视神经脊髓炎与多发性硬化患者血清碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酸转移酶水平观察

目的 观察视神经脊髓炎(NMO)与多发性硬化(MS)患者血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGn水平.方法 在中山大学附属第三医院脱髓鞘疾病数据库中调取自2007年1月至2010年3月收治的177例NMO、MS患者资料及85例同期健康体检者资料,分析其血清ALP、GGT水平,探讨其与年龄、病程、发作次数、EDSS评分的关系.结果 NMO组患者血清ALP、GGT水平较MS组及对照组增高,进一步观察发现NMO患者血清ALP水平在病灶活动期时亦高于MS患者,且男性NMO患者血清ALP水平、女性NMO患者血清GGT水平均高于MS组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).NMO患者血清GGT水平与其年龄、发病次数呈正相关(p<0.05).结论 ALP、GGT在NMO、MS患者血清中含量不同,在一定程度上有助于鉴别诊断这两种疾病.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods Serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO and MS from the database of demyelinating diseases in our hospital were analyzed.Eighty-five healthy controls were chosen.The differences of serum ALP and GGT levels in patient groups and controls were compared, and the correlations between clinical features (age of the subjects, course of disease, times of relapse and scores of EDSS) and both ALP and GGT levels were analyzed. Results The serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO were significantly higher than those in patients with MS and the controls (P<0.05).Patients with NMO still had significantly higher serum ALP level in acute phase than patients with MS,and the serum ALP levels in male patients with NMO and the serum GGT levels in female patients with NMO were, respectively,statistically higher than that of male patients with MS and female patients with MS (P<0.05). In patients with NMO, significantly positive correlations between serum GGT level and both age and times of relapse were noted (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum ALP and GGT levels differ in patients with NMO and MS, indicating their differential diagnostic value in NMO and MS to certain extent.     

Serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

Objective To investigate the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods Serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO and MS from the database of demyelinating diseases in our hospital were analyzed.Eighty-five healthy controls were chosen.The differences of serum ALP and GGT levels in patient groups and controls were compared, and the correlations between clinical features (age of the subjects, course of disease, times of relapse and scores of EDSS) and both ALP and GGT levels were analyzed. Results The serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO were significantly higher than those in patients with MS and the controls (P<0.05).Patients with NMO still had significantly higher serum ALP level in acute phase than patients with MS,and the serum ALP levels in male patients with NMO and the serum GGT levels in female patients with NMO were, respectively,statistically higher than that of male patients with MS and female patients with MS (P<0.05). In patients with NMO, significantly positive correlations between serum GGT level and both age and times of relapse were noted (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum ALP and GGT levels differ in patients with NMO and MS, indicating their differential diagnostic value in NMO and MS to certain extent.     

Serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

Objective To investigate the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods Serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO and MS from the database of demyelinating diseases in our hospital were analyzed.Eighty-five healthy controls were chosen.The differences of serum ALP and GGT levels in patient groups and controls were compared, and the correlations between clinical features (age of the subjects, course of disease, times of relapse and scores of EDSS) and both ALP and GGT levels were analyzed. Results The serum ALP and GGT levels in patients with NMO were significantly higher than those in patients with MS and the controls (P<0.05).Patients with NMO still had significantly higher serum ALP level in acute phase than patients with MS,and the serum ALP levels in male patients with NMO and the serum GGT levels in female patients with NMO were, respectively,statistically higher than that of male patients with MS and female patients with MS (P<0.05). In patients with NMO, significantly positive correlations between serum GGT level and both age and times of relapse were noted (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum ALP and GGT levels differ in patients with NMO and MS, indicating their differential diagnostic value in NMO and MS to certain extent.     

长节段横贯性脊髓炎患者血清尿酸水平与临床特征的关系：一项病例对照研究

Uric acid is reduced in demyelinating diseases,including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica(NMO).Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis(LETM)is often an early manifestation of NMO.Whether uric acid levels are reduced at presentation of LETM remains unknown.The present study investigated serum uric acid levels by evaluating 35 patients with LETM,64 with NMO,62 with multiple sclerosis,63 with other neurological diseases and 65 healthy controls.In addition,we tested the correlation between serum uric acid and the clinical characteristics of LETM.All patients were in the acute phase,defined as less than 1 month from onset or relapse.The results revealed that serum uric acid levels in LETM were significantly lower than in multiple sclerosis,other neurological diseases and healthy controls,but no difference was found between LETM and NMO.A negative correlation between uric acid levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores was found in LETM patients(r=-0.545,P<0.05).The results suggest that uric acid levels are reduced in patients with LETM,raising the possibility that lower uric acid levels are an indicator of disease disability.Moreover,reduced uric acid levels may be a risk factor in NMO.     

