单孔腹腔镜处理小儿鞘状突未闭的经验介绍

目的探讨用大圆针行经脐部单孔法腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液的临床价值。方法广州市番禺区钟村医院自2010年1月至2015年6月收治的32例腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液患儿进行手术治疗,患儿均在单孔腹腔镜监视下,使用大圆针完成高位缝合未闭的鞘状突,并对手术时间、手术出血量、手术并发症、复发率进行分析。结果 32例手术均在腹腔镜下顺利完成,手术时间为6.5~22.5 min,平均13.2min,术平均中出血量均小于5 mL。25例获得随访6~36月,平均21.6月,并未发现有并发症及复发病例。结论使用大圆针行单孔法腹腔镜高位缝合鞘状突治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液操作简便、创伤小、安全有效、术后恢复快、不留瘢痕,非常适合在基层医院开展。     

单孔腹腔镜治疗儿童巨大腹股沟斜疝

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜辅助腹膜外双钩疝针内环关闭并脐内侧襞遮盖术治疗儿童巨大(内环口直径≥1.5 cm)腹股沟斜疝的近期疗效。方法回顾长春市儿童医院2015年1月~2017年5月单孔腹腔镜辅助腹膜外水分离双钩套扎针内环口闭合并脐内侧襞遮盖修补术治疗的63例巨大疝资料。均为男性,年龄5个月~6岁,中位年龄36个月,疝内环口直径≥1.5 cm,实施单孔腹腔镜辅助腹膜外双钩疝针疝内环关闭并脐内侧襞遮盖。结果 63例(77侧)巨大腹股沟疝均成功实施手术。49例单侧巨大疝术中发现32例合并对侧鞘状突未闭,予以同时单纯腹膜外内环结扎。手术时间单侧49例为(9.5±3.5)min,双侧14例为(20.8±4.2)min。术中未出现血管损伤、疝环腹膜撕裂及腹膜结扎不全等。随访时间6~30个月,平均22个月。2例鞘膜积液,2例线结反应,无伤口感染、复发疝以及医源性隐睾或睾丸萎缩等并发症发生。结论单孔腹腔镜辅助腹膜外双钩疝针内环关闭并脐内侧襞遮盖术治疗儿童巨大腹股沟斜疝安全、有效。     

输尿管镜下经脐单孔完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝

目的：评价输尿管镜在儿童腹股沟斜疝手术治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2012年12月,河北省滦县人民医院应用输尿管镜经脐单孔完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝206例的临床资料。结果单侧疝手术时间5-15 min,平均10 min;双侧疝手术时间10-20 min,平均15 min。术中出血2-4 ml,切口无需缝合。术中发现对侧鞘状突未闭31例（15．0）％。术后1-2 d出院。结论输尿管镜下经脐单孔完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术操作简单,安全,切口小,疼痛轻微,手术时间及住院时间短。缝合过程中疝囊可获得输尿管镜钳的夹持固定,疝囊高位完全腹膜外结扎确切,输尿管镜对于儿童腹股沟斜疝的治疗有应用价值。     

腹腔镜带线直针单隧道疝囊高位结扎治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝427例

目的探讨腹腔镜带线直针单隧道疝囊高位结扎治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的价值。方法脐下脐上分别切5 mm及3 mm切口,建立气腹后置入5 mm及3 mm trocar,在疝囊颈投影的皮肤位置切1 mm切口,自该切口刺入带线疝针,疝针在腹膜外沿疝囊颈后方走行,疝针通过精索血管后针尖即可穿过腹膜进入腹腔,用腹腔镜钳将疝针上的线牵拉进入腹腔足够长。将疝针沿原隧道缓慢退出,至退到腹膜外原进针垂直位置后将疝针沿疝囊颈的外侧走行,于疝囊颈后方出线处出针,将腹腔内留的线穿过疝针上方的线与疝针之间的间隙,腹腔外轻拉疝针与缝线,将腹腔内的线带出,并剪断,并分别打结,完成疝囊单隧道双线高位结扎。结果 427例中术中发现对侧鞘状突未闭218例,占单侧腹股沟斜疝患者的51.2%。单侧手术平均时间约8.5分钟,术后脐部少量渗血5例,无阴囊、腹股沟血肿等其他并发症。平均住院时间3.1天,术后312例随访3月~24月,无复发病例,未出现线结反应,术后内环处未扪及线结。结论腹腔镜带线直针疝囊单隧道高位结扎治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝疗效满意。     

