电生理监测下高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析23例高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤,均行显微外科切除,术中均采用联合体感诱发电位(SEP)和运动诱发电位(MEP)监测辅助肿瘤切除.结果 手术全切除肿瘤17例,近全切或大部分切除5例,部分切除1例;全组无手术死亡;术后门诊或电话随访22例,随访3个月至6年,神经功能改善16例(73%),稳定无变化4例(18%),加重2例(9%),随访期间无复发;术中诱发电位结果:真阴性18例(18/19),假阴性1例,真阳性2例(2/3).结论 尽早显微手术切除是高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的有效治疗措施,术中联合SEP和MEP监测可提高肿瘤全切率,减少术后并发症,最大程度地稳定和改善神经功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the mieroneurosurgcial management for intmmedullary spinal ependymomas in the superior cervical spinal cord.MethodsClinical data of 23 patients with intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were treated by microsurgery assisted with somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)and motor evoked potential(MEP).Results Total removal was achieved in 17 cases,subtotal removal in 5 cases and partial resection in 1 case.No patients died.A follow up of 3 months to 6 years by out-patient review and telephone interview were performed in 22 cases:neurological function was improved in 16 cases(73%),no changes occurred in 4(18%),deteriorated in 2(9%)and none was recurrence.Results of introperative monitoring:18 patients presented true negative findings,while 2 patient presented true positive findings,1 false positive findings.Conclusions Early microsurgical treatment is the most effective measure for intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord.The combined applications of intraoperative SEP and MEP monitoring can increase removal rate,reduce postoperative complication,and improve the prognosis of the patients.     

中枢神经细胞瘤94例临床分析

目的 总结中枢神经细胞瘤临床特点,探讨其治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析94例中枢神经细胞瘤患者临床资料.全部行手术治疗,肿瘤全切除66例,近全切除26例,部分切除2例;分析总结中枢神经细胞瘤的临床、病理、影像特点.结果 死亡2例,随访84例,术后放疗56例,肿瘤复发4例.多数患者生存良好.结论 中枢神经细胞瘤多发于室间孔附近侧脑室系统,手术全切除是最佳治疗手段,未全切患者术后放疗可减少复发率.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of central neurocytomas,and discuss the therapeutic strategies.Methods 94 cases of central neurocytomas were studied retrospectively.All patients underwent operation with removal of the tumor through either transcallosal or transcortical approach.Total resection was achieved in 66 patients,subtotal resection in 26 patients and partial resection in 2 patients.The clinical,radiological,histologic and immunohistochemical features of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Methods Amongthe 94 cases of central neurocytomas,two died after surgery.Among the 84 followed- up cases,56 cases underwent postoperative radiotherapy,4 cases had recurrence.Most patients have favorable prognosis.Conclusion Central neurocytomas occur mostly in the lateral ventricle near the Monro's foramen.Total resection is the best treatment.Postoperative radiotherapy for partially removed tumors may reduce the possibility of recurrence.     

Clinical and pathological features in 49 elderly patients with meningiomas

BACKGROUND: As aging in elderly people, their brain tissue has degeneration and brain atrophy of different severity, and the volume of cranial cavity is relatively enlarged, it has greater compensatory ability to the space occupying lesion, and it is difficult to detect the meningioma because it grows to expand slowly, the tumor locates in non-functional region, and there are atypical symptoms and deficiency of localization signs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of senile meningiomas. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-nine elderly patients with meningioma were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from May 1999 to March 2005, including 15 males and 34 females, 60–74 years of age, and they were all diagnosed by CT and MRI. METHODS: The sites of tumors were identified by CT and MRI examinations in all the patients. The tumors were partially or totally resected according to their own conditions. The types of the resected tumor were pathologically observed. The conditions of postoperative recovery were observed after 1, 3 and 6 months, and without new neurological dysfunction or complication was considered as good outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Sites and pathological types of the tumor; ② Postoperative outcomes and complications. RESULTS: All the 49 patients were involved in the analysis of results. ① The tumors had wide distributions with a main location in brain convexity. Among the 49 cases of meningioma, there were 25 cases of fibrocystic type, 12 cases of meningothelial type, 6 cases of psammomatous type, 4 cases of angiomatous type and 2 cases of microcystic type. ② Among the 49 patients, 35 had good outcome, 8 had self-care ability, 4 required care by others, 2 (4.1%) died postoperatively. No long-term complication related to the operation was observed during the follow-up postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Meningioma has a main location in brain convexity, and its pathological type is mainly fibrocystic one, and there is good operative outcome.     

