冻存的亲属活体供肾者的骨髓源性树突状细胞介导受者淋巴细胞反应

目的 探讨冻存的供者骨髓源性树突状细胞(DC)介导肾移植受者淋巴细胞反应的可行性.方法 肾移植前取供者骨髓,分离单个核细胞,液氮冻存备用.术后1、3、6、9个月,取冻存的供者骨髓细胞分离CD34+细胞,并培养DC,检测各时期DC活细胞的比率;同时,分别以供者DC和外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)作为刺激细胞,以术前未冻存过的供者骨髓源性DC作为对照,观察健康志愿者以及受者淋巴细胞对冻存不同时间的供者DC和PBL刺激的反应.结果术前每10 ml骨髓中可分离骨髓单个核细胞(BMMC)的数量平均为6.8 × 107个,免疫磁珠分选获得CD34+细胞数为(4.10±0.58)×105个.冻存不同时间的BMMC复苏后,所分离到的CD34+细胞的比率并无明显差异.术后1个月时,BMMC、CD34+细胞存活率均大幅明显下降,以后呈缓慢进行性下降,BMMC的下降幅度大于CD34+细胞.DC的活细胞比率维持在93.2%～94.8%.肾移植术后,各组DC对健康志愿者和受者淋巴细胞的刺激能力均显著强于PBL(P＜0.05);在术后各时间观察点,健康志愿者淋巴细胞对DC刺激的反应波动在12 067±1190至14 238±1220(P＞0.05),受者淋巴细胞对DC刺激的反应波动较大,在9490±1386～15 233±1098.结论 供者骨髓源性DC具有稳定的细胞活力和刺激能力,其作为术后长时间内介导肾移植受者淋巴细胞反应的刺激原,明显优于供者外周淋巴细胞,术前仅需一次性取少量骨髓冻存,术后可随时且多次用于监测.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility of mediating recipient lymphocyte reaction with donor dendritic cells (DCs) in renal allograft recipients. Methods Donor bone marrow monocytes (BMMCs) were isolated and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen before kidney transplantation. At 0 day, 1month,3 month, 6 month and 9 month post-operation, CD34+ cells which were isolated from frozen BMMCs and cultured into DCs as well as the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of donors were used as the stimulating cells to the PBLs of recipients and healthy volunteers. The number of viable DCs from frozen- and room temperature-preserved BMMCs was counted and the reactions of recipients'and healthy volunteers' lymphocytes to DCs and donor PBLs were measured. Results 6. 8 × 107BMMCs were isolated from each 10 ml of donor bone marrow on average while (4. 10 ± 0. 58) × 105CD34+ cells were isolated by magnetic active cell sorting (MACS). There was no significant difference in the isolating rate of recovered CD34+ cells at each observation point postoperatively. The percentage of viable BMMCs and CD34+ was decreased significantly at 1 month after surgery, then, decreased slowly and progressively. The decreasing rate of BMMCs was higher than CD34+. The rate of viable DCs was maintained stable (93. 2%-94. 8% ) in each group. The reactions of recipients' and healthy volunteers' lymphocytes to DCs were stronger than those to donor PBLs (P＜0. 05). The reactions of healthy volunteers' lymphocytes to DCs were maintained stable while those of recipients' were fluctuating. Conclusion Bone marrow-derived DCs are superior to PBLs in mediating long-term lymphocyte reaction after kidney transplantation due to their stable viability and stimulating ability to lymphocytes. Only once collection of a small quality of bone marrow of donors is needed to meet the demand of immune monitoring at any time after transplantation.     

