腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合手术配合

目的 探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除标本套入式吻合保肛术手术配合方法及配合模式.方法 对30例低位直肠癌经腹腔镜下根治腹部无切口经肛门切除标本行套入式吻合保肛术的手术配合,均采用统一的整体规范管理模式,四做到：术前访视患者、术前与手术医师沟通、术前熟悉解剖与手术程序、术前特殊仪器和器械准备.六配合：手术体位配合、气腹建立配合、上夹切断肠系膜下动静脉配合、游离直肠下段配合、肛门显露与切除标本配合、套入式吻合配合.结果 本组30例低位直肠癌患者,平均手术时间为178 min,腹部手术时间约为132 min,经肛门套入式吻合操作时间46 min,术中无任何意外发生,无中转手术,均顺利完成手术.结论 腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合是一个创新手术,手术配合强调规范化,四做到、六配合模式是有效配合手术医师顺利完成手术的重要保证.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛切除套入式吻合102例经验

目的探讨腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合术的安全性和可行性及临床疗效。 方法从2010年3月至2017年12月对102例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下根治经肛门切除行套入式吻合保肛术,男43例,女59例。年龄36～81岁(平均59.6岁)。肿瘤距肛缘5～7 cm 85例,4 cm 17例,术前评估T₁N₀M₀ 79例,T₂N₀M₀ 23例。采用中间入路用超声刀沿乙状结肠系膜根部游离并裸化肠系膜下动静脉根部后,施夹并切断。按TME原则,游离直肠至肛管直肠环达肿瘤远端3～5 cm。会阴部手术距齿状线上2 cm处环型切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至提肛肌平面切断直肠,将直肠及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及肠黏膜下吻合。 结果本组102例,手术平均时间为179 min,平均检出淋巴结13枚,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.9%)行临时结肠造口,3个月后还纳愈合。吻合口狭窄2例(1.9%),经扩张后狭窄解除。术后病理为T₁～T₂N₀M₀ 49例,T₂N₁M₀ 53例。术后12个月肛门功能,Kirwan分级1级占94.1%,肛门功能基本恢复到正常。术后随访6～84月,平均45个月,局部肿瘤复发4例(3.9%),生存满3年以上67例。 结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术,是安全可行,真正达到腹部无手术切口、无瘢痕、美容美观、完全微创的最佳效果,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合保肛术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合保肛术式的安全性和可行性.方法 2011年3～4月间北京军区北京总医院对5例低位直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜低位直肠癌经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术.用超声刀完成肠系膜根部周围淋巴结清扫,肠系膜下动静脉根部结扎切断,直肠游离至尾骨尖肿瘤远端5 cm;采用5针悬吊法暴露肛门术野,距齿状线上1 cm处环形切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至肛提肌平面,切断直肠,将直肠肿瘤及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及黏膜下吻合.结果 5例患者腹腔镜手术均获成功,平均手术时间178 min,平均术中出血量76 ml;平均淋巴结检出数目14枚.术后3 d肠蠕动恢复,无一例出现术后并发症,腹部及肛门未见手术切口及明显瘢痕,平均术后住院时间12 d.结论 腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合保肛术安全、可行,腹部无手术切口.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety, feasibility and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic sphincter-preserving proctectomy for low rectal cancer using transanal telescopic anastomosis. Methods Five patients underwent laparoscopic sphincter-preserving proctectomy for low rectal cancer using transanal telescopic anastomosis between March 2011 and April 2011 at the General Hospital of Beijing Military Command. After lymph node dissection around the mesentery using harmonic scalpel, the root of the inferior mesenteric vessel was ligated and transected. Rectal dissection was further carried out until 5 cm distal to the lower margin of the tumor. A circumferential incision was made 1.0 cm above the dentate line using 5 support stitches for exposure. The submucous layer was striped upward to the level of the levator ani, and rectum was transected. Rectum and sigmoid colon were extracted transanally and removed. Finally, colonanal anastomosis was made using telescopic technique. Results Five patients underwent the procedure successfully. The mean operative time was 178 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 76 ml. The mean lymph nodes retrieval was 14. Bowel function recovered after a mean of 3 days. There were no postoperative complications. No obvious scars were seen in the abdomen or the anus. The mean hospital stay was 12 days. After one year of follow-up, all the patients survived cancer-free. Conclusions Laparoscopic anterior resection with sphincter preservation by transanal telescopic anastomosis for low rectal cancer is feasible and safe. Abdominal incision is minimal. However, the long-term outcomes require further investigation.     