经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤

目的 探讨经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤的手术方法和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析自2004年至2009年收治的13例颅眶沟通肿瘤患者的临床资料,采取经翼点-眶顶入路的手术方式切除肿瘤.结果 在13例患者中,肿瘤全切10例,大部或部分切除3例.经组织病理学检查证实良性肿瘤9例,恶性肿瘤4例.最常见的肿瘤类型为脑膜瘤,本组6例.所有患者的临床症状在术后均有不同程度的改善,无手术死亡及严重并发症.结论 经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤,操作简便、易于暴露、手术创伤小.术中应注意保护球后重要组织,并根据需要进行眶顶修补或重建.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the procedure via pterional -orbital approach for cranioorbital communicating tumors.Method 13 patients with cranio -orbital communicating tumors were retrospectively analyzed.Pterional approach was adopted for the operations with resection of orbital roof, and the surgical advantages and cautions were concerned.Results In 13 patients, 10 cases undertook total removal, and 3 cases undertook subtotal or partial removal of tumors.9 cases were benign, and 4 cases were malignant tumors.Pathological results showed that 6 cases were meningioma which was the most common type.Patient's follow - up ranged from 3 to 52 months, which showed that no operative death and severe complications were revealed.The most common complication was injury of extraocular muscles, which occurred in 4 patients.Conclusions Resection of cranio - orbital tumors via pterional - orbital approach provided facilities for exposing tumors and showed less operative damages.Protecting important tissues in postglobal region and reconstructing orbital roof will result in less postoperative complications.     

蝶窦内间隔与经单鼻孔-蝶窦-鞍区肿瘤切除术效果分析

目的 对蝶窦内间隔特点及经蝶窦-鞍区肿瘤手术的关系进行探讨.方法 分析北京军区总医院附属八一脑科医院自2008年1月至2010年12月收治的107例经单鼻孔-蝶窦-鞍区肿瘤切除术患者的术前蝶窦内间隔资料,并用以指导术中操作.结果 本组肿瘤全部切除67例(62.6%),大部切除21例(19.6%),部分切除19例(17.8%).其中47例根据蝶窦间隔的指示,迅速确定肿瘤所在鞍底位置,或保留无关间隔,并根据间隔确认颈内动脉位置,避免损伤;11例存在复杂蝶窦内间隔者,根据影像学提示得以快速判定鞍底与间隔的关系并确定蝶窦内骨质切除范围与方向,顺利完成手术.手术相关并发症:左侧颈内动脉破裂1例,海绵窦破损4例.结论 术前仔细判读蝶窦内间隔影像学资料,用以指导经蝶窦-鞍区肿瘤手术操作,可以预防和减少并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationship of sphenoidal intersinus septa with transsphenoidal resection of sellar area tumor. Methods The pre-operative MRI and CT images of the sphenoid intersinus septa and its importance in transsphenoidal resection of sellar area tumor were studied in 107 patients, admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to December 2010. The amounts, locations, anatomic specialties of the septa and its relationships with the floor of selle, the internal carotid artery canals and the tumors were analyzed to guide the operative procedures during the operation. Results Total removal of the tumors in seller region was obtained in 67 patients, subtotal removal in 21 and partial removal in 19. According to the MRI and CT images of the sphenoid intersinus septa, the location of the tumor and the carotid artery in 47 patients were quickly determined; complex sphenoid intersinus septa was noted in 11 patients, and the relation of sellar floor with the septa was quickly determined and the scope and direction of removal were determined too. Rupture of the internal carotid artery occurred in 1 patient, and damages of the cavernous sinuses occurred in 4. Conclusion Careful study of the pre-operative MRI or CT images of the sphenoidal intersinus septa and its relationship with the floor of seller, the internal carotid artery and the tumor will assure the transspenoidal surgery more precisely and safely, and the complication can be efficiently prevented and decreased.     