小鼠不成熟CD8α+树突状细胞的免疫抑制功能的体外实验

目的 观察不成熟CD8α+树突状细胞(DC)的体外免疫抑制功能.方法 取C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠和Balb/c(H-2d)小鼠的骨髓和脾脏,制备不成熟CD8α+DC和脾淋巴细胞,并经丝裂霉素处理.采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法,实验设混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)组(阳性对照组)、MLR加不同密度的同系CD8α+DC组、MLR加不同密度同种异型CD8α+DC组、MLR加不同密度CD8α+DC的培养上清组、CD8α+DC加同系T淋巴细胞组及阴性对照组.MLR组按刺激细胞/反应细胞10∶1建立.CD8α+DC按与反应细胞比例0.2∶1、0.5∶1、0.8∶1和1∶1的梯度加入MLR中分别建立同系CD8α+D组和同种异型CD8α+D组;MLR中加入不同密度(1×105/ml～5×106/ml)CD8α+DC的培养上清液建立CD8α+DC上清组;CD8α+DC与同系淋巴细胞共培养建立CD8α+DC加同系T淋巴细胞组;以反应细胞2×105/孔作为阴性对照.采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测MLR加同系CD8α+DC组(1∶1)上清液中γ干扰素(IF-γ)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)的浓度.结果 同系和同种异型不成熟CD8α+DC对MLR均有抑制作用(P＜0.05),二者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).抑制作用随DC比例的增加而增强,当CD8α+DC/反应细胞比例大于0.2时显示抑制作用(P＜0.05),比例为1时抑制作用最强.CD8α+DC体外刺激同系淋巴细胞增殖的能力较弱,当DC与T淋巴细胞的比值大于2时,显示出一定的刺激作用(P＜0.05),其培养上清液对MLR也有抑制作用(P＜0.05),其中密度5×105/ml的细胞培养上清液抑制作用最强.MLR加同系CD8α+DC组(1∶1)上清液中IL-10的含量为(451.9±12.2)pg/ml,IFN-γ的含量为(1.0±1.2)pg/ml.结论 不成熟CD8α+DC体外具有免疫抑制或诱导免疫耐受的功能,可产生较高水平的IL-10,CD8α+DC及其培养上清液均可抑制MLR.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the function of immature CD8α+ dentritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Methods The bone marrow and spleen of C57BL/6(H-2b) and Balb/c (H-2d) mice were got to prepare immature CD8α+ DCs and spleen lymphocytes,and treated by mytomycin. MTT test was used.MLR group, MLR plus variable density syngeneic CD8α+ DC group, MLR plus variable density allogeneic CD8α+ DC group,MLR plus variable density CD8α+ DC supernatant group,CD8α+ DC plus syngeneic T cell group and negative control group were established. MLR group was set up by responder cell ratio of 0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,to build the MLR plus syngeneic and allogeneic CD8α+ DC experimental groups. Culture supernatant from different density (1 × 105/ml - 5 × 106/ml) of CD8α+DCs was added into MLR to build CD8α+ DC supernatant group. CD8α+ DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells to build CD8α+ DCs plus syngeneic T cells group. 2 × 105/well responder cells served as the negative control group. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the DCs could both suppress MLR (P＜0. 05), and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0. 05). When CD8α+ DCs were increased, the suppressive effect was enhanced. When CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞0. 2, the inhibitory effect could be observed, and this effect reached the peak when the ratio was 1.0. The CD8α+ DCs had weak ability to stimulate syngeneic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and certain stimulating effect could be seen only when CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞2 (P＜0. 05). Its culture supernatant also showed suppressive effect (P＜0. 05), and the supernatant with a cell density of 5 × 105/ml showed the maximum effect. IL-10 concentration in the concentration was 1.0 ± 1.2 pg/ml. Conclusion The in vitro function of immature CD8α+ DCs was immunosuppression/tolerance,and they could secret high level of IL-10. The CD8α+ DCs and their culture supernatant could suppress MLR in vitro.     

