和50min,估计出血量分别约20、15和10ml,术后住院日分别为2、3及3天,无中转开放或标准三孔腹腔镜手术,未发生围手术期并发症,3例患者术后病理均提示肾囊肿,短期随访无术后并发症发生。结论:初步经验表明机器人辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术安全、可行。但目前完成病例数较少,其临床治疗效果尚需大样本、多中心的长期随访及随机对照研究予以验证。     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾囊肿38例报告

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的方法和疗效。方法:回顾分析为38例肾囊肿患者在全麻下行腹膜后腹腔镜去顶减压术的临床资料。用自制水囊建立后腹膜腔,通过腰大肌等标志找到并暴露肾囊肿,距肾实质5mm用电钩将囊壁切除、去顶。结果:38例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术,未发生严重并发症,手术时间20～60min,平均30min,术中出血10～50ml,平均20ml,术后住院4～8d,平均5d,病理报告均示为单纯肾囊肿。随访6～36个月,平均22个月,所有病例均无复发。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者创伤小,康复快,住院时间短,是安全有效的术式。     

自制通道经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术(附5例报告)

目的探讨自制通道经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的可行性。方法 2010年1～6月共行经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术5例,术中所用的自制通道由一个聚碳酸酯倒锥形装置和一个无菌手套制作而成。取脐旁约3 cm切口,置入自制通道,将13 mm,11 mm,5 mm,3个trocar放入其中,使用超声刀及分离钳等腹腔镜器械进行操作,在距肾实质约0.5 cm处剥离囊壁并取出,最后缝合切口。结果所有手术均成功,平均手术时间77.6 min(66～93 min),平均出血量11 ml(5～20ml),术后住院时间平均6.2 d(5～7 d),术后随访4.8月(2～7个月),无并发症。结论对于熟练掌握腹腔镜技术的医师,自制通道单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术是安全可行的。     

后腹腔镜一期手术治疗34例双侧肾囊肿的疗效观察

目的探讨后腹腔镜一期手术治疗双侧单纯性肾囊肿的临床价值。方法对34例后腹腔镜一期行双侧肾囊肿去顶减压患者临床资料进行回顾分析。其中男1例,女13例,年龄17～65岁(34±0.53),囊肿直径5.32±1.31cm,左侧囊肿43个,右侧48个。结果经后腹膜入路34例患者双侧肾囊肿顺利去顶,平均每侧手术时间37.28±0.45min,平均每侧术中出血量7.18±0.53ml,2例随访3～6个月无复发,术中出现单侧腹膜损伤,未伤及腹腔脏器。平均住院天数7.47±0.32d,平均术后住院天数4.10±0.27d。结论后腹腔镜一期行双侧肾囊肿去顶术是一种安全、可行的治疗方式。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗双侧肾囊肿(附10例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗双侧单纯性肾囊肿的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析对本院自2010年2月～至2011年12月收治的10例双侧单纯性肾囊肿患者临床资料,所有均施行经脐单孔腹腔镜下双侧肾囊肿去顶减压术。其中男4例,女6例,年龄47～70岁,囊肿直径(7.70±1.54)cm。本组患者9例双侧囊肿位于肾脏腹(外)侧,仅1例单侧囊肿位于肾盂旁,均适合此手术方式。于脐部作一2～3cm切口建立自制单孔操作通道,切开结肠旁沟处的侧腹膜,游离并暴露囊肿。在距肾实质约5mm处用超声刀将大部分囊肿壁完整切除,撤出腹腔镜,保留操作通道,改变患者体位并以同样方式处理对侧囊肿。结果:9例顺利完成单孔腹腔镜手术,1例因囊肿位置特殊,术中分离较困难,在合适部位增加一5mm操作通道。手术时间平均(91.7±24.7)min,术中平均出血(38.9±25.8)ml,平均术后住院(3.5±1.7)d,术后平均留置引流管2.1d。术后随访3～12个月,脐部切口愈合良好,囊肿无复发,无脐疝等相关手术并发症产生。结论:采用自制经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜治疗双侧肾囊肿安全可行,手术时间缩短,术后恢复快,术后切口瘢痕隐蔽,具有良好的微创和美容效果,为双侧肾脏病变提供新的手术治疗方式。     

后腹腔镜去顶减压术治疗肾囊肿15例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜去顶减压术治疗肾囊肿的临床效果。方法2006年9月～2008年2月,采用后腹腔镜去顶减压术治疗15例肾囊肿。均采用后腹腔途径。扩张后腹膜间隙成功后,腰部取3个trocar穿刺入路。沿腰大肌前方向上打开肾周筋膜,游离肾脂肪囊,沿肾脏表面分离出肾囊肿,距离正常肾组织约0.5cm处切除囊壁。结果15例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间0.5～1.0h,平均0.8h。术中出血10～50ml,平均20ml。围手术期无出血、尿漏等并发症。术后病理为单纯性囊肿。术后住院3～6d,平均4d。15例随访1～17个月,平均9个月,肾功能正常,B超未见囊肿复发。结论后腹腔镜去顶减压术创伤小,出血少,病人恢复快,住院时间短,可作为治疗肾囊肿的首选方法。     

