颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

西藏高原地区血管内介入治疗破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨西藏高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤的安全性、有效性及可行性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2010年11月我院经血管内介入治疗的8例破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤.8例患者均行DSA检查确诊,并根据动脉瘤的特点实施个性化血管内介入治疗:5例行弹簧圈栓塞术,2例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术,1例行单纯支架贴敷术.结果 8例中完全栓塞6例,次全栓塞1例,单纯支架贴敷1例.术中复查DSA显示:动脉瘤显影消失7例,单纯支架置入后瘤腔内对比剂滞留1例.1例宽颈动脉瘤行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫(肌力0级),经给予加强抗凝、抗血小板聚集、改善微循环等治疗后,下肢肌力恢复至Ⅴ级,上至肌力恢复至接近Ⅴ级.除术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级、GCS评分4分的1例因继发严重脑积水恢复至Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级、GCS评分7分外,其余7例均恢复正常.门诊随访1-5个月,无再出血或缺血事件发生.结论 高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效的,但围手术期的处理具有高原特色.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of endovascular interventional therapeutic techniques for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effects of endovascular interventional treatment for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in 8 cases in highland in Tibet 8 cases were performed DSA for accurate diagnosis and individualized endovascular interventional treatment were undergone according to the feature of the aneurysms; coiling in 5 cases, coiling with assistance of stent in 2 and pure stenting in 1. Results Among the 8 cases complete embolization was gained in 6 and hypo - complete embolization in 1. DSA review during procedure showed the image of aneurysm disappeared in 7 cases and retention of contrast agent inside the aneurysm in the case which was purely stented. Contralateral hemiplegia of limbs which muscle strength was 0 grade occurred in 1 case with wide - necked aneurysm treated by coiling with stent assistance after procedure. After the intensive treatment of antiplatelet, anticoagulation and to improve microcirculation, the muscle strength recovered to Ⅴ grade in the lower limb and near Ⅴ grade in the upper limb. After procedure except 1 case whose Hunt & Hess grade was in Ⅵ and GCS was 4 improved Hunt & Hess grade to Ⅲ and GCS to 4 because of secondary severe hydrocephalus, the other cases were all well recovered. During 1 to 5 months following - up of outpatient no re - hemorrhagic or ischemic event occurred. Conclusions Endovascular interventional treatment is safe, mini- invasive, effective and feasible for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet, but the peri - operative management was highland characteristic.     

辅助栓塞技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床应用(附36例报告)

目的 探讨多种辅助栓塞技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床应用.方法 共36例患者的41个颅内复杂动脉瘤行辅助栓塞治疗,方法包括球囊、支架辅助栓塞和双微导管栓塞技术.结果 宽颈动脉瘤33个,其中球囊辅助栓塞11例,完全栓塞7例,次全栓塞3例,另外1例因球囊放置困难改用双微导管栓塞技术;支架辅助栓塞15例,完全栓塞10例,次全及部分栓塞各2例,单纯支架植入1例;双微导管技术栓塞8例,完全栓塞6例,次全及部分栓塞各1例.梭形动脉瘤8个,全部行支架辅助栓塞,完全栓塞1例,次全栓塞6例,单纯支架植入1例.3例出现并发症,其中术中血栓形成2例,术后视野缺损1例.结论 球囊、支架辅助和双微导管栓塞技术是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤安全有效的方法,具体应根据动脉瘤部位、形态和患者临床情况进行选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of assisted coiling techniques in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms.Methods From Jun.2007 to Aug.2010, 36 patients with 41 complex intracranial aneurysms were treated by varient endovascular methods, including balloon, stent-assisted coiling and double microcatheter coiling techniques.Results Among the 33 wide-neck aneurysms, 11cases underwent balloon-assisted coiling, in which 7 were totally occluded, 3 subtotally occluded, 1 diverted to double microcatheter treatment after failure balloon placement 15 cases underwent stent-assisted coiling, in which 10 were totally occluded, 2 subtotally or partially occluded respectively, 1 by single stent placement without coiling.8 cases accepted double microcatheter treatment, 6 were totally occluded, 1 subtotally occluded and 1 partially occluded.All 8 fusiform aneurysms were treated by stent-assisted coiling, one case was totally occluded, 6 subtotally occluded, and another one was treated by single stent placement.The complications were found in 3 patients, including intra-operative thrombosis in 2 cases and dysopia in one case.Conclusion Balloon, stent-assisted coiling and double microcatheter techniques are safe and effective in treating complex intracranial aneurysms, but it should be determined by the position and morphologic characteristics of aneurysms as well as the patients' clinical condition.     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤时间窗的临床评价