第三方骨髓间充质干细胞诱导同种异体移植受体免疫耐受机制的研究

目的 初步研究第三方骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)诱导同种异体移植受体免疫耐受的作用机制.方法 40只雌性C57BL/6小鼠作为供体,40只雄性BALB/C小鼠作为受体,建立稳定的同种异体皮肤移植模型,BMSCs取自SD大鼠骨髓.将40只BALB/C小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只.①空白对照组:只进行皮肤移植,未给予其他治疗;②环磷酰胺组(CP组):大剂量环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)腹腔注射,200 mg/kg,连用2 d(q.d.);③单纯给予SD-BMSCs移植组(SD-BMSCs组):移植当天自受体小鼠尾静脉输注2×106个SD-BMSCs;④细胞药物联合应用组(CP+SD-BMSCs组):大剂量CP腹腔注射,200 mg/kg,连用2 d(q.d.),并于移植当天自受体小鼠尾静脉输注2×106个SD-BMSCs.检测指标包括:移植皮片存活情况;SD大鼠BMSCs表面抗原CD29、CD34、CD45和CD90鉴定;流式细胞仪检测受体脾脏调节性T细胞(CD4+、CD25+、Foxp3+、Treg细胞)的比例;ELISA检测受体外周血TGF-β、IL-10、IFN-γ的含量;异基因T淋巴细胞与经60Co照射的不同来源BMSCs共培养后,MTT法测定异基因T淋巴细胞增殖的情况.结果 CP+SD-BMSCs组皮肤移植物存活时间为(15.7 ±1.4)d,空白对照组为(6.1±1.1)d,CP组为(12.3±1.5)d,SD-BMSCs组为(12.6±1.8)d,CP+SD-BMSCs组皮肤移植物存活时间明显比后3组延长(P＜0.05).全骨髓贴壁培养的BMSCs表面抗原鉴定:CD29+、CD44+分别为99.7%和96.7%,CD34-、CD45-分别为1.6%和1.3%.流式细胞仪检测Treg含量SD-BMSCs组和CP+SD-BMSCs组明显高于空白对照组和CP组(P＜0.05);ELISA检测受体外局血SD-BMSCs组和CP组TGF-β和IL-10明显高于空白对照组,SD-BMSCs和CP组IFN-γ则明显低于空白对照组(P＜0.05);共培养结果显示:来源于C57小鼠和SD大鼠的BMSCs可以明显抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖反应(P＜0.05),而上述两组组间比较差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 第三方BMSCs诱导同种异体移植免疫耐受作用可能与诱导受体Treg细胞增殖和促进免疫耐受因子的表达,抑制免疫排斥因子的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) in the allogeneic transplantation. Methods Forty female C57BL/ 6 mice and forty male BALB/C mice were respectively used as donors and recipients in skin allogenic graft model. Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group, CP group, BMSCs group , CP + BMSCs group , with 10 mice in each group. Before skin graft, high-dose abdominal injection of cyclophosphamide ( 200 mg/kg,2 d,q. d. ) was performed in recipient mice in CP and CP + BMSCs groups. On the transplantation day, a bonus of 2 x 106 BMSCs from the SD rat (SD-BMSCs) were injected through the tail vein in the BMSCs and CP + BMSCs groups. The observation and HE staining of skin grafts were used. The expressions of CD29, CD34, CD45 and CD90 of cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry in order to identify BMSCs. The CD4+ , CD25+ , Foxp3+ and Treg cells of spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine in peripheral blood of recipient mice were measured by ELISA,including TGF-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ. T cells were co-cultured with 60 Co-irradiated bone marrow MSCs from different individuals. The proliferative activity of T cells were evaluated with MTT assay. Results The skin graft survival time was significantly prolonged in the CP + BMSCs group, as compared with that in the blank control group, the CP group, the BMSCs group, respectively. Cells cultured by whole bone marrow adherent cultivation showed CD29+ (99.7% ) ,CD44+ (96.7% ) ,CD34 (1.6% ) ,CD45( 1. 3% ). Compared with the control group and CP group, the ratio of the CD4+ ,CD25+ ,Foxp3+ and Treg cells significantly increased in the SD-BMSCs group and CP + BMSCs group (P ＜ 0. 05). Analysis of peripheral blood by ELISA showed significant high level of TGF-β, IL-10 and low level of IFN-γ in BMSCs group and CP group, compared with that in control group. When co-cultured with BMSCs from different individuals, T- lymphocytes proliferation decreased apparently in SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P ＜ 0. 05) , but there was no significant difference between SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The immunotolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the allogeneic transplantation might be associated with its effect on the proliferation of Treg cells and increasing expression of TGF-β and IL-10, decreasing expression of IFN-γ.     

