经额叶侧脑室脉络膜裂入路丘脑胶质瘤切除术

目的 研究经额叶侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除丘脑胶质瘤的手术方法.方法 采用经额叶侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除丘脑胶质瘤20例,在冠状缝前约1.5 cm、冠状缝后不超过1 cm内分离额上沟并切除部分额中回,进入侧脑室体部.根据丘脑肿瘤主体与脉络膜裂的关系,4例在脉络膜裂的内侧纵形进入第三脑室,切除突出于第三脑室的丘脑肿瘤;16例在脉络膜裂的外侧切除丘脑肿瘤.结果 1例肿瘤切除范围小于50%,余19例切除范围大于90%;病理结果:胶质瘤Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级8例.围手术期死亡1例.随访无癫痫发生,GOS评分:良好16例,重残1例,死亡2例.结论 丘脑胶质瘤的手术仍存在较大的困难,采用经额叶侧脑室脉络膜裂入路切除丘脑胶质瘤,取得较理想的效果.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of thalamic gliomas via transcortico -ventriculo -choroidal approach. Methods 20 cases of thalamic gliomas were included in this group. The part of middle frontal gyrus was removed to get to the lateral ventricule and from there, according to the direction of the tumor encroaching and relationship with choroidal fissure, the tumor was removed directly or through the third ventricle. Results Partial resection ( less than 50% ) was performed in 1 case. Subtotal resection (more than 90% ) was performed in 19 cases. 3 tumors were low -grade gliomas, 17 high - grade. There were two postoperative death. During follow - up period, 16 cases lived in good neurological condition, one severe condition who needed help completely. Another case died of glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusions Transcortico - ventriculo - choroidal approach is safe and effective for getting a good view in the surgical treatment of thalamic glioma.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗体会

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路选择、手术技巧及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2006年10月手术治疗的45例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,14例经单侧额下入路,15例经翼点入路,9例经眶额翼点入路,7例扩大经额入路.结果 肿瘤全切除42例,大部分切除3例;术后视力改善33例,无明显变化9例,3例恶化.结论 根据肿瘤大小、部位、生长方式及毗邻关系选择正确的手术入路并结合熟练的显微外科手术操作是全切除肿瘤及获得良好临床疗效的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To study the surgical approaches, operative techniques and curative effects of tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Method Retrospective analysis was made on 45 cases of tuberculum sellae meningiomas operated with a variety of surgical approaches. In 14 patients,the tumors were removed through unilateral subfrontal approach, 15 through pterional approach,9 through fronto - orbital craniotomy and 7 through extended frontal approach. Results Of the 45 cases, tumor was totally removed in 42 cases, subtotally removed in 3. Postoperatively, the eyesight was improved in 33 cases, unchanged in 9 cases, and worse in 3 cases. Conclusions The surgical approach for tuberculum sellae meningioma should be chosen according to the size, location, growth pattern and adjacent relation of tumor. The microsurgical skill is the key for total removal of tumor and good curative effect.     