Objective To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization treatment for intracranial aneurysms in different time. Methods To respectively analyse the clinical data of 165 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated by endovascular treatment. The patients were divided into 3 groups accrodding to the time of treatment, endovascular reatments were stated within 24 h in group A, 3 d in group B and after 3 d in group C. The outcomes and complications including rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala of 3 groups were compared. Results The incidence of rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala in group A and B were lower than that in group C ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Vasospasm in group C was most severe. The GOS score was highest in group A and lowest in group C. Conclusion Endovascular embolization treatment is a safe and effective method for treatment of intracranial aneurysm. The timing of treatment is a major factor for technical success.     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤时间窗的临床评价

Objective To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization treatment for intracranial aneurysms in different time. Methods To respectively analyse the clinical data of 165 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated by endovascular treatment. The patients were divided into 3 groups accrodding to the time of treatment, endovascular reatments were stated within 24 h in group A, 3 d in group B and after 3 d in group C. The outcomes and complications including rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala of 3 groups were compared. Results The incidence of rebleeding, vasospasm and hydrocephala in group A and B were lower than that in group C ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Vasospasm in group C was most severe. The GOS score was highest in group A and lowest in group C. Conclusion Endovascular embolization treatment is a safe and effective method for treatment of intracranial aneurysm. The timing of treatment is a major factor for technical success.     

Solitaire支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的初步使用经验

目的 评估应用新型颅内支架Solitaire结合弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效性和安全性,总结该支架的使用经验.方法 自2010年8月至2010年12月20例患者采用该支架辅助进行动脉瘤栓塞.通过手术前后影像学评价和患者出院时GOS评分,评估应用该支架的安全性和有效性.结果 所有支架均成功释放,手术成功率100%.总并发症发生率为15%,致死率为5%,手术相关并发症发生率5%.20例动脉瘤中,完全栓塞率65%,瘤颈残留率10%,不完全栓塞率25%.其中19例患者预后良好,GOS评分5分,1例患者死亡.结论 Solitaire支架在辅助治疗颅内动脉瘤方面是安全有效的.就其适用范围而言,该支架似乎更适合于直径2 mm以上的血管,其长期疗效仍需要进一步观察.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency of Solitaire? AB neurovascular remodeling device - assisted coil embolization for patients with wide - necked or complex aneurysms. Method From August 2010 to December 2010, the consecutive data were collected from 20 patients with aneurysms treated with comined stenting. All patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow - up after the initial treatment. Results Successful position of the remodeling device was obtained in all cases. There were three complications ( 15% ), and only one complication (5% ) was attributed to the application of stent. One of the three patients was dead for hydrocephalus caused by cerebral hemorrhage during AVM embolization. One thromboembolic complication occurred after the stent was deployed. One ophthalmic artery occlusion occurred after coiling. The proportion of patients in whom Raymond class 1 occlusion was obtained was 65% ( n = 13). Raymond class 2 occlusion was achieved in 10% ( n = 2) and Raymond class 3 occlusion in 25% ( n =5). Nineteen patients left the hospital with a good clinical status. Conclusions The initial technical and clinical results of Solitaire? AB device - assisted coiling of aneurysm are encouraging. But we suggest that it may be applied in the vessel which diameter is more than 2 mm. In addition,the long - term outcome of patients and experiences of using this device need further study.     