不同吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的对比研究

目的:探讨各种吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2003～2010年腹腔镜下利用不同吻合技术施行52例低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料。结果:52例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,术后肠管切缘病理切片均无癌浸润,其中利用双吻合器吻合技术12例,腹腔镜下荷包缝合直肠残端用吻合器完成结直肠吻合16例,肛门外拖出直肠远端闭合再用吻合器完成结直肠吻合14例,经肛门拖出式手工吻合10例。结论:消化道吻合技术是腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的技术难点,掌握不同的吻合技术可缩短腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术的学习曲线,提高保肛率。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除保肛术的实践与技术

腹腔镜技术在低位直肠癌治疗中的应用仍是当前结直肠手术发展中极受关注的热点问题之一.正确合理的手术操作技术和充分的手术实践是腹腔镜直肠癌手术得以安全有效开展的基础.腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术、腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术联合经肛门括约肌间切除或经肛门直肠脱出外翻等术式是腹腔镜下低位直肠癌切除保肛手术可选的手术方法.而根据肿瘤位置的高低,还可选择吻合器法或经肛结肠肛管吻合等吻合方法.     

套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗低位直肠癌86例的临床研究

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保留肛门括约肌功能最理想的治疗术式。方法 对86例低位直肠癌切除后经肛门行套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术。肿瘤下缘距肛缘6－7cm 62例，8－10cm 24例。结果 全组无手术死亡，无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生。术后8－12周时排便功能控制良好，排便次数为1－4次／d，18周时肛门排便功能基本恢复正常，排便次数为1－2次／d。术后随访3个月至8年，总的局部复发率为3．7％（3／81），总的5年生存率为66．7％（14／21）。结论 套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术可避免腹部结肠造口，并防止吻合口瘘的发生，作为低位直肠癌保肛手术，是一种安全的术式。     

男性低位直肠癌患者腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除联合直肠经肛门拖出式吻合术的治疗体会

目的探讨男性低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除联合直肠经肛门拖出式吻合术的治疗效果。方法回顾性总结23例男性低位直肠癌患者保肛手术成功的经验。结果本组病例行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术,充分游离直肠下端并离断肿瘤近端后,将远端直肠和肿瘤一并经肛门拖出,闭合器切闭肿瘤远端,管状吻合器行直肠与降结肠端端吻合。23例患者均成功保留肛门,无手术死亡。术中及术后病理检查残端无肿瘤残留,术后均未发生吻合口漏。结论针对骨盆相对狭窄的男性患者,利用腹腔镜行全直肠系膜切除联合直肠经肛门拖出式吻合术,对于低位直肠癌保留肛门是安全可靠的,它可以简化手术难度,提高低位直肠癌保肛手术的成功率。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌拖出保肛术中J形端侧吻合的应用

目的 探讨J形端侧吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌拖出保肛术中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析8例低位直肠癌应用腹腔镜经肛门拖出切除J形端侧吻合术的情况,腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除,直肠经肛门拖出切除,J形端侧结直肠或结肠肛管吻合.结果 所有患者顺利完成手术,手术时间180～240 min、平均210 min.术中出血30～80 m...     

低位直肠癌根治性切除套入式吻合保肛术231例临床研究

目的探讨套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术治疗中低位直肠癌的可行性和安全性及临床疗效。方法对231例中低位直肠癌经腹肛门根治性切除行套人式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术进行回顾性分析。结果231例术后随访率为85．3％（197／231）,中位随访时间为5．9年（2个月-14年）。术后发生吻合口瘘8例（3．4％）,吻合口狭窄3例（1．2％）,术后12—24周时排便功能基本恢复正常。术后局部复发率为5．1％（10／197）,肝转移率为15．2％（30／197）。肺转移率为2．5％（5／197）,术后5年总体生存率为71．6％。结论套入式吻合保肛术既能减少吻合口瘘发生,又可保留良好的肛门排便控制功能,可显著提高患者术后生活质量,是中低位直肠癌一种安全有效的保肛术式。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中拖出切除吻合术的临床应用