小儿鞘状突未闭畸形8418例

目的：总结小儿鞘状突未闭畸形的临床治疗经验。方法：回顾分析小儿鞘状突未闭畸形8418例，其中腹股沟斜疝5261例；鞘膜积液2125例；隐睾1032例。结果：5261例腹股沟斜疝中，除12例腹股沟管后壁明显薄弱，行Bassini法疝修补术外，其余病例均行单纯疝囊高位结扎术治愈；2125例鞘膜积液均经鞘状突高位结扎治愈；1032例隐睾中，单侧睾丸缺如6例，左侧多睾畸形2例，假性多睾畸形1例。隐睾扭转5例，睾丸均已坏死，行切除术。其余病例均行鞘状突高位结扎术。高位隐睾31例，行分期固定术26例，Fowler-Stephens手术5例；中间位和低位隐睾均行肉膜囊固定法治愈。结论：小儿鞘状突未闭畸形适宜于1岁左右手术，行鞘状突高位结扎术，并处理相应的并发畸形。     

腹腔镜下单通道自制疝气针完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝163例

目的探讨腹腔镜下单通道完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的疗效。方法2012年3—9月我院施行腹腔镜下单通道完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术163例。于脐环下方置入5mm腹腔镜,采用自制疝气针,于腹横纹插入并带入爱惜康0号丝线,于腹膜外环形高位结扎内环口。结果术中过程顺利,59例术中发现对侧隐性鞘状突未闭。手术时间单侧5—10min;双侧10—15min;术中出血量0．2—2ml。术后恢复平稳,均于术后第2天出院。无精索、输精管损伤及术后阴囊血肿等。163例术后随访3—9个月,平均6个月,无复发。结论单孔腹腔镜下单通道完全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝创伤小、恢复快、无瘢痕,可发现并治疗对侧潜在斜疝。     

门诊针式切口治疗小儿腹膜鞘状突未闭

目的探讨门诊针式切口治疗小儿腹膜鞘状突未闭的可行性和手术效果。方法对803例876侧腹膜鞘状突未闭小儿在门诊行腹股沟针式切口高位缝扎鞘状突手术病例进行回顾性总结分析。结果全组病例均治愈,单侧手术时间5~30 min。手术切口甲级愈合率100%,术后阴囊肿胀32例,复发8侧,复发率0.91%。结论针式切口治疗小儿腹膜鞘状突未闭在门诊手术切实可行且手术效果满意。     

单孔腹腔镜与开放手术治疗小儿鞘状突未闭的疗效比较

目的比较小儿鞘状突未闭经腹腔镜和开放手术治疗的临床效果。方法回顾性分析西安市第九医院自2012年1月至2015年12月行鞘状突高位结扎治疗12岁以下小儿腹股沟斜疝和鞘膜积液共92例,其中开放手术组45例,单孔腹腔镜组47例。对两组手术时间、出血量、切口长度、住院时间、治疗费用、切口感染、阴囊水肿、术后复发等情况进行比较分析。结果两组手术均顺利完成,术后随访3~6月无复发。腹腔镜组术中无中转开放,发现对侧鞘状突未闭9例,单侧手术时间[(21.6±5.6)min vs.(64.5±20.1)min]、平均出血量[(2.1±0.6)vs.(20.0±5.3)mL]、切口长度[(7.2±2.6)mmvs.(36.0±3.9)mm]、住院时间[(5.4±0.5)d]等各指标均少于开放组,而治疗费用[(5 250.22±478.31)元vs.(4 657.19±657.32)元]高于开放组,差异具有统计学意义。结论单孔腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎具有创伤小、住院时间短、可同时发现处理对侧隐性鞘状突未闭以及更为突出的美容效果等特点,值得在有条件的医院开展。     