颈宽角——一个描述颅内动脉瘤瘤颈与载瘤动脉关系的概念

目的 报告一个描述颅内动脉瘤弧形瘤颈侵及、占据或涉及(以下称侵及)载瘤动脉圆周情况的新概念--"颈宽角",并探讨其指导动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的意义.方法 在载瘤动脉横断面像上,将载瘤动脉壁所构成的图形概括为圆;在此圆上,将动脉瘤瘤颈所侵及的载瘤动脉壁所对应的圆心角定义为颈宽角.回顾近期采用支架内球囊再塑形技术辅助微弹簧圈栓塞治疗的8例宽颈动脉瘤的颈宽角估测结果,结合其影像、栓塞情况,分析颈宽角概念的科学性、必要性、可行性和实用性.结果 8例动脉瘤的颈宽角均大于90°,其角度区间为:90°～135°有4例,136°～180°有2例,181°～225°有1例,226°～270°有1例.8例动脉瘤均采用支架内球囊再塑形技术辅助微弹簧圈而成功栓塞,填入的微弹簧圈边缘在瘤颈部呈弧形,相应的载瘤动脉壁被重建,瘤颈部栓塞满意.结论 颈宽角概念能够表达颅内动脉瘤,特别是一些无颈或梭形动脉瘤弧形瘤颈侵及载瘤动脉的情况,有助于其血管内治疗方法的选择.

Abstract：

Objective To describe a geometric parameter for delineating the extent to which the parent artery is incorporated by the aneurysm neck, and to investigate the application of this parameter in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm.Method In the 2D cross-section image obtained from the digital subtract angiography which containing simultaneously the aneurysm neck and the parent artery, the vessel lumen boundary of the parent artery is idealized to be a circle and two boundary points were thus determined in this circle where the aneurysm neck incorporating with the parent artery.The central angle formed by these two points and the circle center was defined as the arcuate neck angle, a new geometric parameter.Eight intracranial aneurysms embolized by utilizing the balloon-in-stent technique were reviewed for their measurement results of the arcuate neck angle, as well as their imaging and endovascular therapeutic data.The feasibility and practicability of utilizing this geometric parameter in endovascular treatment was investigated.Results The arcuate neck angle was more than 90° in all eight aneurysms.The measurement detail was as the following: more than 90° and less than or egual to 135° in four intracranial aneurysms,more than 135° and less than or egual to 180° in two,more than 180° and less than or egual to 225° in one, more than 225° and less than or egual to 270° in one aneurysm.These aneurysms were all successfully coil embolized.The margin of coil mass at the aneurysm neck appeared to be an arc, where the vessel wall of parent artery was reconstructed, and the aneurysm neck was also satisfactorily occluded for all cases.Conclusions The arcuate neck angle of intracranial aneurysms may approximately represent the extent to which the parent artery is incorporated by the aneurysm neck, especially for some fusiform ones or those without neck.It may benefit the optimization of endovascular therapy for intracranial aneurysms.     

弹簧圈闭塞基底动脉治疗巨大夹层动脉瘤一例并文献复习

目的 探讨弹簧圈闭塞基底动脉治疗巨大夹层动脉瘤的方法及可行性.方法 1例巨大的基底动脉夹层动脉瘤,行动脉瘤内的支架植入.术后DSA复查见夹层动脉瘤继续发展,并波及左侧椎动脉,且在椎基底动脉结合处呈球形扩张.采用弹簧圈将动脉瘤及基底动脉下端一并闭塞,闭塞后左侧椎动脉造影见基底动脉及动脉瘤不显影,右侧椎动脉造影仅见少量的血流缓慢通过.结果 术后患者恢复良好,无后遗症.随访至6个月时复查DSA,见基底动脉完全闭塞,动脉瘤不显影,侧枝循环代偿良好.结论 对于发生于基底动脉的夹层动脉瘤,可尝试采用弹簧圈闭塞基底动脉下端进行治疗,这为此类动脉瘤的治疗提供了新思路.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the method and result of endovascular treatment for a giant unruptured dissection of the basilar artery ( BA ) .Method A 14-year- old boy underwent computed tomography (CT) scan following a minor head trauma was incidentally found a lesion located anterior to brain stem. Further imaging with magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , computed tomography angiography ( CTA ) and digital subtraction angiography ( DSA )were consistent with a diagnosis of giant unruptured dissection of the BA.The patient was initially treated with BA stenting of the dissected lumen.The follow - up DSA obtained 15 days later showed thrombosis in dissected lumen and a reduction in diameter of the vessel wall.DSA obtained 3 months later revealed extension of the dissection inferiorly to involve the left vertebral artery ( VA ).The dissection expanded at the conjunction of VAs in the shape of ball.Therefore, coil embolization to partly occlude BA at the bottom of aneurysm was performed as a further treatment.Results The prognosis was good.Follow -up DSA 6 months later demonstrated complete obliteration of the dissection and good compensative perfusion from extensively established collateral circulation.Conclusions For young patients with isolated dissection of the BA, coil embolization to partly occlude BA at the bottom of aneurysm might be a tolerable and effective approach, which takes effect probably through resulting in the procedure of slow occlusion of BA.     