目的：探讨经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院近几年应用经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术35例患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果所有手术标本远端阴性切缘≥2 cm,环周病理检查未见癌细胞侵润。术后无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄或大便失禁等并发症。随访1个月~5年,无种植性肿瘤转移和局部复发患者。结论经肛门外翻拖出切除吻合术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中具有微创和安全可靠的临床效果。     

Feasibility,accuracy and optimal location for oesophageal core temperature measurements using the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway drain tube

We determined the feasibility, accuracy and optimal location of oesophageal core temperature measurements using the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway drain tube. Thirty normothermic anaesthetized ventilated adults (ASA 1 to 2, aged 18 to 80 years) were studied. Temperatures were recorded using a thermistor at six different locations (middle of drain tube and at 0 to 20 cm distal to the drain tube in 5 cm increments) and compared to nasopharyngeal (thermistor) and aural (infrared tympanic thermometer) reference core temperatures. The temperature probe was successfully inserted into the oesophagus in all patients at the first attempt. Oesophageal temperature increased with depth from 0 to 5 cm (35.2 v 35.9, P < 0.0001) and 5 to 10 cm (35.9 v 36.3, P < 0.01), but was unchanged from 10 to 15 cm (36.3 v 36.6) and 15 to 20 cm (36.6 v 36.7). Aural temperature was higher than nasopharyngeal temperature (36.8 v 36.0, P < 0.0001). Aural temperature was 0.89 to 1.59 degrees C higher than the oesophagus at 0 to 5 cm and 0.21 to 0.30 degree C higher than the oesophagus at 15 to 20 cm. Nasopharyngeal temperature was 0.06 to 0.76 degree C higher than the oesophagus at 0 to 5 cm and 0.62 to 0.84 degree C lower than the oesophagus at 15 to 20 cm. The lowest temperature was in the mid-point of the drain tube (34.7). We conclude that oesophageal core temperature measurement is feasible and accurate using the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. The optimal location for the temperature probe is at 15 to 20 cm.     

The influence of different sizes and types of wound fillers on wound contraction and tissue pressure during negative pressure wound therapy

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) contracts the wound and alters the pressure in the tissue of the wound edge, which accelerates wound healing. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the type (foam or gauze) and size (small or large) of wound filler for NPWT on wound contraction and tissue pressure. Negative pressures between --20 and --160 mmHg were applied to a peripheral porcine wound (n = 8). The pressure in the wound edge tissue was measured at distances of 0·1, 0·5, 1·0 and 2·0 cm from the wound edge and the wound diameter was determined. At 0·1 cm from the wound edge, the tissue pressure decreased when NPWT was applied, whereas at 0·5 cm it increased. Tissue pressure was not affected at 1·0 or 2·0 cm from the wound edge. The tissue pressure, at 0·5 cm from the wound edge, was greater when using a small foam than when using than a large foam. Wound contraction was greater when using a small foam than when using a large foam during NPWT. Gauze resulted in an intermediate wound contraction that was not affected by the size of the gauze filler. The use of a small foam to fill the wound causes considerable wound contraction and may thus be used when maximal mechanical stress and granulation tissue formation are desirable. Gauze or large amounts of foam result in less wound contraction which may be beneficial, for example when NPWT causes pain to the patient.     

肺癌根治术后胸壁缺损重建方法的探讨

目的 探讨肺癌直接侵犯胸壁的根治性手术和胸壁重建的不同方法和效果.方法 回顾性总结27例肺癌直接侵犯胸壁根治手术的临床资料,行肺叶切除24例,全肺切除3例,所有患者手术中同时切除肺癌直接侵犯的胸壁,胸壁切除范围从6.5 cm×5.4 cm×5.0 cm至15.5 cm×12.5 cm×10.0 cm,切除肿瘤所侵犯的肋...     