基底节区高血压脑出血CT分型及手术策略

目的 探讨高血压基底节区脑出血的CT影像学分型、手术术式选择和治疗效果.方法 56例高血压基底节区脑出血患者,依据CT影像中出血部位和累及区域将基底节区出血分为四个类型及三个亚型:(1)前部型;(2)中间型;(3)后部型:①后内侧型,②后中间型,③后外侧型;(4)混合型.对不同分型患者分别选择经侧裂-脑岛入路或经中央沟下点-脑岛入路,总结技术要点,对术后效果进行评价.结果 56例患者前部型占7%(4例);中间型占20%(11例);后部型占41%(23例):后内侧型占9%(5例),后中间型占21%(12例),后外侧型占11%(6例);混合型占32%(18例).采用经侧裂-脑岛入路清除血肿的占41%(23例),经中央沟下点-脑岛入路的占59%(33例).术后复查头颅CT,52例血肿清除＞90%,3例血肿清除＞75%,1例血肿清除＞50%,平均住院天数15.8 d.根据GOS评分:恢复良好13例,中残29例,重残12例,植物生存2例,无死亡病例.结论 该分类法对于手术入路的选择具有指导意义,经侧裂-脑岛入路和经中央沟下点-脑岛入路清除基底节区血肿效果可靠、再出血概率少,具有微创、神经功能恢复好等优点.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the surgical strategy of hypertensive striatocapsular hemorrhage according to a new classification method designed on the basis of CT scans.Methods The clinical and neuroimaging data of 56 consecutive patients with hypertensive striatocapsular hematoma who underwent surgical management were collected in the neurosurgical department of Renji hospital from January 2008 to January 2010.The hematomas were divided into four types and three subtypes: (1) the anterior type; (2)the middle type; (3) the posterior type and its three Transsylvian - transinsular approach or translower - rolandic - point (LRP) - transinsular approach was chosen respectively to treat these patients according to our new classification method.Results In this group, 4 patients (7%) were anterior type,11 (20 % ) middle type, 23 (41% ) posterior type, and 18 (32%)mixed type.In posterior type, 5(9%) patients were posteromedial type, 12 (21%) posteromiddle type, and 6 (11%) posterolateral type.Transsylvian -transinsular approach was taken in 23 patients (41% ), and transLRP -transinsular approaches in 33patients (59 %).The volume of the remaining hematoma was measured by postoperative CT scans: nearly 90%evacuation was achieved in 52 cases, 75% in 3, and 50% in 1 case.According to GOS score, 13 cases returned to preoperative life status, 29 cases recovered sufficiently to return to family life, 12 cases could ambulate with a crutch but needed assistance, 2 cases lived with a vegetative state, and none was dead.Conclusions The new classification will be helpful for surgical strategy of managing hypertensive striatocapsular hemorrhage.Transsylvian -transinsular and transLRP- transinsular approaches should be advocated.     

脑干血管畸形的显微手术治疗(附19例报告)

目的 探讨脑干血管畸形的显微外科手术治疗方法和预后.方法 显微手术切除脑干血管畸形19例.6例经枕下正中第四脑室底入路切除;9例经枕下乙状窦后入路切除;3例经小脑延髓裂入路切除;1例经枕下正中入路上抬蚓垂后切除.结果 19例病灶均镜下全切,其中海绵状血管瘤15例,动静脉畸形4例.13例症状改善,5例出现并发症,1例因下呼吸道感染死亡.随访中GOS 5分15例,GOS 4分2例,GOS 3分1例.MRI复查无病灶残留.结论 在恰当选择手术适应证、手术时机和手术入路的基础上,运用娴熟的显微外科技术,脑干血管畸形的手术治疗结果是令人满意的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the microsurgical treatment of brainstem vascular malformation and evaluate the surgical outcome. Method Brain stem vascular malformations in 19 cases were resected by microsurgical techniques. Six cases of cavernous malformations ( CM ) in the dorsal of pons and medulla underwent operations via through the base of the forth ventrical approach. Another nine cases of CM in lateral and ventral lateral pons were treated via suboccipito - retrosigmoid approach. Three cases of arteriovenous malformation(AVM) in cerebellomedullary fissure were treated via telovelar approach. One case of AVM in the dosal medulla were resected via transvermian approach. Results All the lesions were totally resected. Pathologic diagnosis were CM( 15 cases) and AVM(4 cases). The diameter of all the CM were less than 1 centimeter. One AVM was 1.5 centimeter in diameter, the other two lesions was 2. 0 centimeter, the last one was 2. 5 centimeter. The functional disorders were improved after operation in 13 cases. Complications appeared in five patients, which improved between one week and three months. One patient died of sever pneumonia. During two months to six years after operation, the brainstem vascular malformation didn't recrudesce and re - bleed. No one patient appeared new syndromes. Conclusions The microsurgical management of brainstem vascular malformation can effectively prevent re - bleeding. Selecting different surgical approach basing on the locations can reduce the neurofunction damage. In order to accelerate the recovery of damaged brainstem, early surgery should be choosen for the patients with surgical indications. Basing on the correct choice of surgical indications, using the extensive knowledge of microanatomy,new concept of minimal invasive surgery and skillful microsurgical techniques, the surgical results of brainstem vascular malformation are satisfactory.     