Outcomes of early physiotherapy in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization

Early physiotherapy was given to 124 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients were divided into four groups according to their Hunt and Hess grade at admission and aneurysm treatment modality: Group 1,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and surgical clipping;Group 2,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and endovascular embolization;Group 3,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and surgical clipping;Group 4,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and endovascular embolization.Level of consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale,functional status using the Glasgow Outcome Scale,level of the mobility using the Mobility Scale for acute stroke patients,and independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel Index.After early physiotherapy,the level of consciousness and functional status improved significantly in Groups 1,3,and 4;mobility improved significantly in all groups;and independence in activities of daily living improved significantly in Groups 1 and 3.At discharge, Groups 1 and 2 had better functional status than Groups 3 and 4.Level of consciousness,functional status,mobility and independence in activities of daily living improved after early physiotherapy. These findings suggest that early physiotherapy improved the prognosis of patients with cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients with a worse clinical status at presentation had a poorer functional status at discharge.The outcome of physiotherapy was not affected by whether surgical clipping or endovascular embolization was chosen for treatment of the aneurysm.     

血管内治疗颅内后循环夹层动脉瘤13例

目的总结颅内后循环夹层动脉瘤的诊断和血管内治疗经验。方法回顾性分析13例血管内治疗后循环夹层动脉瘤的临床资料,采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞4例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞4例,单纯弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉3例,单纯支架置入2例。结果完全栓塞7例,次全栓塞3例,载瘤动脉闭塞3例。随访11例,时间6～24个月,平均7.6个月;临床症状均不同程度改善,出现脑缺血症状1例,死亡2例;DSA或MRA复查发现复发1例,支架内血管狭窄1例。结论血管内治疗是颅内后循环夹层动脉瘤的合适选择,长期随访对评价血管内治疗的有效性和安全性非常必要。     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入栓塞术临床疗效和安全性研究

目的探讨介入栓塞颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的技术要点,评价其临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年4月-2016年10月云浮市人民医院因微小颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血而行介入栓塞治疗患者的临床资料,评价栓塞治疗的临床疗效、手术并发症及患者预后情况。结果研究共纳入23例微小颅内动脉瘤破裂患者,均在全身麻醉下采用弹簧圈栓塞治疗,其中17例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,6例采用支架辅助治疗。致密栓塞19例(82.61%),4例(17.39%)瘤颈残余。所有患者载瘤动脉均通畅,术中无动脉瘤破裂出血,1例(4.35%)术中发生载瘤动脉狭窄闭塞,置入支架后载瘤动脉恢复通畅。术后6~30个月DSA随访均无再出血。1例(4.35%)瘤颈残余患者1年后出现瘤颈部动脉瘤复发,给予支架辅助栓塞治疗。23例患者术后6个月时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分0分共21例,2分有2例。结论介入栓塞技术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的治疗手段,术后治疗效果良好。     