与大鼠胰岛细胞联合移植的骨髓间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用

目的 研究同种异体或自体的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)与胰岛肝内联合移植对胰岛移植物的免疫调节作用及其机制.方法 以链佐星制备Lewis大鼠的糖尿病模型,作为胰岛移植受者,分为3组:单纯移植组大鼠经门静脉单独移植SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg;同系MSC组大鼠经门静脉共同移植1×109/L的Lewis大鼠MSC 1 ml与SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg;同种MSC组大鼠经门静脉共同移植1×109/L的SD大鼠MSC 1 ml与SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg.检测受鼠的血糖变化,术后1、3 d大鼠外周血γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4和IL-10的含量.结果 3组大鼠术后第1天血糖均下降到13.9 mmol/L以下.同系MSC组移植物存活时间为(11.38±4.03)d,同种MSC组为(5.50±2.07)d,单纯移植组为(2.88±1.25)d(P＜0.01).术后1、3 d,单纯移植组IFN-γ和IL-2的含量显著高于同系MSC组和同种MSC组(P＜0.01),同种MSC组IFN-γ和IL-2的含量高于同系MSC组(P＜0.05);单纯移植组IL-10的含量低于同系MSC组和同种MSC组(P＜0.01),同系MSC组IL-10的含量与司种MSC组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);各组IL-4含量的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MSC与同种胰岛共移植可以延长胰岛移植物存活时间,应用同系MSC的效果优于同种异体MSC.共移植的MSC主要通过减少TH1类细胞因子(IFN-y和IL-2)的表达使受者TH1/TH2平衡向TH2方向偏移.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the immune regulation of syngenic and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the transplantation combined with islets. Methods After induction of diabetes in 30 Lewis rats with streptozotocin (STZ), the recipient Lewis rats received islets from SD rats combined with syngenic (group B) or allogenic (group C) MSCs injection via the portal vein. The group of islets transplanted alone served as control (group A). The survival time of grafts in all groups was assessed by the level of blood glucose. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood on the 1st and 3rd day after transplantation. Results The blood glucose levels in all three groups were decreased in a normal range (13. 9 mmol/L) and the survival time of grafts in group B (11.38 ± 4. 03 days) was significantly longer than in group C (5. 50± 2. 07 days) as well as group A (2. 88 ± 1.25 days). On the 1 st and 3rd day after transplantation, the levels of TH 1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in group A were significantly higher than in groups C and B (P＜0.05). Meanwhile the levels of TH 2 cytokine IL-10were increased in group B, but there was no significant difference between groups A and C (P＞0.05). The levels of IL-4 had no significant difference among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Islet transplantation combined with MSCs could prolong the survival time of grafts.Syngenic MSCs, superior to allogenic ones, were more effective in changing the balance of TH1/TH2to TH2. Decreased expression of TH1 cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2), which was closely related to the induction of immune tolerance, was beneficial to the long-term survival of grafts.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

大鼠胰腺癌微环境诱导未成熟树突状细胞功能的变化

Objective To study the effect of pancreatic cancer microenvironment on maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs), and to investigate the mechanism by which tumors escape from immune recognition. Methods DCs were cultured with rmGM (40μg/L) ,rmIL-4 (40μg/L) ,and the supernatant of cell line AR42J cells was added on the day 6, then a large number of DCs was gained. DCs cultured and in-duced by routine methods were used as controls. The expression of surface molecules CD86, and CD80 in DCs was detected to observe whether this intervention could delay or block maturation of DCs and this effect could be reversed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). T cell stimulatory effects were also determined. Results Compared to normal DCs, CD86 and CD80 expression positive rate was significantly decreased in DCs induced by AR42J supernatant from (70.88±3.60)% to (7.15±0.71 )%. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of CD86, and CD80 in DCs was still low, suggesting the AR42J super-natant could block the maturation of DCs. The allostimulatory capacity of the immature DCs stimulated with the AR42J superoatant was significantly lower than that of the normal immature DCs. Conclusion The supernatant from pancreatic cancer ceils in rats could inhibit the maturation of DCs, which was not easily reversed.     