T淋巴细胞亚群在视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病急性期中的作用

<正>视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO),又称Devic病,是一种具有高复发率及高致残率的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,临床上常表现为视神经炎(optic neuritis,ON)及长节段横贯性脊髓炎(longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis,LETM)。自2004年发现抗水通道蛋白4的Ig G抗体(Aquaporin 4-IgG,AQP4-IgG)以来,NMO逐渐被大多数学者认为是独立于多发性硬化存在的一种疾病实体^[1]。2015年,国际NMO诊断小组提出了视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,NMOSD)的概念,     

以顽固性恶心、呕吐、呃逆首发的视神经脊髓谱系疾病2例报告

视神经脊髓炎( neuromyelitis optica,NMO)是一种自身免疫性中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病.临床上以急性纵向延伸长节段横贯性脊髓炎( LETM)及视神经炎为主要特点.随着研究的深入及NMO特异性标志物-水通道蛋白-4(aquapor-in-4,AQP-4)抗体( AQP4-IgG)的发现,除经典NMO...     

维持性泼尼松治疗视神经脊髓炎的疗效观察

目的观察维持性泼尼松治疗视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)的疗效及安全性。方法对17例复发型NMO患者进行随访,观察在维持性泼尼松治疗前后,患者的扩展残疾状态量表(expanded disability status scale,EDSS)评分、年复发率的变化以及治疗期间出现的不良反应。结果经维持性泼尼松治疗后,患者的EDSS评分较治疗前改善[(3.09±0.85)vs.(4.06±0.80)],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);年复发率较治疗前明显下降[(0.34±0.31)次/年vs.(1.51±0.57)次/年],差异有统计学意义(P0.005);但不同剂量泼尼松对于年复发率降低水平的影响差异无统计学意义。随访期间无严重不良反应出现。结论维持性泼尼松治疗能有效降低NMO患者的年复发率,并改善其神经功能缺失情况,有较好的耐受性。     

合并肺结核的长节段脊髓炎2例报告

目的探讨长节段横贯性脊髓炎(longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis,LETM)与结核杆菌感染的相关性。方法回顾性分析国内外的LETM与结核杆菌感染的相关性研究报道,就我院收治的2例合并肺结核(pulmonary tuberculosis,PTB)的LETM患者进行临床分析。结果 2例合并PTB的长节段脊髓炎患者,其中病例1,AQP4-Ab/NMO-IgG阳性,诊断为视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,NMOSDs),其EDSS最高达7.0分,给予激素联合抗结核治疗后,随访1 y后EDSS为0分,长节段脊髓病灶较治疗前显著吸收;病例2为AQP4-Ab/NMO-IgG阴性的LETM患者,其EDSS 4.5分,给予激素联合抗结核治疗后,3 m随访病情明显改善,EDSS为0分,长节段脊髓病灶较治疗前显著吸收。结论本文经验性抗结核合并激素抑制免疫反应,对此类患者具有良好的治疗作用。关于结核感染与长节段脊髓炎之间的关系,仍需要进一步研究。     

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病的临床异质性研究进展

视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)/视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,NMOSD),虽然其名称中包含视神经和脊髓,但其并非视神经炎(optic neuritis,ON)和脊髓炎的简单组合,而是一组异质性疾病。NMO/NMOSD的异质性不但表现在其核心症状,也表现在其他神经系统症状和非神经系统症状,NMO/NMOSD的伴发疾病也存在异质性。同时,临床还存在特殊亚型的NMO/NMOSD和合并不同抗体的NMO/NMOSD亚型。目前,NMO/NMOSD的典型和非典型临床症状的判断处在动态变化之中,越来越多既往认为是罕见症状的临床表现已被发现是NMO/NMOSD的常见临床症状。新的临床症状也带来了关于NMO/NMOSD发病机制研究的一些提示。因此,对NMO/NMOSD异质性临床表现的研究有助于进一步认识这种疾病,并对其发病机制的研究带来启发。     