前交通动脉瘤介入治疗效果分析

目的探讨颅内前交通动脉瘤介入治疗方法和技术操作要点。 方法选取新疆医科大学附属中医医院神经外一科自2013年7月至2018年8月收治的15例前交通动脉瘤患者,其中12例破裂动脉瘤,3例未破裂动脉瘤。按Hunt-Hess分级：0级3例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例。6例患者采用3D弹簧圈成篮编织技术治疗,9例患者采用血管内支架辅助技术治疗。 结果动脉瘤腔致密栓塞15例,栓塞程度达90%以上者10例（66.7%）,栓塞程度在70%~90%者5例（33.3%）,无死亡病例。 结论3D弹簧圈成篮编织技术与血管内支架辅助技术均可达到前交通动脉瘤治愈的目的。     

106例颅内复杂动脉瘤的支架应用

目的 总结血管内支架技术辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效，探讨其技术要点、并发症防治及评估该技术的安全性。方法 回顾性分析106例颅内复杂动脉瘤血管内支架技术应用。单纯支架技术6例，一期支架辅助弹簧圈治疗动脉瘤59例，二期支架结合弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤40例，一期治疗病例中，先放微导管后放支架28例，先放支架后放微导管31例。结果 106例患者宽颈动脉瘤60例，梭形动脉瘤25例、夹层动脉瘤15例、假性动脉瘤6例。支架无法到位1例，105例第一次栓塞术后即时造影动脉瘤完全栓塞70例(66．7％)，动脉瘤大部分栓塞35例(33．3％)。术中动脉瘤破裂3例，术后脑梗塞4例，支架移位4例。80例3个月至24个月造影随访，动脉瘤消失50例(62．5％)，部分残留30例(37．5％)，其中20例行再次弹簧圈栓塞，完全栓塞15例(75％)。80例两次完全栓塞共65例(82．5％)。临床随访105例病人死亡1例，术后遗留永久性神经功能障碍2例。结论 支架技术辅助微弹簧圈栓塞提高了颅内复杂动脉瘤的近期疗效，是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的一种有效方法，但长期疗效尚有待进一步的随访研究。     

LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段夹层动脉瘤（DA-SICA）的可行性、有效性。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年7月运用LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的28例DA-SICA的临床资料。结果 双LVIS支架辅助栓塞13例，术后即刻造影显示Raymond分级Ⅰ级10例，Ⅱ级3例；单LVIS支架辅助栓塞15例，术后即刻造影显示均为Raymond分级Ⅰ级。术中动脉瘤破裂出血2例。围手术期死亡3例，其中2例死于恶性脑肿胀，1例死于再出血。存活25例术后随访3~49个月，平均（26.5±2.5）个月；2例术后复发，再次使用LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治愈；其余23例术后3个月复查DSA无动脉瘤复发及载流动脉狭窄。结论 LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗DA-SICA，是一种有效、可行的选择，使用支架的数目应根据术中具体情况决定，术后应制定个体化的抗血小板治疗方案。     

血管内介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤(附88例报告)

目的总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验，着重讨论微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法、技术和手术相关并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤88例病人(90个动脉瘤)的临床资料。采用电解脱铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞28例．可解脱式弹簧圈(DCS)栓塞18例，多点电解脱弹簧圈(EDC)栓塞42例。结果100％闭塞70例．95％～90％闭塞13例．80％闭塞5例。术后发生手术相关并发症9例，包括微弹簧圈移位3例，术中动脉瘤破裂4例，严重脑血管痉挛2例；其中2例死亡。结论血管内栓塞动脉瘤是一种微创、安全、有效治疗动脉瘤的方法。选择正确的技术和方法对改善动脉瘤栓塞治疗效果，减少并发症有重要意义。     

颅内巨大动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨颅内巨大动脉瘤（GAs）血管内治疗的技术和疗效。方法回顾分析42例GAs血管内治疗病人的临床资料。结果29例载瘤动脉闭塞病人中,1例术后2月死于蛛网膜下腔出血,1例术后3个月出现脑缺血症状。9例弹簧圈栓塞和支架结合弹簧圈栓塞的病人,1例完全栓塞,8例有不同程度的弹簧圈移位。4例覆膜支架病人,1例术后6小时GAs再次破裂导致死亡,3例GAs闭塞。结论血管内治疗GAs是安全、有效的,首选载瘤动脉闭塞,弹簧圈部分栓塞能够减低动脉瘤破裂的风险,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞能够增加动脉瘤致密栓塞的可能,降低复发率,随着材料和工艺的发展优化,覆膜支架有希望成为最佳的治疗选择。     

