青年与老年患者结直肠癌临床及病理特征比较

目的探讨青年与老年患者结直肠癌临床及病理特征。方法比较青年组40例与老年组160例结直肠癌患者性别、并存病、家族史、临床表现、病程、首诊情况、病灶部位、病理类型、治疗方法、Dukes分期、疾病预后情况等差异。结果与老年患者比较青年结直肠癌患者并存病少、疼痛及出血肠梗阻比例高、有家族史比例高、病程长、首诊确诊比例少、好发于左半结肠、组织学类型恶性程度高、Dukes分期C-D期为主、手术治疗比例高（P〈0.05）;两组性别构成及3年存活期无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论青年结直肠癌起病隐匿,早期诊断困难,提高对本病认识和警惕性,重视结直肠癌的防治达到早诊断目的。对诊断明确的结直肠癌及时行根治性手术是有效的手段。     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗进展

同时性肝转移占结直肠癌初诊病例的15—25％,是困扰结直肠癌治疗的一大难点和热点。手术治疗目前是结直肠癌及肝转移唯一可能获得治愈希望的治疗手段,切除原发结直肠癌和肝转移病灶术后5年生存率可达34％～38％。但超过85％的初诊患者无法接受手术切除,如何通过综合治疗,提高结直肠癌以及同时性肝转移的手术切除率,延长生存,尤其是同步切除原发和肝转移病灶成为了近期关注的重点。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗进展

一、手术适应证及手术时机的选择结直肠癌单纯转移至肝脏者占结直肠癌患者的 2 5 %,局限于肝一叶者又占肝转移的 2 5 %,因此结直肠癌出现肝转移且为单个结节或局限于一个肝叶的不超过 5 %,这部分患者行根治性肝切除率极高 ,可达 95 %左右[1] 。目前手术指征包括 :(1)肝转移病灶为孤立结节或病变范围较局限 ;(2 )无肝外转移或邻近脏器 (膈肌、门静脉 )转移 ;(3)结直肠癌切除后肝转移 ,原发癌灶局部复发可切除者 ;(4 )肝转移癌灶手术切除后复发者 ,病灶较局限 ,且无肝外转移也可考虑再次手术切除 ;(5 )出现肺部转移可行手术治疗者。Ｖｏｇｔ等…     

直肠癌误诊41例临床分析

直肠癌是常见结直肠癌之一，其近年来发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升趋势。外科治疗迄今仍是其主要的治疗手段，由于种种原因，临床上误诊而延误治疗者仍屡见不鲜，使不少能手术根治患者失去治疗良机。我院于2000年1月至2002年6月共收治直肠癌患者169例，其中首诊误诊41例，占24．2％，本文结合临床资料对其误诊的原因进行分析。     

结直肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗体会

为总结结直肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗经验,回顾分析我院2002～2013年行手术治疗的96例结直肠癌并发肠梗阻的患者资料,其中DukesC、D期占84．6％;右半结肠癌42例,左半结肠癌和直肠癌54例;右半结肠癌患者中,一期切除36例（一期吻合24例,二期吻合12例）,因肿瘤广泛浸润转移行肠造口术5例,行短路手术1例;左半结肠癌和直肠癌患者中,一期切除34例（一期吻合12例,二期吻合22例）,行Hartmann术8例,因广泛肿瘤浸润转移行肠造口术12例。结果显示,术后出现并发症18例,其中切口感染5例,吻合口漏3例,切口裂开2例,肺部、腹腔、泌尿系统感染各2例,肾功能不全1例,心律失常1例;围手术期死亡1例。本组患者5年生存率为30．2％（29／96）,其中一期切除者5年生存率为34．3％（24／70）,一期切除的70例患者中一期吻合和二期吻合者的5年生存率分别为36．1％（13／36）和32．4％（11／34）,两者比较差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。结果表明,对于结直肠癌并发肠梗阻,不但要力争手术解除肠梗阻,而且要力争一期切除肿瘤,只要做到肿瘤一期切除,吻合早晚对患者预后影响不大。具体手术方式的选择,应根据患者全身情况、术中探查情况、医院条件和医师的经验及能力综合考虑。     