颅内原发性黑色素瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨颅内原发性黑色素瘤的临床特点,提高对此病的诊断治疗水平.方法 回顾性分析自2000年1月至2009年12月收治的8例颅内原发性黑色素瘤患者,男6例,女2例;年龄24～68岁;病灶均为单发,位于额叶4例,顶叶1例,枕叶1例,镰旁1例,小脑脑桥角1例.8例患者均行开颅手术,6例达全切;2例行次全切除+辅助伽玛刀治疗.结果 病理结果均为原发性黑色素瘤;术后7例患者获随访,随访时间10-82个月.死亡2例,分别于术后14个月及21个月死于肿瘤复发;1例于术后6个月复发,再次行手术全切,术后化疗,术后6个月MRI未见复发征象;1例于术后9个月复发,再次行手术全切,术后化疗,术后6个月MRI示肿瘤再次复发;余3例未见复发征象.结论 颅内原发性黑色素瘤发病率低,误诊率较高,治疗以手术切除为主,不全切除者应辅助伽玛刀治疗,复发者可行辅助化疗,延缓复发时间,改善患者预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical features, imaging findings and treatment for primary intracranial melanoma. Method The clinical data including presentation, imaging, treatment and prognosis of 8 patients with primary intracranial melanoma underwent surgery were reviewed during the past ten years. The patients included six males and two females and the age range was from 24 to 68 years. Four lesions were located in frontal lobe and the other four were located in parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, parafalcine and cerebellopontine angle respectively. Total removal was achieved in 6 patients and subtotal resection in 2 who had adjuvant radiosurgery. Results Histological examination showed that all cases were melanoma. Follow - up study was gained in seven cases and the follow - up duration was from 10 to 82 months. Two patients died from recurrence at postoperative 14th months and 21st months respectively. One case had tumor recurrence 6 months after surgery and another operation was performed to gain total removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed and there was no recurrence found in MRI 6 months after the surgery. One patient had tumor recurrence 9 months after surgery and another operation was performed to gain total removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed and follow - up MRI showed recurrence 6 months after surgery. There was no recurrence in the other 3 cases. Conclusions Primary intracranial melanoma is an extremely rare tumor and difficult to get correct preoperative diagnosis. Surgical removal of tumor plays an important role in its treatment. Part of patients could gain profits from radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis is very poor.     

颅咽管瘤侵袭第三脑室的方式对手术切除的影响

Objective To assess the impact of the positional relationship between the large craniopharyngiomas and the third ventricle on the outcome of surgical resection of the tumors. Methods In 72 cases of craniopharyngiomas, the tumors were classified into two types according to the radiographic and surgical findings defining the relationship between the tumors and the third ventricle. For each type of tumors, 3 grades were classified based on the tumor size, texture, and infiltration pattern of the third ventricle. The extend of tumor removal was confirmed by both intraoperative evaluation and postoperative CT or magnetic resonance imaging. The correlation between the degree of hypothalamus invasion and the extend of tumor removal was analyzed in all the cases. Results The craniopharyngiomas were classified into two types, namely those residing in the third ventricle (7 cases) and those invading the third ventricle(65 cases). The degree of tumor resection was significantly different between the 3 grades: total tumor removal was achieved in 95.7% of grade Ⅰ cases, in 80.0% of grade Ⅱ cases, and in only 47.4% of grade Ⅲ I cases (P<0.05). conclusion Understanding of the anatomical relationship of the tumor to the third ventricular floor can be great value for improving the outcome of surgical resection of large craniopharyngiomas.     