单孔法后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术

目的探讨单孔法后腹腔镜在肾囊肿去顶术中的应用价值。方法采用单孔法后腹腔镜下完成肾囊肿去顶术8例。男5例,女3例。年龄36～67岁,平均42岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。囊肿大小4．6 cm×4．3 cm～7．6 cm×10．2 cm,平均5．6 cm×8．5 cm。结果8例手术均成功,手术时间平均52（45～95）min,术中出血量平均25（0～100）ml,平均1．5（1～4）d拔除引流管,平均1．5 （1～3）d下床活动,术后住院时间平均4．5（3～5）d,8例术后随访1～6个月,经B超和CT或MRI等复查,肾囊肿无复发。结论单孔法后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术具有微创、创口出血少、康复快等优点,具有较高的实用性,安全有效,是治疗肾囊肿的理想术式。     

腹膜后腹腔镜治疗复杂性肾囊肿21例报告

目的:评价腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术治疗复杂性肾囊肿的疗效.方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2010年8月为21例复杂性肾囊肿患者施行腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的临床资料.结果:本组20例患者顺利完成腹膜后腹腔镜去顶减压术,手术时间30~120min,平均50min;术中出血10~100ml,平均30ml;术后住院3...     

单孔后腹腔镜手术在肾及肾上腺疾病中的应用（附33例报告）

目的探讨利用自制单孔多通道装置及常规腹腔镜器械完成单孔后腹腔镜肾及肾上腺手术的可行性。方法2011年8月～2012年3月,采用切151保护器＋橡胶手套自制单孔多通道装置,利用常规腹腔镜器械完成33例单孔后腹腔镜手术,其中肾上腺肿瘤切除10例,肾癌根治性肾切除6例,肾囊肿去顶减压术12例,肾蒂淋巴管结扎术4例,肾盂成形术1例。结果33例手术均顺利完成,其中1例肾盂成形术因术中缝合困难另增加-5mm通道完成手术,无中转开放手术。住院时间4～9d,平均6d。术中术后未出现明显并发症。结论自制单孔多通道后腹腔镜手术在治疗肾及肾上腺疾病方面安全可行,具有创伤小、切口美观等优点。自制单孔多通道装置制作使用方便,价格低廉。     

单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术与传统腹腔镜手术的对比研究

目的比较单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术效果,总结单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术经验。方法自2010年1月至2011年3月,我院收治单纯肾囊肿患者30例,随机分为两组,其中采用自制单孔多通道腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术15例,传统腹腔镜手术去顶术15例,所有手术均为同一位外科医师主刀,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及近期随访手术疗效。结果 30例手术均获成功,两组术中均无明显并发症发生。传统腹腔镜与单孔腹腔镜在手术时间(63.5minvs52.5min,P=0.104)、术中出血量(20mlvs25ml,P=0.721),术后住院时间(4.3dvs4.9d,P=0.647)无统计学差异。结论在取得一定腹腔镜手术经验的单位,单孔多通道腹腔镜是安全可行的,其与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术相比,并不明显增加手术时间。     

Povidone-iodine sclerotherapy is ineffective in the treatment of symptomatic renal cysts

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of povidone-iodine sclerotherapy after percutaneous drainage of simple renal cysts in the treatment of symptomatic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with symptomatic renal cysts were treated by percutaneous drainage and injection of povidone-iodine solution. The cysts were drained by a nephrostomy tube catheter, and povidone- iodine injections were repeated every 24 hours for 3 days. All patients were followed up by ultrasound examination during a period ranging from 1 to 4 years (mean 1.8 years). RESULTS: Thirteen patients experienced recurrence of cysts, while complete resolution was observed in only three patients. Of the cysts that recurred, only partial resolution in cyst diameter was observed (from 3-10.5 cm to 2.4-8.6 cm). During the follow-up period, 12 of the 16 patients (75%) continued to have pain that necessitated additional treatments. CONCLUSION: Povidone-iodine sclerotherapy is followed by a high rate of recurrence and is therefore not indicated for the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts.     