结直肠癌并肠梗阻一期切除吻合器吻合效果分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌并肠梗阻一期切除吻合器吻合临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2011年6月间收治结直肠癌并肠梗阻患者72例,行肿瘤根治性切除,吻合器一期切除吻合.结果 72例患者中右半结肠癌28例,左半结肠癌24例,直肠癌20例,均一期切除吻合成功,未发生吻合口漏.治愈68例(94.4%),围手术期死亡4例(5.6%),术后发生严重并发症12例(16.7%).68例患者均获随访,随访时间0.5～5年,病死率55.9%(38/68);1、3、5年生存率分别为:91.2%(62/68)、73.5%(50/68)和44.1%(30/68).结论 结肠癌并肠梗阻行肿瘤根治性切除,吻合器一期切除吻合安全、可靠、省时,是提高吻合成功率,减少吻合口漏的方法之一.     

青年结直肠癌的临床及病理学特点分析

为探讨青年结直肠癌的临床及病理学特征,回顾分析2001年1月至2008年6月收治的50例青年结直肠癌患者的资料,并与同期老年结直肠癌患者进行对比。结果显示,两组患者的性别构成、病灶部位、3年存活率比较差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05;与老年结直肠癌患者比较,青年患者并存病少、临床表现不典型、病程长、首诊确诊比例少、确诊时间长、手术治疗多、Dukes分期高,P〈0．05。结果表明,青年结直肠癌患者有自身临床及病理学特点,应加强对青年结肠癌临床特点的了解和认识,诊疗过程中重视肠镜检查及直肠指检,其治疗首选手术治疗,术后配合放疗和化疗必不可少。     

老年结直肠癌患者的围手术期处理分析

目的　探讨老年结直肠癌患者的围手术期处理。方法　回顾性分析我院 1989～1999年间 186例 60岁以上结直肠癌患者外科处理的临床资料。结果　术前误诊 10 2例 ,有并存病15 2例。行根治性切除 12 9例 ,姑息性切除 14例 ,Hartmann术 15例。结肠造口 2 8例 ,术后出现并发症 5 2例 ,围手术期死亡 3例。 1、2、3年生存率分别为 89.8%、69.4%、61.3 %。结论　老年结直肠癌患者最好的治疗方法仍是手术切除。但早期诊断、合理的手术时机与手术方式、合理处理并存病 ,充分的术前准备和完善的麻醉 ,是减少并发症提高疗效的关键。     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者行结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗的临床整体疗效研究

目的研究分析结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的整体临床疗效。方法本研究回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年1月本院收治的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者45例。其中21例患者行结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗,另外24例患者行周期病灶手术切除治疗。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血例数、住院时间、术后并发症等情况。结果 A组的术中出血量、术中输血例数、住院时间均少于B组(P0.05);A组患者术后化疗行FOLFOX方案者4例,FOLFIRI方案者3例,XELOX方案者9例;B组患者术后化疗行FOLFOX方案者5例,FOLFIRI方案者5例,XELOX方案者7例。A组患者术后1年的死亡率为38.09%(8例),B组患者术后1年的死亡率为37.50%(9例),两组患者术后1年死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论对于同时性结直肠癌肝转移采用结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗,可以在一定程度上较少手术治疗过程的出血量及输血例数,缩短病人住院时间,与手术切除治疗组在术后1年的死亡率无明显差异,因此结直肠癌切除联合射频消融可作为同时性结直肠癌肝转移治疗备用方案,特别适用于无法行切除的肝转移病灶患者。     

复发性结直肠癌的多次再手术——併发症、死亡率和存活率的分析

50年代wangensteen等提出对结直肠癌行再次手术探查,以早期发现复发性病灶,但阳性率高,生存率仅6.2%,且并发症及死亡率较高,再次手术探查未被广泛接受.60年代有人报告,CEA作为结直肠癌预后指标,指导再手术的选择.作者于1971年利用癌胚抗原作为指标,对复发性结直肠癌行多次手术.本文首次报告复发性结直肠癌行3次以上手术切除后的疗效、生存率、与手术相关的并发症发生率、     