导航引导下内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路切除鞍上区和第三脑室内颅咽管瘤

目的 探讨导航引导下完全内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路切除位于鞍上区和第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的可行性和有效性.方法 采用内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路、术中导航引导下切除3例位于鞍上区和第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤.结果 3例颅咽管瘤全切,手术效果好.术后随访10-14个月,患者生活正常,需要激素替代治疗.结论 内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路可以安全有效地切除位于鞍上区、第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤,这种手术方式不需要牵拉脑组织,并能完全暴露视交叉后、下方区域,在直视下操作,有利于对下丘脑、垂体柄及其他重要结构的保护.对于选择性的颅咽管瘤病例,内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路是切除肿瘤的一种新型微创手术入路.神经导航可以验证解剖标记点,引导手术方向,增加手术安全性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of image -guided extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach(EEETA) for the removal of craniopharyngiomas in the suprasellar region and third ventricle. Method A pure EEETA with image -guided system was used. Three patients with a craniopharyngioma involving the suprasellar region and third ventricle were treated. Results Total craniopharyngioma removal was achieved in three cases. All the patients recovered uneventfully. The follow - up study was carried out for 10 to 14 months with good outcomes. Compensatory endocrine substitution therapy was needed in all of them. Conclusions The EEETA for removal of craniopharyngiomas in the suprasellar region and third ventricle is feasible and effective. It has the advantages of no needing for brain retraction,offering panoramic view of retrochiasmatic and infrachiasmatic regions,manipulating under direct vision and protecting hypothalamus,pituitary stalk and other vital structures. The EEETA is a novel and minimally invasive approach for selected cases of craniopharyngioma. Neuronavigation plays an important role in identifying anatomic landmarks,guiding surgical direction and increasing safety of the operations.     

经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤

目的 探讨经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤的手术方法和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析自2004年至2009年收治的13例颅眶沟通肿瘤患者的临床资料,采取经翼点-眶顶入路的手术方式切除肿瘤.结果 在13例患者中,肿瘤全切10例,大部或部分切除3例.经组织病理学检查证实良性肿瘤9例,恶性肿瘤4例.最常见的肿瘤类型为脑膜瘤,本组6例.所有患者的临床症状在术后均有不同程度的改善,无手术死亡及严重并发症.结论 经翼点-眶顶入路切除颅眶沟通肿瘤,操作简便、易于暴露、手术创伤小.术中应注意保护球后重要组织,并根据需要进行眶顶修补或重建.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the procedure via pterional -orbital approach for cranioorbital communicating tumors.Method 13 patients with cranio -orbital communicating tumors were retrospectively analyzed.Pterional approach was adopted for the operations with resection of orbital roof, and the surgical advantages and cautions were concerned.Results In 13 patients, 10 cases undertook total removal, and 3 cases undertook subtotal or partial removal of tumors.9 cases were benign, and 4 cases were malignant tumors.Pathological results showed that 6 cases were meningioma which was the most common type.Patient's follow - up ranged from 3 to 52 months, which showed that no operative death and severe complications were revealed.The most common complication was injury of extraocular muscles, which occurred in 4 patients.Conclusions Resection of cranio - orbital tumors via pterional - orbital approach provided facilities for exposing tumors and showed less operative damages.Protecting important tissues in postglobal region and reconstructing orbital roof will result in less postoperative complications.     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路早期夹闭前交通动脉瘤

目的 探讨应用神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路早期手术夹闭前交通动脉瘤的疗效.方法中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院神经外科自2002年1月至2010年1月采用神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路在出血早期(72 h内)手术治疗前交通动脉瘤(Hunt-Hess分级1～3级)患者35例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 35例患者均顺利完成动脉瘤夹闭.2例患者术中动脉瘤破裂,经临时阻断载瘤动脉快速解剖瘤颈后夹闭;患者均无入路相关的严重并发症;术后复查DSA或CTA证实动脉瘤夹闭完全,载瘤动脉无狭窄,远端动脉通畅良好.术后3个月复诊时,30例(85.7%)患者恢复良好(GOS评分4～5分),所有患者切口美容效果良好.结论 出血早期(72 h内)经神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路手术处理Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级前交通动脉瘤患者安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach in the early surgical treatment of patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms (AcoA). Methods Thirty-five patients with ruptured AcoA, admitted to our hospital from January 2002 to January 2010, adopted clipping via endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach within 72 h of onset. The neurostatus of these patients were ranged from grade 1 to 3 (Hunt-Hiss Scale scores). The surgical details were described, and the clinical results were assessed according to the scores of Glasgow Outcome Scale.Results Operations were successfully finished in all patients; the endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach offered sufficient exposure of neurovascular structures for clipping AcoA. Intraoperative accidental aneurysm rupture occurred in 2 patients, but these events were managed successfully by blocking-up the parent artery and performing quick aneurysm neck dissection; no serious complications caused by the surgical approach occurred; postoperative DSA or CTA indicated that the aneurysm was totally clipped and the parent artery appeared no stenosis, and distal artery was unobstructed. Three months after the operation, 30 patients (85.7%) achieved very good outcomes (GOS:4-5 scores). All the patients achieved good cosmetic results. Conclusion In selected AcoA patients with grade 1-3, the endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach is safe and effective for gaining access to and treating the aneurysms on early hemorrhage stage.     