Renal cyst formation as a complication of primary distal renal tubular acidosis

Morphologic studies using renal sonography and CT scanning were performed in 6 patients with primary distal renal tubular acidosis who were followed for 6 to 18 years. Nephrocalcinosis and renal cysts were identified in all patients. Multiple bilateral renal cysts were detected in 3 patients, and unilateral single or several renal cysts were detected in 3 patients. Size and number of the renal cysts in 1 patient did not change over 5 years of alkali therapy. Although the precise mechanism for renal cyst formation has not yet been established, renal cysts may be a common complication of primary distal renal tubular acidosis.     

Laparoscopic evaluation of indeterminate renal cysts: long-term follow-up

PURPOSE: We present our long-term follow-up of patients who have undergone laparoscopic evaluation for their indeterminate renal cysts, specifically reporting those patients who were found to have cystic renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) and assessing the safety and efficacy of the procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with indeterminate renal cysts (28 Bosniak category II and 29 Bosniak category III) underwent laparoscopic evaluation between July 1993 and July 2000. A transperitoneal laparoscopic localization and aspiration of the cyst, cytologic analysis, and biopsy of the cyst wall and base were performed. A total of 11 patients were found to have cystic RCC. Patients with malignancy have been followed for a mean of 40 months (range 6-70 months), and five patients had 5 years or more of follow-up. RESULTS: Eleven patients (19% of the total) were found to have cystic RCC. Three of these patients had Bosniak category II cysts, and eight had category III cysts. All tumors were low grade (I or II), and the stages were T1-2, Nx-0, M0. There has been no evidence of laparoscopic port site or renal fossa tumor recurrence, local recurrence, or metastatic disease to date in these patients. There is no cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up indicates that laparoscopic evaluation of indeterminate renal cysts is not associated with an increased risk of port site or retroperitoneal or peritoneal recurrence of RCC. It may save a patient from undergoing open surgery and should be considered as a diagnostic option for patients with indeterminate renal cysts.     

输尿管软镜下钬激光内切开治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床分析

目的探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光内切开治疗肾盂旁囊肿的安全性及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析我院自2017年9月至2020年7月应用输尿管软镜钬激光内切开引流治疗的32例肾盂旁囊肿患者的临床资料。男21例,女11例,年龄35~68岁。囊肿大小3.5 cm×3.0 cm~7.0 cm×5.0 cm,平均（5.0±0.8）cm。均为单侧肾囊肿（BosniakⅠ型29例,BosniakⅡ型3例）。其中单发囊肿24例,多发囊肿5例,多囊肾1例,合并同侧结石2例。有8例合并不同程度肾积水。分析术前、术后囊肿变化情况、手术时间、术后住院天数、并发症等情况。 结果本组患者手术均顺利完成,无中转腹腔镜或开放手术。手术时间为22~68 min,平均（43±12） min,术后住院3~6 d（平均3.8±0.7）d,术后定期随访3~6个月。22例囊肿术后消失,9例囊肿术后缩小,1例多囊肾术后囊肿未见明显变化。8例肾积水患者积水均消失。手术相关并发症为18.75%,5例为ClavienⅠ级,1例为ClavienⅡ级。 结论输尿管软镜下钬激光内切开治疗肾盂旁囊肿具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,是安全、有效治疗方式,但远期疗效有待进一步随访观察。     

Long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of simple renal cysts

The aim of this paper was to assess long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts. Fifteen consecutive patients (7 men, 8 women), with a mean age of 51 years (range, 36-79 years), underwent transperitoneal fenestration of simple renal cysts (SRC) at our institution from 1994 to 2001. Data were collected by reviewing patients' clinical files, conducting telephone interviews regarding symptoms, and followup renal ultrasonography (US). There were 15 symptomatic cysts (10 parenchymal, 5 peripelvic) ranging in diameter from 3.5 to 20 cm (mean, 8 cm). All patients had lumbar pain and in four (26.6%) the collecting system was compressed by the cysts. Fenestration was carried out laparoscopically in all patients. There was no mortality and no postoperative complications were recorded. No malignancies were detected at final histopathology. Mean length of stay was 2.5 days. All patients were available for long-term followup. At a mean of 60 months (range, 22-93 months) from surgery, three patients (20%) complained of slight discomfort in the lumbar area not requiring any analgesic. No recurrence of the cysts was seen on US. Two asymptomatic patients (13.3%) developed additional cysts originating from sites different than the one operated on. Laparoscopic fenestration of SRC is safe and effective in the long term to relieve patients from symptoms.     

Comparison of single and multiple sessions of percutaneous sclerotherapy for simple renal cyst

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of single and repeated percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with simple renal cysts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients with simple renal cysts underwent needle aspiration andsclerotherapy under ultrasonographic guidance. Forty-two patients (group 1) underwent one session of sclerotherapy with 99% ethanol immediately after aspiration and 40 patients (group 2) underwent sclerotherapy at least twice. The patients were followed up using ultrasonography at 3-month intervals. The complete disappearance or a reduction of more than half in the diameter of the renal cyst was considered a successful treatment. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the renal cysts was not significantly different in group 1 (6.12 cm) and 2 (6.75 cm). There was complete or partial regression in eight (19%) and 16 (38%) in group 1, and in 29 (73%) and nine (23%) in group 2, respectively. The overall success rate was significantly better in group 2 (95%) than in group 1 (57%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multiple sclerotherapy is better than a single injection of sclerosant for reducing the recurrence of simple renal cysts.     