Improving diagnosis of appendicitis. Early autologous leukocyte scanning

A prospective nonrandomized study investigating the accuracy and utility of autologous leukocyte scanning in the diagnosis of apendicitis was performed. One hundred patients in whom the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis was uncertain underwent indium 111 oxyquinoline labelling of autologous leukocytes and underwent scanning 2 hours following reinjection. Of 32 patients with proved appendicitis, three scans revealed normal results (false-negative rate, 0.09). Of 68 patients without appendicitis, three scans had positive results (false-positive rate, 0.03; sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.97; predictive value of positive scan, 0.94; predictive value of negative scan, 0.96; and overall accuracy, 0.95). Scan results altered clinical decisions in 19 patients. In 13 cases, the scan produced images consistent with diagnoses other than appendicitis, expediting appropriate management. Early-imaging111 In oxyquinoline autologous leukocyte scanning is a practical and highly accurate adjunct for diagnosing appendicitis.     

Appendicitis in pregnancy

Appendicitis continues to be the most common nonobstetric surgical diagnosis in pregnancy. Historically, this diagnosis has been associated with an increased risk of fetal loss as well as maternal morbidity. The physiologic and anatomic changes in pregnancy have been thought to obscure and thus delay the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, contributing to its increased risk in pregnancy. Such increased risks have been well reported in literature. To further evaluate the overall incidence, to determine the factors contributing to delay in diagnosis, and to assess overall outcomes in appendicitis in pregnancy, we performed a retrospective contemporary evaluation of pregnant patients with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis during the period 1991-1998. Twenty-two patients had the combined admitting diagnoses of pregnancy and acute appendicitis among 44,845 deliveries for the same time period (incidence, 0.05%). Gestational stage at diagnosis was the first trimester in 5 patients (22%), second trimester in 6 patients (27%), and third trimester in 11 patients (50%). Nineteen patients (86%) had pathologically proven acute appendicitis. Sixteen patients (73%) presented with less than 24 hours of abdominal symptoms. Seventeen patients (77%) presented with findings of rebound and guarding on initial physical examination. Fifteen patients (68%) were taken to the operating room within 24 hours of presentation. Of these, 10 patients (68%) had acute perforated appendicitis. Overall, there were 12 cases of perforated appendicitis (55%), which is an incidence higher than what has been reported in literature. There were no instances of fetal mortality. Preterm labor occurred in 5 patients, all in their third trimester with perforated appendicitis. Our study found that our population paralleled the incidence of gestational appendicitis of 0.05-0.07 per cent; physical examination on presentation was the most reliable diagnostic tool for appendicitis; and there is a higher incidence of perforation with increased gestational age, which does not result in increased fetal mortality.     

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnancy

Although the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnancy seems to be complicated by the physiologic changes of pregnancy, evidence from controlled studies is lacking. The aims of this study were to determine whether there are any features of appendicitis in pregnant women that would help to establish the diagnosis and whether any difference exists between the presentation of appendicitis in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Twenty-eight pregnant women with a clinical diagnosis of appendicitis were compared with an equal number of nonpregnant patients matched for age and randomly selected from a group of patients who had appendicitis. No differences were observed in the presenting symptoms, physical signs and laboratory tests. The false-positive rates were identical. The results indicated that the diagnosis of appendicitis is no more difficult in the pregnant state than in the nonpregnant state.     

妊娠期急性阑尾炎72例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床特点、诊治方法和术后并发症.方法 回顾性分析6年间72例妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床资料.结果 早期妊娠合并急性阑尾炎13例,中期47例,晚期12例.右下腹痛47例,右下腹压痛42例、反跳痛23例、肌紧张12例.B型超声征象异常31例(43％).手术49例(68％),保守治愈23例(32％)....     

妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床特征、诊断与治疗

目的探讨妊娠期急性阑尾炎的临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后。方法对我院2000年1月-2006年12月6年间收治的35例妊娠阑尾炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组35例均治愈出院,其中14例睡手术切除阑尾,术后未发生伤口感染、流产及早产等并发症。术后病理诊断为单纯性阑尾炎5例,急性化脓性阑尾炎4例及急性坏疽性阑尾炎5例,21例行保守治疗,仅1例在保守治疗痊愈后2个月阑尾炎复发,经行阑尾切除术后治愈出院。结论妊娠期合并急性阑尾炎的患者,及时的诊断和治疗是处理本病的关键。对于诊断明确,症状、体征严重的患者,不论妊娠周期如何,手术治疗为首道选的治疗方法。     