颅咽管瘤侵袭第三脑室的方式对手术切除的影响

Objective To assess the impact of the positional relationship between the large craniopharyngiomas and the third ventricle on the outcome of surgical resection of the tumors. Methods In 72 cases of craniopharyngiomas, the tumors were classified into two types according to the radiographic and surgical findings defining the relationship between the tumors and the third ventricle. For each type of tumors, 3 grades were classified based on the tumor size, texture, and infiltration pattern of the third ventricle. The extend of tumor removal was confirmed by both intraoperative evaluation and postoperative CT or magnetic resonance imaging. The correlation between the degree of hypothalamus invasion and the extend of tumor removal was analyzed in all the cases. Results The craniopharyngiomas were classified into two types, namely those residing in the third ventricle (7 cases) and those invading the third ventricle(65 cases). The degree of tumor resection was significantly different between the 3 grades: total tumor removal was achieved in 95.7% of grade Ⅰ cases, in 80.0% of grade Ⅱ cases, and in only 47.4% of grade Ⅲ I cases (P<0.05). conclusion Understanding of the anatomical relationship of the tumor to the third ventricular floor can be great value for improving the outcome of surgical resection of large craniopharyngiomas.     

颅咽管瘤侵袭第三脑室的方式对手术切除的影响

Objective To assess the impact of the positional relationship between the large craniopharyngiomas and the third ventricle on the outcome of surgical resection of the tumors. Methods In 72 cases of craniopharyngiomas, the tumors were classified into two types according to the radiographic and surgical findings defining the relationship between the tumors and the third ventricle. For each type of tumors, 3 grades were classified based on the tumor size, texture, and infiltration pattern of the third ventricle. The extend of tumor removal was confirmed by both intraoperative evaluation and postoperative CT or magnetic resonance imaging. The correlation between the degree of hypothalamus invasion and the extend of tumor removal was analyzed in all the cases. Results The craniopharyngiomas were classified into two types, namely those residing in the third ventricle (7 cases) and those invading the third ventricle(65 cases). The degree of tumor resection was significantly different between the 3 grades: total tumor removal was achieved in 95.7% of grade Ⅰ cases, in 80.0% of grade Ⅱ cases, and in only 47.4% of grade Ⅲ I cases (P<0.05). conclusion Understanding of the anatomical relationship of the tumor to the third ventricular floor can be great value for improving the outcome of surgical resection of large craniopharyngiomas.     

松果体区肿瘤诊治策略的探讨

目的 探讨松果体区肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析154例松果体区肿瘤的病例资料.结果 松果体区肿瘤多以颅高压、眼球运动障碍起病,诊断需进行CT、MRI及肿瘤标记物检查.基本确诊或高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤时直接放疗或活检后放疗23例,肿瘤均消失,5年生存率88.9%;其他肿瘤手术治疗131例,肿瘤全切除124例,次全切除7例,5年生存率84.4%.手术患者的病理结果:生殖细胞肿瘤60例,松果体实质肿瘤17例,神经上皮肿瘤27例,其他肿瘤27例.结论 松果体区肿瘤常合并脑积水,影像学表现有一定特征,联合肿瘤标记物检测能进一步鉴别肿瘤性质.基本确诊生殖细胞瘤直接选择放、化疗,高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤选择活检后放疗或实验性放疗,不能确定生殖细胞瘤时选择显微手术联合术后辅助放、化疗,在治疗过程中兼顾脑积水的处理是较理想的松果体区肿瘤的治疗策略.