Cyst formation and growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Previous morphologic studies on kidneys from adult patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) indicates that the cysts developed from nephrons and collecting ducts in association with hyperplasia of epithelial cells lining the cyst walls. In the present study, we systematically evaluated by scanning electron microscopy 387 cysts in polycystic kidneys obtained from 10 adult patients. Some cysts were lined by cells typical of collecting duct (7.2%), proximal tubule (1.8%) or glomerular visceral (2.1%) epithelium. The remaining cysts were lined by a single layer of phenotypically undefined (84.0%) or markedly hyperplastic (4.9%) epithelium. The median plane surface area of individual cells within cysts was 182 X 10(-8) cm2. Among all cysts the surface area of single epithelial cells ranged between 22 and 2530 X 10(-8) cm2, but within single cysts the range of individual cell surface areas was more narrow. Mean cell surface area did not increase in direct proportion to cyst diameter; thus, epithelial hyperplasia is a central element in the progressive enlargement of cysts. In some cysts hyperplasia was accentuated by projections into cyst lumens of polyps, small adenomas and cord-like arrangements of cells. Epithelial polyps were found in the cysts of one non-azotemic patient, excluding renal failure as a cause of this accentuated type of epithelial proliferation. Morphologic evidence that cysts compressed adjacent renal parenchyma was observed in all kidneys. In 11 cysts bisected and then both halves thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy, one or two tubule openings were seen in one of the hemisections in three cysts (27.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Long-term results after percutaneous minimally invasive procedure treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and long-term results of two repeated ethanol injections in the treatment of symptomatic renal cysts. Methods: Sixty-eight patients 47to 75 years old with 77 large (6.3–14.8 cm; mean 8.62 cm)symptomatic cysts were included in this study. Of the 68patients, in 4 cases there were renal cysts associated with renal calculi. An 8FR Pigtail catheter was inserted into the cyst under ultrasound guidance followed by aspiration of cystic fluid. Two repeated ethanol 95% injections were performed every 24 hours. Patients were followed-up by ultrasonography for a period of 12–48 months (mean 30). Results: In two patients the cyst puncture was not feasible because of poor visualization of puncture site while in one patient there was communication of cystic cavity with the pelvocaliceal system. In these patients surgical resection of cysts was performed. Complete and partial regression rates were 57/68 (83.82%) and 8/68 (11.76%)respectively. In four patients with renal stones and renal cysts, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was successfully executed 1 month after sclerotherapy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that percutaneous aspiration followed by two repeated ethanol injections is highly effective on reducing recurrence of simple renal cysts. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Reduced renal function in patients with simple renal cysts

BACKGROUND: Sporadic renal cysts not associated with genetic polycystic disorders are common and generally thought to be of no clinical significance. Since multiple cysts frequently develop in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we tested the hypothesis that cysts that are solitary or few in number are an early manifestation of reduced renal function. METHODS: We evaluated 561 hospitalized patients who underwent contrast-enhanced, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and correlated clinical characteristics and parameters of renal function with the presence or absence of renal cysts. RESULTS: Age ranged from 16 to 100 years, mean serum creatinine concentration was 0.88 mg/dL (range 0.4 to 2.1 mg/dL), and mean estimated creatinine clearance was 94 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range 22 to 218 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The presence of cysts was significantly correlated with older age (P < 0.001), higher serum creatinine concentration (P < 0.002), and lower estimated creatinine clearance (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, including age and gender, estimated creatinine clearance still correlated with the presence of cysts (P= 0.009). When patients were grouped by age, estimated creatinine clearance correlated with cysts in patients <40 years and 40 to 59 years, but not in patients 60 to 79 years or > or =80 years. There was no association of cysts with hypertension or proteinuria. In patients with cysts, serum creatinine increased progressively but not significantly with cyst number, and did not correlate with size or distribution of cysts. Renal parenchymal volume was slightly but not significantly reduced in patients with cysts. CONCLUSION: The presence of kidney cysts, even single cysts, is associated with reduced renal function in hospitalized patients younger than 60 years. This relationship may be obscured by the reduced renal function and the high incidence of cysts in older patients. These results suggest that acquired cystic kidney disease may begin early in the course of renal disease and that underlying renal disease should be considered in individuals with renal cysts prior to age 60 years.