旋髂浅动脉穿支嵌合骨皮瓣修复四肢骨与软组织缺损

目的 探讨旋髂浅动脉穿支嵌合骨皮瓣修复四肢骨与软组织缺损的应用特点.方法 2008年2月至2009年4月应用旋髂浅动脉穿支嵌合骨皮瓣修复四肢骨与软组织缺损5例,男4例,女1例;年龄22～44岁,平均31.2岁.车祸伤3例,机器挤压伤2例.掌骨2例,足2例,腓骨1例.皮肤缺损面积5 cm×2 cm～16 cm×5 cm.骨瓣切取范围2 cm×1 cm×0.8 cm～8 cm×2 cm×0.5 cm,皮瓣切取范围6cm×3 cm～18 cm×6 cm.血管吻合除1例动脉端侧吻合外,均采用端端吻合方式.骨瓣以钢板螺钉固定4例,克氏针固定1例.结果 1例术后第2天出现动脉危象,探查后发生皮瓣边缘浅表性坏死,经植皮愈合,其余皮瓣全部存活.供区伤口8～27 d愈合.全部患者随访8～19个月,皮瓣外观满意,无须特殊保护.骨愈合时间3～6个月.髋部外形轮廓未改变,无髋区疼痛,无瘢痕增生.修复手部缺损者患手恢复握持功能,基本恢复对掌功能;修复下肢缺损者患肢可负重,无疼痛.结论 旋髂浅动脉穿支嵌合骨皮瓣供区损伤小,是修复小面积骨缺损,尤其是合并较大范围软组织缺损的一种较好方法.     

Clinicopathological study of intestinal smooth muscles,interstitial cells of Cajal,and enteric neurons in neonatal jejuno-ileal atresia with special reference to muscle morphometry

PurposeTo assess the thickness of the intestinal smooth muscle layer and analyze the distribution and density of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and enteric neurons in the proximal and distal segments of neonatal jejuno-ileal atresia.MethodsThis is an observational study done over a period of one year in which fifteen cases of jejuno-ileal atresia were included. All the cases underwent laparotomy and resection of the atretic segment with variable portions of the dilated proximal segment and distal segment. Histopathological analysis was done on the sections taken from proximal segments (at 3 cm, 5 cm & 8 cm) and the distal segment (at 2 cm) from the atretic portion. The mean thickness of the inner circular muscle layer (ICML) and outer longitudinal muscle layer (OLML) was assessed in the above segments using image morphometry. In addition, we also analyzed the distribution and density of the ICCs and enteric neurons in the different segments using immunohistochemistry for c-kit and S-100, respectively. Controls included normal jejuno-ileal segments resected from postmortem cases (n = 7) and other nonrelated surgeries (n = 3). The findings were then compared with each-other and with normal controls.ResultsMean thickness of ICML and OLML of the proximal segments at 8 cm was significantly lower than at 3 cm and 5 cm of ileal and jejunal atresias (p ? 0.5). The mean thickness of ICML and OLML of distal segments at 2 cm was similar to the controls in all the atretic cases (p ? 0.5). The mean ICML thickness at proximal 8 cm segment was similar to the distal segment of both ileal & jejunal atresias (p = 0.06 & 0.37 respectively). The mean thickness of the OLML of the proximal 8 cm segments was significantly more than that at the distal segment (p = 0.008) in ileal atresias but was similar in cases of jejunal atresias (p = 0.07). Both the proximal and distal segments of ileal as well as jejunal atresias showed reduction in distribution and density of ICCs, as compared to normal controls. The density of ICCs in proximal segments at 3 cm and 5 cm was similar in both ileal (p = 0.33) and jejunal segments (p = 0.41) but was significantly lower than the proximal 8 cm segments (p ? 0.05).The distribution of ICCs in the proximal segment at 8 cm was similar to the distal segments (p ? 0.05). S-100 staining showed dense expression of neurons and glial cells with presence of submucosal giant ganglia within the proximal dilated segments as compared to the distal segments and the controls, which were more marked at 3 cm and 5 cm levels than at 8 cm level.ConclusionMuscle morphometry using image analysis is a simple technique to assess the thickness of the intestinal smooth muscle layers. There is significant smooth muscle hypertrophy along with marked alteration in density and distribution of ICCs and ENS in the dilated proximal segments up to 5 cm, and relatively milder changes at 8 cm levels, as compared to the distal segments and the controls.Type of studyPrognosis study.Level of evidenceLevel II.     