岩斜区肿瘤的手术入路选择

目的探讨岩斜区肿瘤的手术入路选择,以提高岩斜区肿瘤的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月经显微外科技术切除的92例岩斜区肿瘤,比较手术入路对手术结果的影响。根据肿瘤的临床和影像学特征,将岩斜区肿瘤分为四型。Ⅰ型,采用颞下-经天幕入路;Ⅱ型,采用颞下-经岩骨嵴入路,另有3例巨大型蝶岩斜坡型脑膜瘤采用经岩入路(幕上幕下联合或乙状窦前入路);Ⅲa,采用枕下乙状窦后入路;Ⅲb,采用乙状窦后-内听道上入路;Ⅳ型,经鼻-蝶入路切除。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ～Ⅱ级全切除83例。次全切除9例,其中Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲb型1例,Ⅳ型2例。术后新增脑神经功能障碍16例(17.4%),肢体偏瘫2例;另有2例KPS评分为50分,这2例随访3个月后基本恢复至术前状态。无死亡病例。结论对于不同类型的岩斜区肿瘤,选择合适的手术入路有助于提高疗效,减少术后并发症。乙状窦后及其改良入路、颞下-经天幕及其改良入路是岩斜区重要的手术入路。而硬膜外岩斜区肿瘤适合于采用经蝶入路手术切除。     

虚拟现实技术在海绵窦手术入路定量分析中的作用

目的 探讨虚拟现实系统在海绵窦手术量化比较中的应用价值.方法 5例尸头行CT 和MRI扫描,影像数据输入Dextroscope虚拟现实系统构建海绵窦三维解剖模型.选取颅盖和颅底骨性标识点连线形成空间框架,模拟经外上、外下两个方向入路,测量解剖结构体积和手术窗口面积,进行比较分析.结果 在海绵窦三维解剖模型中成功模拟手术入路,操作空间中可清楚显示解剖结构,成功测量脑组织、脑神经、颈内动脉等体积和手术窗口面积数据并进行比较.结论 虚拟现实解剖模型模拟海绵窦手术入路清晰逼真,相关体积和面积数据测量有助于不同手术入路的比较研究.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the utility of virtual reality system in quantitative comparison for cavernous sinus surgical approach.Method Image data of CT and MRI scan performed in five adult cadaver heads was inputted into the Destroscope virtual reality system to build 3-D model of cavernous sinus.Surgical approaches for cavernous sinus from superolateral and inferolateral directions were simulated respectively in virtual reality system by lining landmark points selected on the calvaria and skull base to form special framework.Then,the two approaches were compared and analyzed according to the data measured for volume of anatomic structures and area of surgical entry.Results Images of anatomic structures related to cavernous sinus were displayed well in the operative space simulated successfully by the virtual reality system.The data measuring of volume for brain tissue, cranial nerves,intracavernous artery and area for operative entry was obtained and compared successfully.Conclusions Surgical approaches for cavernous sinus can be simulated in the virtual reality system with high fidelity.Data of correlative volume and area measuring is helpful for comparison between different surgical approaches.     