不同来源成体骨髓间充质干细胞调控免疫功能的比较研究

目的 比较霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者与正常人骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)的免疫调节能力.方法 获取正常人、HL和NHL患者的骨髓MSC,用低血清培养液进行培养.采用流式细胞仪检测骨髓MSC的免疫表型;应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测骨髓MSC培养上清液中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的水平;采用Transwell培养体系检测骨髓MSC抑制T淋巴细胞增殖的能力;应用混合淋巴细胞反应检测骨髓MSC抑制异体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力.结果 正常人、HL和NHL患者骨髓间充质干细胞具有相似的细胞形态和免疫表型,均具有分泌TGF-β1的能力,均不表达HLA-DR和共刺激分子CD80、CD86和CD40.HL和NHL患者骨髓MSC具有抑制异体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力,这种抑制能力随着MSC细胞数量的增加而增强,并可以被抗TGF-β1抗体所逆转.体外诱导分化后的骨髓MSC仍然具有抑制异体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力.结论 HL和NHL患者骨髓MSC具有和正常成人骨髓MSC相同的免疫调控能力,这种抑制T淋巴细胞增殖的能力不随着其体外诱导分化而改变.     

大鼠未成熟树突状细胞体外扩增及功能鉴定

摘要：目的 探讨建立大鼠体外大量扩增未成熟树突状细胞(DC) 的方法, 以及不同剂量粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM CSF)对大鼠DC分化成熟的影响。方法 分离纯化并扩增大鼠骨髓细胞，用不同剂量GM CSF培养,6 d 和10 d后收集悬浮细胞进行扫描电镜观察和免疫表型鉴定,并行混合淋巴细胞反应,观察其诱导未致敏T 淋巴细胞增殖的情况。结果 小剂量GM CSF 培养获得的DC(GMlowDC) 形态上具有DC 的典型特征,在细胞表型、细胞功能试验上具有未成熟的特性,具有DC 的典型特征,细胞表面高表达CD11c,低表达CD80，CD86及MHC II类分子,与大剂量GM CSF加IL 4的联合组培养获得的DC( GMhighDC) 相比,其体外刺激未致敏T 淋巴细胞的增殖能力较弱.结论 笔者所建立的培养未成熟DC 的方法是可行的；GM CSF的剂量与细胞的成熟程度相关。     

大鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞体外培养体系的优化

目的 探讨优化大鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(DC)体外培养体系的方法.方法 应用重组大鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant rat GM-CSF,rrGM-CSF) 20 μg/L和重组大鼠白介素(recombinant rat interleukin,rrIL)- 4 10 μg/L诱导分化Lewis大鼠...     

前列腺素E2对小鼠树突状细胞迁移能力及抗乳腺癌免疫作用的影响

目的观察前列腺素E2（PGE2）对体外培养的乳腺癌抗原负载小鼠树突状细胞（DC）迁移能力及抗乳腺癌免疫作用的影响.方法用重组小鼠粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和重组小鼠白细胞介素-4培养BALB/c小鼠骨髓来源DC,负载乳腺癌抗原后加入PGE2,进行表型、CCR7mRNA及蛋白、同种异体混合淋巴细胞反应、特异性淋巴细胞（CTL）杀伤活性测定.将TM40D接种于小鼠左侧胸壁皮下制作乳腺癌动物模型,1周后皮下接种PGE2组及对照组DC,观察肿瘤抑制状况.结果体外实验显示,PGE2不影响DC的刺激淋巴细胞增殖能力和同种异体特异性杀伤活性.与对照组DC相比,PGE2培养组DC的CD80、CD86阳性细胞数增多,CCR7mRNA和蛋白表达上调（P＜0.05）.体外趋化试验显示,PGE2使DC对其配体CCL19和CCL21反应性增强（P＜0.05）.在乳腺癌动物模型中,PGE2培养组DC抑制肿瘤生长作用优于对照组.结论PGE2可以通过促进DC成熟并促进其体内迁移能力,提高抗乳腺癌DC疫苗的功效.     

慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓间充质干细胞的分离及其支持造血的研究

目的探讨慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）的分离以及体外支持造血的能力。方法采用细胞贴壁法获取16例CML患者的骨髓MSCs，在低血清培养液中培养和扩增。流式细胞仪检测免疫表型。通过油红O染色和Von Kossa染色检测MSCs向脂肪和骨的分化。逆转录聚合酶链法（RTPCR）检测bcr／abl融合基因的表达。对MSCs进行核型分析。RT-PCR检测细胞因子表达情况。将CML患者的骨髓MSCs作为滋养层，应用甲基纤维素半固体培养，检测其支持造血能力。结果CML来源的MSCs在倒置显微镜下为梭形，表达CD29、CD44、CD105，而CD14，CD31、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR均为阴性。在相应的诱导条件下可以向骨和脂肪分化。CML来源的MSCs不表达bcr／abl融合基因，具有正常细胞核型。CML来源的MSCs表达造血相关因子，在体外可以维持和扩增造血干／祖细胞。结论CML患者骨髓中存在具有多向分化能力的MSCs，其具有在体外支持造血的功能。     

小鼠骨髓未成熟树突状细胞体外扩增及鉴定

目的建立体外大量扩增小鼠未成熟树突状细胞(DC)的方法，从形态学、免疫表型和细胞功能试验等方面予以鉴定。方法制备小鼠骨髓细胞，分别用不同剂量重组小鼠粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rmGM—CSF)培养，7d后收集悬浮细胞进行扫描电镜观察和免疫表型鉴定，并行混合淋巴细胞反应，观察其诱导未致敏T淋巴细胞增殖的情况。结果小剂量rmGM—CSF培养获得的DC(GM^low DC)具有DC的典型特征，细胞表面高表达CD11c，低表达CD40、I—A／1-E，不表达B7—1，与大剂量rmGM—CSF培养获得的DC(GM^high DC)相比，其体外刺激未致敏T淋巴细胞增殖的能力较弱。结论本实验中获得的GM^low DC形态上具有DC的典型特征，在细胞表型、细胞功能试验上具有未成熟的特性，说明所建立的培养未成熟DC的方法是可行的；rmGM—CSF的剂量与细胞的成熟程度相关，一般说来，较大剂量的rmGM—CSF诱导生成的细胞以成熟。DC为主，小剂量rmGM—CSF诱导生成的细胞以未成熟DC为主。     

Sequential delivery of maturation stimuli increases human dendritic cell IL-12 production and enhances tumor antigen-specific immunogenicity

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of dendritic cells (DCs) in clinical trials, questions regarding the optimal means of DC preparation, in particular how to achieve optimal maturation, remain unanswered. We hypothesized that delivering two separate sequential maturation signals to DC in vitro, mimicking the process of DC maturation that occurs in vivo, would enhance the ability of DCs to generate antigen-specific effector T cells in an experimental in vitro antimelanoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human monocyte-derived DCs were transfected with mRNA encoding melanoma-associated antigen Mart-1 (MART) or influenza M1 matrix protein (M1). After mRNA transfection, DCs were left untreated or exposed to different maturation stimuli either added simultaneously or delivered sequentially 18 h after first stimulation. Phenotypic DC cell-surface marker changes and IL-12 secretion were analyzed. Specific antigen presentation by DCs was measured by IFN-gamma release Elispot assay using a CD8(+) MART peptide-specific T cell clone. RNA-transfected and treated DCs were cultured with autologous naive T cells and the induction of antigen-specific effector T cells were assessed by IFN-gamma release Elispot assay. RESULTS: DCs transfected and matured had increased cell-surface expression of CD40 and costimulatory molecules CD80, and CD86. DCs matured and further treated by soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) had a 10- and 2-fold increase in MART antigen presentation compared to untreated (immature) DCs and DCs treated only with a first maturation signal, respectively (Elispot P = 0.02). Delivery of sequential maturation stimuli resulted in maximal DC IL-12 secretion compared to simultaneous stimuli. Last, generation of antigen-specific effector T cells more than doubled with the sequential addition of sCD40L to mature DC stimulators (Elispot P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Maturation of DCs following mRNA transfection increases expression of cell-surface costimulatory molecules. Delivery of a second sequential maturation stimulus enhances antigen presentation, increases IL-12 secretion, and augments immunogenicity as evidenced by generation of tumor antigen-specific effector T cells. This strategy should be considered in the future development of RNA-based DC vaccine strategies for the treatment of cancer.     