Evaluation with three-dimensional computed tomography after anterior skull base reconstruction using two musculopericranial flaps and a grafted bone

Postoperative evaluation by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) was performed in 15 patients who underwent anterior skull base reconstruction using two musculopericranial flaps and a grafted bone sandwiched between the two flaps. Especially in the case of large bone grafts (4 x 4 cm or more), the graft was positioned with the convex side facing upward into the cranial cavity to avoid creating an intracranial dead space. The extent of the absorption and changes in the contour of the grafted bone were evaluated. Imaging was done at a CT level of 150 using a Proceed 3-D CT scanner (Yokogawa Medical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Donor bone for grafting to the skull base was harvested the cranium in 10 patients and the ilium in 5 others. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 76 years (mean, 47); there were 10 men and 5 women. The grafted bone ranged in size from 1 x 2 cm to 5 x 8 cm (1 x 2 cm to about 4 x 3 cm: 10 patients; 4 x 4 to about 5 x 8 cm: 5 patients).No marked absorption of grafted bone was seen in these 15 patients, and no brain hernia occurred. In patients with large bone grafts (4 x 4 cm to about 5 x 8 cm), a graft that had been positioned with the convex side facing upward into cranial cavity at the time of transplant was subsequently observed to be transformed into a downward convex contour of normal skull base. Fostoperative infection did not occur because of the dead space nor were there any symptom of pressure on the brain because of the upward convexity of the grafted bone.The present reconstructive method is not only a minimum invasive but also a safe and reliable method for anterior skull base surgery.     

游离股后侧穿支动脉皮瓣修复腕及手部创面

目的：探讨游离股后侧穿支皮瓣修复腕手部软组织缺损临床疗效。方法2008年3月-2012年12月,对5例上肢皮肤软组织缺损采用股后侧穿支皮瓣修复,组织缺损范围为3 cm×215;8 cm～6 cm×215;12 cm,穿支皮瓣大小为3 cm×215;8 cm～8 cm×215;16 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合。结果本组5例股后侧穿支皮瓣均成活,受区及供区一期愈合。患者均获得6～12个月随访,皮瓣色泽、质地良好。结论游离股后侧穿支皮瓣切取简便,供区隐蔽,质地优良,是修复腕手部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术的临床应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术(video-assisted thoracoscopy plus minithoracotomy, VATM)在胸部疾病中的应用价值. 方法患侧腋中线第7肋间做1.5 cm长切口置胸腔镜,探查胸内病变的部位.接近病变处做长5～8 cm切口,经肋间或肋床进胸,使用普通手术器械与胸腔镜手术器械,在镜下和直视下进行探查、分离、止血、缝合等操作,实施VATM 43例. 结果手术时间40～150 min,平均67 min.小切口长5～8 cm,平均6 cm.胸管引流时间2～5 d.术后无并发症.术后住院5～8 d,平均6 d.18例自发性气胸及胸腔积液者随访3～22个月,无复发.3例肺癌行肺叶切除或楔形切除,随访5～20个月,无复发、远处转移及切口种植.6例晚期肺癌行单纯活检,术后行化疗及伽玛刀治疗,存活时间5～21个月. 结论 VATM应用范围广,创伤小,安全,使用常规手术器械,有很好的应用前景.     

Local radiotherapy in the management of squamous carcinoma of the anus

This paper describes the results of treating 74 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and perianal skin using interstitial radiotherapy as primary treatment. This technique does not involve irradiation of regional lymph nodes. The local control rate for patients with tumours smaller than 5 cm and with negative inguinal nodes was significantly better than for the remaining patients (64 versus 23 per cent). Only 3 of 41 patients with tumours less than 5 cm diameter had clinically significant nodes at presentation, while in 33 patients with tumours larger than 5 cm there were 6 with involved nodes at presentation. Local treatment using interstitial radiotherapy is suggested as useful primary treatment for small, node-negative carcinomas, with surgery held in reserve for failures.     

骨外固定架与髂骨皮瓣移植联合应用治疗小腿骨及软组织缺损

目的探讨骨外固定架与髂骨皮瓣移植I期联合修复胫骨缺损伴小腿软组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法对28例胫骨及其周围软组织缺损早期应用骨外固定架与髂骨皮瓣移植治疗。皮肤缺损面积：5cm×5cm～9cm×20cm;手术切除皮瓣面积：5cm×7cm～12cm×23cm;切取髂骨块5cm×3.5cm～10cm×3.5cm。对于较大面积的骨皮组织缺损,应用同时携带旋髂深及旋髂浅双血管蒂的髂骨皮瓣移植治疗。结果髂骨植骨骨性愈合时间31周,无不愈合病例。骨皮瓣全部存活,无感染、坏死,外形及功能恢复满意。结论早期应用单侧外固定支架与髂骨皮瓣移植联合是修复合并骨及软组织缺损的小腿严重创伤的一种良好方法,双血管蒂为骨皮瓣的存活提供了可靠保障。