临床孤立综合征转归相关因素分析

目的探讨临床孤立综合征(clinically isolated syndromes,CIS)转归为多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)和视神脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)的影响因素。方法收集CIS患者106例,据CIS转归结果分为MS组、NMO组和未转归组,以同年龄段健康体检人群100名作为健康对照,分析比较各组之间血清尿酸(uric acid,UA)和同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平,以多因素回归分析方法分析CIS类型、年龄、性别、病灶数量、影像学特点、扩展的神经功能障碍评分(expanded disability status scale,EDSS)评分、HCY水平、UA水平、治疗是否使用糖皮质激素等因素与CIS转归为MS或NMO的关系。结果总体转归为MS共18例(16.98%),转归为NMO共38例(35.85%)。MS组〔(316.26±186.76)μmol/L〕与NMO组〔(323.95±218.64)μmol/L〕UA水平低于未转归组〔(495.22±259.57)μmol/L〕和健康对照组〔(581.34±283.88)μmol/L〕(P0.05),MS组与NMO组比较,以及未转归组与健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。MS组HCY水平〔(21.30±12.92)μmol/L〕高于NMO组〔(9.65±4.31)μmol/L〕、未转归组〔(11.40±5.87)μmol/L〕及健康对照组〔(10.86±4.91)μmol/L〕(均P0.05),NMO组、未转归组及健康对照组HCY水平差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。多因素回归分析结果提示女性(OR=8.945,P=0.043)、多病灶(OR=6.681,P=0.000)、EDSS评分高于平均值(OR=8.451,P=0.000)与和HCY水平高于平均值(OR=7.839,P=0.000)是CIS易于转归为MS的影响因素,而多病灶(OR=6.947,P=0.000)、UA水平低于平均值(OR=1.368,P=0.024)、初次发作EDSS评分高于平均值(OR=9.002,P=0.000)是CIS易于为NMO的影响因素。结论女性患者、多病灶特点、高HCY水平、EDSS评分高对CIS转归为MS有预测价值;多病灶特点、低血UA水平、EDSS评分高对CIS转归为NMO有预测价值。     

Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody in Chinese patients with central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders

Objective

To determine seroprevalence of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody in Chinese patients with central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorders.

Methods

AQP4 antibody was detected by anti-AQP4 antibody assay. We measured seroprevalence in 200 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO, n = 44), multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 46), transverse myelitis (TM, n = 44), optic neuritis (ON, n = 13), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, n = 2), and other neurological diseases (OND, n = 51).

Results

AQP4 antibody seropositivity was 88.6% in patients with NMO, 4.3% in patients with MS, 30.8% in patients with ON and 51.7% in patients with LETM (longitudinally extensive TM). No patients with acute partial TM, ADEM, OND were positive for AQP4 antibody. Sensitivity of the test was 88.6% (95% CI 80–95) in patients with NMO. Specificity is 97.9% (95% CI 95.1–100) in 46 MS patients, with 51 OND patients as the control group. If the patients with recurrent ON, LETM were considered high risk for NMO (n = 37) and the remaining patients (n = 119) were considered controls, the sensitivity of this assay would be 48.6% (95% CI 33.4–64.1) and the specificity 97.5% (95% CI 94.7–100).

Conclusion

This study confirms that AQP4 antibody is a sensitive and specific biomarker for discrimination between NMO and other CNS autoimmune diseases.     

Aquaporin-4 antibody positive longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis following varicella zoster infection

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a condition shown to confer high risk of conversion into neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Increasing evidence from immunological and histopathological studies suggests that LETM is an autoimmune disorder caused by pathogenic antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab), the most abundant water channel in the CNS, at least in a subset of patients. However, cases of infectious or parainfectious NMO/LETM (mostly associated with herpes zoster) have been repeatedly reported in the previous literature, raising the question of aetiological diversity in NMO/LETM. Here we present a case of acute LETM in a 63-year-old patient occurring two weeks after reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Serological testing revealed antibodies to AQP4. Plasma exchange was paralleled by disappearance of AQP4-Ab and sustained clinical improvement. Our observations provide further evidence for a pathogenic role of AQP4-Ab in LETM and suggest that AQP4-Ab associated auto-immunity should be considered also in apparently infectious/parainfectious settings.     