Graft hyporeactivity induced by immature donor-derived dendritic cells

Immature dendritic cells (DCs) are deficient in surface co-stimulatory molecules and have been shown to exhibit a 'tolerogenic' potential. We investigated the allostimulatory activity of immature DCs in one-way mixed leukocyte reactions and their capacity to inhibit anti-donor cytolytic activity in the sponge matrix allograft model. Immature DCs (CD80 and CD86 deficient) were derived from bone marrow cells propagated in GM-CSF and TGF-beta1. Mature DCs (CD80+ and CD86+) were derived from bone marrow cells propagated in GM-CSF and IL-4. Either 2 x 10(6) DBA/2J (DBA, H-2d) immature DCs or 2 x 10(6) mature DCs were injected intravenously into C57BL/6J (B6, H-2b) mice 7 days prior to sponge matrix allograft implantation. On day 12, the sponge was harvested and the graft-infiltrating cells were tested in vitro for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Immature dendritic cell (DC) infused significantly and markedly inhibited intra-graft CTL activity compared to mature DCs and syngeneic bone marrow control cells. The administration of immature DCs directly into the sponge allograft failed to induce hyporeactivity. Thus, the only systemic infusion of immature donor DCs was able to recapitulate the donor-specific transfusion effect, and the capacity of donor bone marrow cells to induce donor-specific hyporeactivity in the sponge allograft model.     

Melanoma skews dendritic cells to facilitate a T helper 2 profile

BACKGROUND: Patients with progressing melanoma have a circulating cytokine profile reflecting a T helper cell type 2 (Th2) imbalance, while patients responding to therapy favor a Th1 profile. The aim of this study was to determine the role of circulating dendritic cells (DCs) in mediating this imbalance. METHODS: Isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to cell-free melanoma-conditioned medium (MCM) or control fibroblast-conditioned medium before stimulation. In separate experiments, isolated circulating DCs were exposed to MCM before addition of T cells. DC maturation and function were determined. Mixed leukocyte response T-cell proliferation was quantified and supernatants were assayed for Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) cytokines. RESULTS: PBMCs exposed to MCM produced significantly more Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) over time than those exposed to control medium. DCs exposed to MCM before addition of T cells, produced a similar pattern of a sustained longer term Th2 response after an initial burst of IL-2. Exposure to MCM did not significantly affect DC maturation or IL-12 production. T-cell proliferation did not change significantly in the mixed leukocyte response, however, the percentage of viable CD4+ T cells in the MCM-treated group was significantly less than control (37 vs 50%, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of PBMCs to melanoma produces a Th2-type cytokine profile, which may be, in part, facilitated by DCs.     

Rapamycin-conditioned, alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells promote indefinite survival of vascularized skin allografts in association with T regulatory cell expansion

Clinically-applicable protocols that promote tolerance to vascularized skin grafts may contribute to more widespread use of composite tissue transplantation. We compared the properties of alloantigen (Ag)-pulsed, rapamycin (Rapa)-conditioned and control bone marrow-derived host myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and their potential, together with transient immunosuppression (anti-lymphocyte serum+cyclosporine), to promote long-term, vascularized skin graft survival in Lewis rats across a full MHC barrier. Both types of DCs expressed low levels of CD86, but Rapa DC expressed lower levels of MHC II and CD40 and were less stimulatory in MLR. While both Rapa and control DCs produced low levels of IL-12p70 and moderate levels of IL-6 and IL-10 following TLR ligation, Rapa DC secreted significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in response to LPS. Donor Ag-pulsed Rapa DC, but not control DC, induced long-term skin graft survival (median survival time >133 days) when administered 7 and 14 days post-transplant. Circulating T cells in hosts with long-surviving grafts were hyporesponsive to donor alloAg stimulation, but proliferated in response to third-party stimulation and produced IFN-gamma and IL-10. When recipients of long-surviving grafts were challenged with skin grafts, donor but not third-party grafts were prolonged, suggesting underlying regulatory mechanisms. Both flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that donor Ag-pulsed Rapa DC infusion expanded CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg in recipients' spleens, graft-associated lymph nodes and the graft. These data demonstrate for the first time that pharmacologically-modified, donor Ag-pulsed host DC administered post-transplant can promote indefinite vascularized skin graft survival, associated with Treg expansion.