神经内镜下寰枕部减压手术治疗Chiari畸形

目的 探讨神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 对23例经MRI确诊为Chiari畸形但不伴有寰枢锥脱位和齿突凹陷的患者在神经内镜下进行了寰枕减压手术,并进行疗效观察.结果 23例术后随访0.5-3.0年,原有症状均有不同程度改善,感觉障碍程度减轻,肢体肌力有所增强.无手术后并发症.术前合并脊髓空洞症的16例患者中,术后7例空洞消失,8例范围缩小,1例范围无明显变化.结论 神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形方法可行,手术安全、有效、创伤小、疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the methods and effectiveness to treat Chiari malformation with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under endoscope. Method 23 cases with Chiari malformation.(without atlanto- axialdislocation and basilar invagination) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging( MRI)were operated with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under the endoscope. Results 23 cases were followed- up 0. 5 -3. 0, years after operation, all the symptoms and signs were remarkably relieved after the operation. No complications was found. In 16 cases with spinal cavities,7 cases spinal cavities disappeared and scases deflated,l case no evident change. Conclusions The endoscope -assisted decompression of the foramen magnum is a safe and effective surgical method to treat Chairi malformation.     

Foramen magnum tumors: a series of 30 cases

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Foramen magnum tumors, especially those located ventrally, are surgically challenging. We studied clinical and surgical details of extramedullary tumors located in the region of the foramen magnum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 30 cases of extramedullary tumors at the foramen magnum, operated over a period of 8 years is presented. RESULTS: There were 10 neurofibromas, 8 meningiomas, 6 chordomas, 2 tuberculomas and 4 miscellaneous tumors. The clinical profile consisted of sensory symptoms in all the patients, quadriparesis in 24, lower cranial nerve affection in 8 and sphincter disturbances in 6 patients. The surgical approaches consisted of an extreme lateral approach in 10, a posterior or posterolateral approach in 18 and a per-oral route in 2 cases. Total excision of the tumor was performed in 24 and a subtotal excision of the tumor was done in 6 cases. Two patients died, one due to meningitis and the other due to chest infection. Eight other patients had complications like CSF leak, meningitis, pseudomeningocele, laryngeal edema, and transient worsening of neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Foramen magnum tumors have long been regarded as difficult lesions both in terms of diagnosis and management. However, with the availability of MR imaging, newer surgical techniques and skull basal exposures, the excision of these lesions is becoming easier and safer.     

远外侧锁孔入路切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤临床研究

目的 采用显微锁孔入路切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤，重点探讨手术入路及手术技巧。方法 总结我院1999年6月至2006年6月采用显微锁孔入路切除8例枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤的经验。手术入路：远外侧经髁后入路5例，远外侧经髁入路3例。结果8例肿瘤全切除6例，次全切除2例，无一例死亡。结论 远外侧入路是切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤的最佳手术入路。经髁后和部分经髁锁孔入路足够暴露和切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤。     

枕骨大孔区肿瘤的手术入路及显微外科治疗

目的探讨枕骨大孔区肿瘤显微外科手术的方法和入路分析。方法自2005年2月至2008年3月应用显微外科技术切除枕骨大孔区肿瘤20例,其中脑膜瘤13例,皮样囊肿3例,神经鞘瘤2例,脊索瘤1例,脉络丛乳突状瘤1例。影像学检查17例肿瘤位于硬膜内,3例位于硬膜外,其中肿瘤位于枕骨大孔前方、前外侧12例,后、侧方8例,5例肿瘤骑跨于枕骨大孔。结果本组20例中,采用后正中入路7例,枕下外侧入路12例,经口咽入路1例。肿瘤全切除17例,次全切除2例,大部分切除1例,术后出现后组颅神经轻度麻痹2例,无手术死亡。结论枕骨大孔区肿瘤手术显微程度要求高,脑干、后组颅神经和血管保护尤为重要。手术入路应根据肿瘤位置及与脑干的关系来选择,枕下外侧入路对于处理前、外侧肿瘤是一项好的选择,而脑干被压于侧方的,即使肿瘤位于前腹侧也可选择后方入路。     

枕骨大孔区肿瘤的MRI诊断及显微外科治疗

目的探讨枕骨大孔区肿瘤的MRI诊断、类别和显微外科治疗方法。方法回顾分析MRI诊断和显微手术治疗51例枕骨大孔区肿瘤,根据肿瘤的MRI及类别选择手术入路,经枕下后正中入路手术切除41例,经枕下远外侧入路手术切除10例。结果肿瘤全切除37例(72.5%),次全切除13例,部分切除l例。临床症状改善者40例,保持原有症状者5例,症状较术前加重4例,术后死亡2例。术后随访到45例,随访期内复发3例。结论枕骨大孔区肿瘤种类及表现差异性大,MRI检查可提供准确的定位和诊断;根据MRI成像特点选择恰当的手术入路和采用显微外科手术切除肿瘤可获得良好的临床效果。     