后循环动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的探讨后循环动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的临床应用。方法 14例后循环动脉瘤患者Hunt&Hess分级分为Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例;数字减影血管造影(DSA)显示椎动脉瘤2例,小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤5例,基底动脉尖动脉瘤2例,基底动脉末端动脉瘤1例,小脑前下动脉瘤2例,大脑后动脉瘤2例。入组者均给予血管内介入治疗,其中7例囊性动脉瘤采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞术,5例采用Onxy胶载瘤动脉局部栓塞术,分别有1例应用支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞术及支架塑形术。结果术后DSA显示动脉瘤完全栓塞10例,近全栓塞3例。1例支架塑形术后梭形膨出明显好转。格拉斯哥预后量表评分为5分12例,3分1例,2分1例。随访3个月～5年,8例恢复正常,1例左侧偏瘫,1例死亡,4例失访。结论颅内后循环动脉瘤多为复杂动脉瘤,个体化血管内介入治疗是安全、有效的方法。     

Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Necked Intracranial Aneurysms : Techniques and Outcomes in 15 Patients

Objective

It is technically difficult to treat wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. Various tools and techniques have been introduced to overcome the related technical limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of wide-necked intracranial aneurysm treatment using the endovascular method.

Methods

Fifteen aneurysms in 15 patients were treated by the endovascular method from October 2009 to August 2010. Seven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), seven patients had unruptured aneurysms, and one patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage due to an incompletely clipped aneurysm. The mean dome-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-1.7) and the mean height-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-2.0). We used double microcatheters instead of a stent or a balloon for the first trial. When we failed to make a stable coil frame with two coils, we used a stent-assisted technique.

Results

All aneurysms were successfully embolized. Eleven aneurysms (73%) were embolized by the double microcatheter technique without stent insertion, and four aneurysms (27%) were treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. One case had subclinical procedure-related intraoperative hemorrhage. Another case had procedure-related thromboembolism in the left distal anterior cerebral artery. During the follow-up period, one patient (7%) had a recanalized aneurysmal neck 12 months after coil embolization. The recurrent aneurysm was treated by stent-assisted coil embolization.

Conclusion

We successfully treated 15 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. More clinical data with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the use of endovascular treatment for wide-necked aneurysm.     

In-Stent Stenosis of Stent Assisted Endovascular Treatment on Intracranial Complex Aneurysms

Objective

To introduce the frequency and segment analysis of in-stent stenosis for intracranial stent assisted endovascular treatment on complex aneurysms.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in 158 patients who had intracranial complex aneurysms and were treated by endovascular stent application with or without coil embolization. Of these, 102 patients were evaluated with catheter based angiography after 6, 12, and 18 months. Aneurysm location, using stent, time to stenosis, stenosis rate and narrowing segment were analyzed.

Results

Among follow-up cerebral angiography done in 102 patients, 8 patients (7.8%) were shown an in-stent stenosis. Two patients have unruptured aneurysm and six patients have ruptured one. Number of Neuroform stents were 7 cases (7.5%) and Enterprise stent in 1 case (11.1%). Six patients demonstrated in-stent stenosis at 6 months after stent application and remaining two patients were shown at 12 months, 18 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In-stent stenosis can be confronted after intracranial stent deployment. In our study, no patient showed symptomatic stenosis and there were no patients who required to further treatment except continuing antiplatets medication. In-stent stenosis has been known to be very few when they are placed into the non-pathologic parent artery during the complex aneurysm treatment, but the authors found that it was apt to happen on follow up angiography. Although the related symptom was not seen in our cases, the luminal narrowing at the stented area may result the untoward hemodynamic event in the specific condition.