Abstract：

Objective To define the optimal diagnosis and theraputic strategy of pineal region tumors.Method Clinical materials of 154 cases with pineal region tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Results The patients with pineal region tumors often complained with increased intracranial pressure and ocular movement deficiency.The procedure of diagnosis was imaging checking included CT and MRI,tumor mark testing.23 cases which were essential exact diagnosed or high doubt germinomas were choosed to direct radiotherapy or radiotherapy after biopsy.All the tumors disappeared during the follow up time.5 years survival rate was 88.9%.Other 131 cases were chosen for operation treatment.Total removal were achieved in 124 cases and subtotal were achieved in 7 cases.The 5 years survival rate was 84.4%.The operation pathological result included 60 germ cell tumors, 17 pineal parenchymal tumors, 27 neural epithelium tumors and 27 other tumors.Conclusions Pineal region tumors are often combined with hydrocephalus.There was some characteristic feature in the imaging appearance.The cases should be chosen to direct radiotherapy and chemotherapy if was diagnosed germinomas, and be choosed to radiotherapy after biopsy or experimental radiotherapy if was high doubt germinomas.The cases which unable determined germionmas should be choosed microsurgery and assist radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperation.Hydrocephalus should be treated in consideration during the procedure of tumor treatment.     

Therapeutic results of eight patients with intracranial ependymomas]

Between 1985 and 2001, eight patients with intracranial ependymomas underwent surgery at our hospital. The cases included six infratentorial ependymomas, one supratentorial ependymoma and one supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma. Infratentorial ependymomas were classified according to origin and extension. The lateral type tumors originated from the lateral part of the fourth ventricle in four cases. The midfloor type tumors originated from the inferior half of the fourth ventricular floor in two cases. The three totally resected tumors were the lateral type tumors. The remaining one case with the lateral type tumor underwent nearly total resection of the tumor, since the tumor involved lower cranial nerves. All patients with the midfloor type tumors underwent incomplete resections of the tumors, because the tumors infiltrated into brain stem. Lower cranial nerve involvement and brain stem invasion implied incomplete resection and had the poor prognosis. In intracranial ependymomas, all four patients with total resections have been alive, whereas three of four patients with incomplete resections have died. The mean survival time of all patients with intracranial ependymomas was 127 months from the time of the initial surgery. There were no deaths in the patients with tumors showing MIB-1 index < 10% (n = 4). The mean survival time of the patients with tumors showing MIB-1 index > or = 10% (n = 4), was 30 months. The extent of the resection, the age of the patients and MIB-1 index are important factors in the outcome in patients with intracranial ependymomas. Two representative children aged less than 3 years with the midfloor type tumors were presented. In a patient treated with conventional radiation and chemotherapy, residual tumor repeatedly enlarged within 12 months despite several resections of the tumor. The patient died 32 months after the initial resection. In contrast, the other patient received multidisciplinary treatment including Linac stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with a marginal dose of 27 Gy in 9 fractions, have been still alive for 45 months after the initial resection. The residual tumor slightly decreased in size and remained stable without evident growth 12 months after SRT. SRT may provide good local control for patients with intracranial ependymomas and have a favorable impact on survival.     

第四脑室室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 总结第四脑室室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2006年5月我院收治的15例第四脑室室管膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切11例，次全切除4例，无手术死亡，术后发生并发症5例。术后短期（半年）随访，其中恢复良好11例，改善3例，恶化1例。结论 枕下经小脑延髓裂人路能够充分暴露第四脑室底部，减少术后小脑并发症。     