枕下远外侧入路切除枕大孔前方及外侧肿瘤

目的 探讨枕下远外侧入路显微外科切除枕骨大孔区前方及外侧肿瘤的手术方法。方法 自1995年9月至2002年10月应用枕下远外侧入路切除枕骨大孔区前、外侧肿瘤10例，其中脑膜瘤5例、复发性脊索瘤2例、舌下神经鞘瘤2例、颈静脉球瘤1例。结果 本组10例中，肿瘤全切除6例、次全切除3例、大部分切除1例、术后出现后组颅神经麻痹2例，无手术死亡。结论 该入路可增加术野空间，从更大程度上显露肿瘤组织，有利于减少对脑干和重要血管、神经的牵拉。     

枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤的手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年11月显微手术治疗的13例枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 7例脑干腹侧肿瘤采用远外侧入路,5例脑干外侧肿瘤采用后正中入路2例、远外侧入路3例,1例脑干背侧肿瘤采用后正中入路。肿瘤全切除12例（Simpson分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级11例）,部分切除1例（Simpson分级Ⅳ级）。3脑干腹侧肿瘤术后出现并发症,其中1例后组颅神经功能障碍、1例肢体肌力下降,治疗半年恢复正常;1例因脑脊液漏,引发颅内感染、肺部感染、尿路感染以及应激性溃疡而死亡。存活12例术后随访18～120个月,平均（77.31±38.25）个月;1例脑干外侧肿瘤出现脑积水,1例复发,其余10例无复发、正常生活。结论 对枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤,根据肿瘤位置及特点选择合适的手术入路,术中保护好椎动脉、脑干、后组颅神经等重要组织,显微手术可取得良好的疗效。     

远外侧入路切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的显微手术探讨(附11例报告)

目的探讨经远外侧入路切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的显微手术技巧。方法自2003年5月至2010年5月经远外侧入路显微手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤11例,其中,经枕髁后入路5例,经部分枕髁入路4例,经C_1～2关节面侧方联合部分枕髁入路2例。结果肿瘤全切除（SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级）7例,次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级）3例,大部切除（SimpsonⅣ级）1例,无手术死亡病例。结论经远外侧入路显微手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的关键在于:①合理设计磨除枕骨大孔侧方骨质的范围以充分暴露肿瘤;②术中注意保护脑干、上颈髓、后组颅神经及椎动脉等重要结构。     

枕大孔区肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨枕大孔区肿瘤显微外科治疗。方法 显微手术治疗枕大孔区肿瘤共22例，其中采用远外侧入路18例，枕下后正中入路4例。病理类型：脑膜瘤13例，神经鞘瘤6例，脊索瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤、血管外膜细胞瘤各1例。结果 肿瘤全切除17例，次全切除5例，无手术死亡。术后症状全部缓解13例，明显好转9例。随访1．5-2年，其中无任何症状16例，遗有轻度颅神经功能障碍4例，生活自理1例，部分自理1例，本组患者无肿瘤复发。结论 采用显微外科技术可提高枕大孔区肿瘤的治疗效果。     

远外侧入路切除枕大孔腹外侧区肿瘤

目的探讨枕大孔腹外侧区肿瘤手术技巧,以合理的入路、最小的创伤获得最大的显露、更高的切除率。方法选择斜坡和枕大孔区腹外侧肿瘤12例,其中神经鞘瘤5例,胆脂瘤3例,脑膜瘤2例,室管膜瘤1例,脊索瘤1例。运用远外侧入路及其改良法显微镜下切除该区位于低位脑干和上颈髓腹外侧不同性质的肿瘤。结果手术全切除8例,次全切及大部分切除4例。均恢复良好。结论远外侧入路是切除枕大孔腹外侧区病变的一种良好的入路。     

Giant dumbbell foramen magnum neurinomas presenting as posterior neck masses: single-stage removal by posterior midline approach

Two patients with giant dumbbell foramen magnum neurinomas are reported. The intradural component was located anterior to the cervicomedullary junction while the extradural and extraspinal portion of the tumor had grown large enough to present as a neck swelling. In both patients total surgical removal was achieved by a single-stage posterior midline approach. Both patients had complete neurological recovery.