Utility of white cell count and ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Background: Despite considerable advances in imaging, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains a clinical one. Nonetheless, knowledge of the characteristics of commonly used investigations for appendicitis may aid surgical decision‐making. Methods: The pathology, full blood counts and ultrasounds of 1013 patients who underwent appendicectomy were reviewed and subjected to statistical analysis in order to determine diagnostic characteristics of various white cell count and ultrasound results. Results: Total white cell count was found to be higher among patients with complicated appendicitis than those with simple appendicitis or normal appendices. Ultrasound was found to be less accurate than white cell count and neutrophil count in the diag­nosis of acute appendicitis by estimation of area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. Conclusion: Knowledge of the meaning of various white cell count values may be invaluable in clinical decision‐making with regard to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ultrasound is of limited utility in the diagnosis of appendicitis and should only be used in selected clinical situations.     

CT scan in the management of acute appendicitis

BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrate a 98% accuracy of a CT scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. We aimed to determine the accuracy and clinical value of CT scans in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed outcomes of 125 patients over a 5-month period who had CT scans for the initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CT scan interpretations were correlated with surgical and pathologic findings. Follow-up was attempted in all patients who did not undergo appendectomy. RESULTS: CT scans and clinical courses were complete in 110 patients (88%); 14 patients were lost to follow-up and 1 was excluded. One patient had two CT scans. Thus, there were 111 CT scans available for review. Radiologic interpretation of these CT scans yielded 36 positive (33%), 67 negative (60%), and 8 indeterminate (7%), resulting in a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 89%, a PPV of 78%, and a NPV of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: CT scan may be useful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but the reported high accuracy rate was not reproduced at our institution. CT scan was not clinically useful in 21% of patients. We conclude that a CT scan may be beneficial in the diagnosis of appendicitis with selected patients who have equivocal findings. Thus, at our institution, the accuracy of a CT scan does not justify its routine use in patients with clinical findings of appendicitis.     

Predictive value of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein in children with appendicitis

Background/Purpose

Few studies have addressed the predictive value of white blood cells (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at different cutoff values in appendicitis. Our purpose was to determine the cutoff values for WBC and CRP at different periods during clinical evolution of appendicitis and to establish their use for the diagnosis of appendicitis and differentiation of simple from perforated appendicitis.

Methods

We studied 198 patients operated on for appendicitis, which were further divided into 4 subgroups according to the time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for CRP and WBC; the best cutoff points were used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity to discriminate patients with and without appendicitis and patients with simple and perforated appendicitis.

Results

White blood cell and CRP individually and together had a high sensitivity to differentiate patients with and without appendicitis. The specificity of WBC and CRP taken individually and together to differentiate patients with simple and perforated appendicitis was high, but the sensitivity was low.

Conclusions

White blood cell and CRP could be used to support the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis, and, depending on the time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, to differentiate patients with and without appendicitis and discriminate simple from perforated appendicitis.     

The value of the leucocyte count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Total and differential leucocyte counts were performed on 175 patients with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ninety-six per cent of patients with acute appendicitis had either an abnormal total or differential leucocyte count. Four of 24 patients operated on with a normal leucocyte count had acute appendicitis. It is concluded that leucocytosis of above 10 000/mm3 or a differential in excess of 75% neutrophils supports the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and that routine estimation of the leucocyte count is a useful investigation. While a normal leucocyte count does not exclude even a perforated appendicitis, such a count should prompt further review of the diagnosis, especially in the presence of an atypical history or minimal physical signs.     

急性阑尾炎138例的超声诊断

目的：探讨急性阑尾炎的超声诊断价值。方法运用SA8000SE超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5~5.0MHz进行超声诊断,对经手术或病理证实的急性阑尾炎138例患者的超声图像进行分析。结果根据超声图像特征超声诊断为急性单纯性阑尾炎56例;急性化脓性28例;9例合并粪石;阑尾穿孔、周围脓肿40例;急性盆腔炎1例;排除急性阑尾炎4例。结论熟悉急性阑尾炎的超声表现,有助于提高临床诊断的准确性。