Surgical treatment of intraventricular ependymomas and subependymomas

Background and purposeThe aim of the study was to present our experience in the surgical treatment of intraventricular ependymomas and subependymomas with special consideration to the evaluation of the surgical outcome and risk of tumour recurrence.Material and methodsWe report a series of 36 consecutive patients treated surgically for intraventricular ependymoma or subependymoma in the years 1992–2008. There were 26 lateral ventricle and 10 fourth ventricle tumours. Complete resection was achieved in 19 patients while the remaining 17 patients underwent either subtotal or partial resection. Histopathological evaluation revealed ependymoma, subependymoma and anaplastic ependymoma in 20, 11 and 5 cases, respectivelyResultsEight patients died after surgery due to postoperative brain injury. Five patients were severely disabled postoperatively: one patient developed hemiparesis, three patients presented adynamic syndrome, and one patient developed severe cerebellar ataxia subsequent to vermis injury. All patients with posterior fossa tumours presented with lower cranial nerve deficit. Seventeen patients received radiotherapy postoperatively. There were five recurrent tumours during follow-up; three patients underwent subsequent reoperation. Importantly, five patients with supratentorial tumours and a history of incomplete resection with postoperative radiotherapy had no tumour recurrence in over 10 years’ follow-up.ConclusionsIntraventricular ependymomas and subependymomas still remain a surgical challenge due to a relatively high incidence of incomplete tumour resections and/or permanent neurological complications associated with their removal. Still, even incomplete tumour removal with subsequent radiotherapy facilitates long-term progression-free survival in some cases.     

37例颅内成熟及未成熟畸胎瘤治疗临床分析

目的 探讨颅内成熟及未成熟畸胎瘤的有效治疗措施。方法 成熟畸胎瘤19例，未成熟畸胎瘤18例，37例患者均行开颅手术，其中成熟畸胎瘤全切除9例，近全切除2例，大部切除7例，活检1例。未成熟畸胎瘤全切除6例，近全切除6例，大部切除6例。全部诊断得到病理检查证实。首次治疗的患者出院时常规嘱放疗，其中成熟畸胎瘤4例未放疗。结果 成熟畸胎瘤随访14例，1例手术死亡，5例放疗后肿瘤复发，复发时间分别是4个月1例，半年2例，8月及2年各1例。这5例患者在二次手术后病理检查结果转变为未成熟畸胎瘤，并分别在第二次术后2个月～8个月之内死亡，5例死亡患者平均生存15个月。存活的8例患者中2例患者分别在第一次术后2年及4年肿瘤复发，并再次接受手术治疗。4例未行放疗。至随访时最长已生存4年6个月，最短1年1个月，平均已生存22个月。未成熟畸胎瘤随访16例，均行放疗，死亡15例。其中7例明确肿瘤复发，二次住院治疗。15例死亡患者平均生存17个月。结论 (1)为提高成熟及未成熟畸胎瘤的治疗效果，应尽量做到手术全切除肿瘤。(2)提示病理科医师术中所见，建议多切片病理检查。(3)病理检查明确诊断为成熟畸胎瘤时，患者仍应定期复查CT或MRI，严密观察病情变化。(4)如病理检查结果明确为未成熟畸胎瘤，则应进行全方位治疗，即手术、放疗、化疗。     

原发性中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤临床特征及预后分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤的临床特征及预后。方法回顾性分析采用手术治疗的8例原发性中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤病人的临床资料,其中术后行单纯放疗4例,单纯化疗1例,放化疗1例。结果肿瘤全切4例,近全切除3例,部分切除1例。术后均经病理确诊为原发性中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤。随访8例,中位随访时间21个月。术后复发5例,中位复发时间8个月,其中死亡4例,中位生存期24.5个月,存活1例。结论原发性中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤临床罕见,需通过病理确诊。治疗宜采用肿瘤全切除术,术后辅助放化疗。     

Ependymoma in children and young adults (0–19 years): report of 25 consecutive cases

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relative effect of surgery and radiotherapy (RT) on the survival of 25 consecutive children and young adults treated for ependymoma [18 in the posterior fossa (PF), 2 in supratentorial locations (ST) and 5 in intraspinal locations (IS)]. Five-year survival rates for patients with PF, ST and IS tumors were 28%, 0% and 100%, respectively. Total tumor resection was a positive prognostic factor in the case of PF tumors. No patients with subtotal removal of a PF tumor survived for longer than 5 years. The effect of RT on survival of patients with PF ependymomas in this series was uncertain. No patients with PF ependymoma had disseminated disease at diagnosis, and all tumor recurrences were local. Based on these observations, we see no indications for craniospinal RT of PF ependymomas, except in rare cases of disseminated disease. If RT is given, it should only be targeted to the tumor site. The two patients with ST ependymoma died within 3.8 years after primary treatment. Our series of ST ependymomas does not allow any specific treatment recommendations. One patient with IS ependymoma was cured by surgery alone. Four patients with IS ependymoma had documented residual tumor after surgery. RT induced remission in these patients. For IS ependymomas we recommend no RT if total tumor removal can be documented. In patients with subtotal removal of IS ependymomas local RT is effective and should be given. Received: 11 October 1999     