视神经脊髓炎患者血清神经丝重链SMI-35临床意义初探

目的探讨视神经脊髓炎(NMO)患者血液神经丝重链(NfH)的水平及其临床意义。方法选取27例NMO患者、20例多发性硬化(MS)患者以及健康志愿者26名,采用ELISA法检测各组血清NfHSMI-35水平及NMO患者血清水通道蛋白抗体(AQP4-IgG)水平,观察NfH在NMO、MS和健康人群间以及在NMO患者AQP4-IgG阳性和阴性组间的差异,同时分析NMO患者NfH水平同NMO受累脊髓节段和临床神经功能缺损程度的相关性。结果NMO组、MS组和健康对照组血清NfHSMI-35水平分别为(0.100±0.024)、(0.082±0.012)和(0.064±0.021)ng/mL,NMO组和MS组血清NfHSMI-35水平均高于健康对照组(P0.05),且NMO组NfHSMI-35水平高于MS组(P0.05);NMO患者AQP4-IgG阳性和阴性者间NfHSMI-35水平比较无统计学差异〔(0.106±0.029)ng/mνs.(0.091±0.013)ng/mL,P0.05〕;NMO组NfHSMI-35水平与脊髓受累节段长度呈正相关(r=0.556,P0.01),与临床扩展致残量表评分(EDSS)无相关性(r=0.214,P0.05)。结论 NMO患者外周血NfHSMI-35明显升高,有可能成为NMO的生物标志物,并有可能成为与MS相鉴别的临床监测指标,但仍需要进一步观察和研究。     

光相干连续断层成像术在视神经脊髓炎谱系病的临床应用

目的探讨光相干连续断层成像术(OCT)在视神经脊髓炎谱系病(NMOSD)的临床应用。方法利用OCT对49例NMOSD患者(NMOSD组)和1 5例健康对照志愿者(对照组)视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度进行比较;NMOSD组再根据是否伴视神经炎、水通道蛋白抗体状态(AQP4-IgG)等对NMOSD组分为伴视神经炎(NMOSD-ON)亚组(34例);不伴视神经炎(NMOSD-NON)亚组(15例)。比较各亚组的RNFL厚度差异;采用扩展病残状态评分(EDSS)评价神经功能缺损程度,分析EDSS与RNFL是否存在相关性。结果 NMOSD患者受累眼的RNFL各象限厚度与未受累眼和对照组比较显著变薄(P0.01);NMOSD未受累眼与对照组比较,RNFL厚度差异无显著性(P0.05)。AQP4-IgG阳性或阴性NMOSD-ON亚组的RNFL厚度比较差异无显著性(P0.05);RNFL厚度变化与NMOSD残障的严重程度无相关性(P0.05)。结论 RNFL变薄仅在NMOSD受累眼表现,厚度变化与AQP4-IgG无关,OCT可能有助于临床对NMOSD诊疗提供参考指标。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与视神经脊髓炎关系的探讨

目的探讨视神经脊髓炎(NMO)患者体内同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化。方法检测51例NMO患者(NMO组)和55名健康人群(对照组)的血清Hcy水平;比较具有不同水通道蛋白4抗体(AQP4-ab)状态以及NMO病灶数量与Hcy水平的关系。结果 NMO组和对照组血清Hcy浓度分别为(14.919±5.443)μmol·L-1和(10.426±3.256)μmol·L-1,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);男性NMO患者Hcy水平明显高于女性患者(P0.01)。AQP4-ab阳性和阴性的NMO患者Hcy分别为(15.121±5.694)μmol·L-1和(14.476±4.996)μmol·L-1,差异无统计学意义(P=0.699)。NMO多病灶和单病灶患者Hcy分别为(16.494±5.669)μmol·L-1和(13.902±5.129)μmol·L-1,多病灶患者Hcy平均水平高于单病灶患者,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.097)。两组维生素B12和叶酸水平比较,均差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 NMO患者,尤其是男性患者具有较高的Hcy水平,与体内叶酸、维生素B12水平和AQP4-ab状态无关。     

脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平在视神经 脊髓炎患者中的变化及其意义

目的 探讨脑脊液B淋巴细胞活化因子(BAFF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平在视神经脊髓炎(NMO)患者中的变化及其意义。方法 选取2015年1月-2018年1月本院收治的NMO患者50例作为NMO组,选取同期多发性硬化症(MS)患者50例作为MS组及非炎性神经系统疾病患者50例作为对照组,所有患者均检测脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平、急性期扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评分、水通道蛋白4抗体(AQP4-Ab)滴度,分析BAFF、VEGF与EDSS评分、AQP4-Ab滴度的关系。结果 NMO组和MS组脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平明显高于对照组,NMO组脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平和EDSS评分、AQP4-Ab滴度阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.05); Pearson相关性分析显示,脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平均与EDSS评分呈正相关(r=0.695,0.668,P<0.05),但均与AQP4-Ab滴度无关(r=0.121,0.116,P>0.05)。结论 脑脊液BAFF、VEGF水平与NMO的发生发展有关,检测二者水平可作为鉴别NMO、MS及评估NMO病情的重要参考指标。     

Serum uric acid levels and neuromyelitis optica

Uric acid (UA) has been reported to be reduced in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON). However, the relationship between UA and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was unknown. NMO was claimed to be a distinct nosologic entity from MS. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between serum UA level and the clinical characteristics of NMO. The serum UA level was measured in 403 Chinese patients; 69 with NMO, 32 ON, 127 MS, 80 cerebral infarction (CI) patients, and 95 healthy controls (CTL). Serum UA level in NMO was significantly lower than that in CI (249.89 ± 93.74 vs. 315.42 ± 85.57 μmol/L, p = 0.004) and CTL (249.89 ± 93.74 vs. 314.33 ± 102.05 μmol/L, p < 0.0001). However, no difference was found between NMO and MS (p = 0.496) or NMO and ON (p = 0.858). When the analysis was performed in the female cohort separately, UA level was significantly lower in females than in males in all groups. It was also shown in our study that UA level in patients with NMO was not correlated with disease activity revealed by MRI, disease disability or duration of disease. Our results indicated a reduced serum UA level in patients with NMO.     

临床孤立综合征转归为视神经脊髓炎的相关因素分析

目的探讨临床孤立综合征(CIS)转归为视神经脊髓炎(NMO)的影响因素。方法收集2004-09-2011-09就诊于作者医院神经内科CIS患者109例。回顾性分析所有患者首次发病时头颅和脊髓MRI特点及临床表现。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清水通道蛋白4抗体(AQP4-Ab)水平,另备30份健康者血清作为健康对照组,以高于健康对照组血清AQP4-Ab浓度的均值+3倍标准差者为阳性。结果 (1)随访0.5～7年,中位数为3.0年,四分位数间距为4.6年,转归为NMO 46例,转归为多发性硬化(MS)29例,其余仍是CIS,包括24例脊髓炎,10例视神经炎(ON)。(2)转归为NMO组血清AQP4-Ab水平明显高于MS组、脊髓炎组、ON组和健康对照组(P<0.05)。(3)转归为NMO组AQP4-Ab阳性率为63.03%(29/46),高于转归为MS组的13.79%(4/29)、脊髓炎组的29.17%(7/24)、ON组的20.00%(2/10),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)多因素分析结果提示:AQP4-Ab阳性、NMO颅内典型病灶、脊髓损伤>3个节段、扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)与CIS转归为NMO有关。结论 AQP4-Ab阳性、NMO颅内典型病灶或者脊髓损伤>3个节段、EDSS评分对预测CIS转归为NMO有临床价值。     

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I/II) associated with recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM): two case reports

We describe two patients with recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I/II) exposure, and with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in one case. HTLV-I/II are well known retroviral agents of myelopathy and B-cell dysfunction in humans. NMO is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), also linked to B-cell dysfunction. Therefore, the immunopathogenesis of NMO may in some cases be linked to human HTLV exposure. Awareness of a possible association with human retroviral exposure will contribute to the optimal diagnosis and management of patients presenting with LETM or NMO.