幕上原始神经外胚瘤的诊断与治疗(附5例报告)

目的 探讨幕上原始神经外胚瘤（SPNET）的临床特点及治疗效果。方法 总结5例SPNET病人的临床资料，影像学表现、病理特点及治疗结局。行急诊手术2例，常规手术3例，术后3例全脑放疗，2例联合化疗。结果 颅内病灶全切除3例，部分切除2例，随访4-18个月，死亡1例，2例无病情进展，2例进展。结论 SPNET是一种恶性程度极高的肿瘤，对化疗和放疗较敏感。     

显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤

目的探讨显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤的效果。方法我科2002年至2006年采用显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤15例,其中室管膜瘤8例,星形细胞瘤5例,海绵状血管瘤2例。结果肿瘤全切除11例,大部分切除4例(均为星形细胞瘤)。出院时10例症状有不同程度改善,4例无变化,1例术后加重,无手术死亡病例。结论把握适当的手术时机,结合术前影像学检查结果,术中在显微镜下仔细分辨肿瘤与脊髓的分界面,这些都将有助于提高显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤的临床疗效。     

Results of the operative treatment of intramedullary gliomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the results of the operative treatment of intramedullary gliomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1995-2002, 30 patients with intramedullary tumors were treated surgically in the Department of Neurosurgery in Sosnowiec. Among them 23 intramedullary gliomas were recognized. There were 8 females and 15 males aged from 11 to 61. The condition of the patients before the operation was assessed according to a modified McCormick's scale. Only two patients were found to be in a good condition -- I degree, 17 patients (74%) -- II degree or III degree and 4 patients were in a serious condition -- IV degree. Among the operated tumors only 9 had a clear border. There were 5 ependymomas (grade I) and 4 anaplastic ependymomas (grade III). The remaining ones were astrocytomas of varying malignancy and infiltration of the white matter of the spinal cord: 8 cases of fibrillary astrocytoma, 3 cases of gemistocytic astrocytoma, but one anaplastic and one case of pilocytic astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma mixtum and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. RESULTS: Control MRI revealed a total removal of the lesion in 16 patients (70%), gross total removal in 5 patients (21%), partial removal in two patients (8%). Four patients died among those operated on: two in the perioperative period, the other two 9 months and 2 years after the surgery, respectively. In four patients there was observed regrowth of the lesion and one patient was re-operated on. In the second case fatal recurrence in region C2-Th6 was observed and the patient died, in the last two cases the patients were stable and thus it was decided to delay the re-operation. CONCLUSION: Low mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates recommend surgery as an effective treatment for intramedullary gliomas.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断和治疗

目的深入认识中枢神经细胞瘤,以期提高本病的诊疗水平。方法回顾性总结我科22例中枢神经细胞瘤的临床表现、影像学检查、诊断及治疗效果。结果所有22例均手术治疗,术后11例全切除病例中4例联合放射治疗,8例次全切除病例中3例联合放射治疗、1例化疗,3例部分切除病例中1例联合放射治疗、1例化疗。死亡7例,失访6例,其余9例随访2个月至35年,均未见肿瘤复发或再长。结论脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤手术风险较大,死亡率较高;运用显微神经外科及术中导航技术切除肿瘤可有效降低致残率和死亡率;联合术后放疗可减少本病复发;化疗的疗效有待评价。