经脐单通道与两孔腹腔镜治疗小儿鞘膜积液的比较

目的 比较经脐单通道与两孔腹腔镜下腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年3月,连云港市第一人民医院收治的400例临床表现为单侧的鞘膜积液病例。根据手术方法分为两组,A组(200例):采用经脐单通道腹腔镜下硬膜外穿刺针引导prolene线完全腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液。B组(200例):采用两孔腹腔镜法。结果 两组共400例患儿均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术,术中探查发现内环口开放情况:A组:单侧37例,双侧163例,B组:单侧21例,双侧179例。A组在平均手术时间[单侧(14.62±3.20)vs(19.29±2.12)min,双侧(23.82±5.24)vs(29.93±5.22)min],术后平均住院天数[(2.98±0.38)vs(3.26±0.54)d]方面均短于B组,差异有统计学意义。术后B组发生切口疝2例,两组均无阴囊水肿、血肿及切口感染发生。术后随访3个月至1年,两组在术后近、远期并发症方面差异均无统计学意义。结论 经脐单通道腹腔镜下采用硬膜外穿刺针完全腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液的方法简便,安全有效,创伤小,是治疗小儿鞘膜积液的理想术式之一。     

脐缘单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟管型隐睾的早期疗效

目的 探讨脐缘单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟管型隐睾的早期临床疗效。方法 2020年9月～2022年3月我科对53例小儿腹股沟管型隐睾(左侧19例，右侧31例，双侧3例)采用腹腔镜镜头由内环口伸入腹股沟管并确定睾丸位置后，利用腹腔镜镜头顶住患侧鞘膜囊，沿腹股沟管下行入患侧阴囊，于阴囊底部腹腔镜头冷光源处做一横切口，腹腔镜镜头将鞘膜囊顶至切口外，打开鞘状突后拖出睾丸，横断鞘膜囊，必要时行精索和输精管的游离，无张力固定睾丸于患侧阴囊皮肤肉膜间。结果 手术均顺利完成，无中转开放手术，术中探查见患侧内环口均未闭合，对侧内环口未闭合占单侧隐睾患儿42.0%(21/50),同期行高位结扎术。手术时间(35.5±6.6)min。53例术后3、6、12、18个月患侧阴囊彩超提示所有患儿患侧睾丸血供良好，未出现睾丸回缩、萎缩，患侧无腹股沟斜疝、鞘膜积液等并发症。术前彩超睾丸体积(0.69±0.25)ml,与末次随访(0.92±0.32)ml比较差异有统计学差异(t=13.083,P=0.000)。结论 脐缘单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟管型隐睾可行，不破坏患侧腹股沟管结构，能发现并同时结扎对侧鞘状突，短期疗...     

腹腔镜治疗小儿疝及鞘膜积液180例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液的新方法。方法：行腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜驰及交通性鞘膜积液180例,其中小儿腹股沟斜疝150例,右侧80例,左侧40例,双侧30例;单侧斜疝中20例有对侧隐性疝;交通性鞘膜积液30例,右侧20例,左侧10例。均在腹腔镜下行内环口荷包缝合高位结扎术＋积液抽出术。结果：手术时间单侧疝平均5-10min,双侧疝10～20min。术后平均1．5d出院,皮肤切口无需缝线。无并发症发生。随访6～24个月,平均12个月,未见复发。结论：腹腔镜下内环口高位结扎术＋积液抽出术具有安全有效、创伤小、无瘢痕、康复快、住院时间短、操作简便、无需特殊器械等优点,无阴囊感染、睾丸扭转及缺血坏死、切口感染、髂腹沟及髂腹下神经损伤、腹股沟区疼痛麻木等并发症发生,疗效满意。     

The role of smooth muscle cell differentiation in the mechanism of obliteration of processus vaginalis

Background/Purpose

Development of indirect inguinal hernia and hydrocele in childhood is readily explained by the persistence of smooth muscle component around the processus vaginalis (PV) after the descent of the testis into the scrotum. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM MHC) isoforms as the markers of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in childhood inguinal hernia and hydrocele and in age-matched controls.

Methods

The authors analyzed sacs from patients with inguinal hernia (male, 10; female, 10) and hydrocele (n = 10) immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin, SM1, SM2 and SMemb. Peritoneal samples (male, 5; female, 5) obtained from age-matched patients served as controls. Immunostaining was evaluated with semiquantitative scoring and χ² test.

Results

The expression pattern of SM MHC isoforms did not differ among sacs obtained from female inguinal hernia when compared with that of controls. However, strong expression of SMemb within the sac walls of male inguinal hernia and SM1 in hydrocele groups were observed.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that SMC differentiation may play an important role in the obliteration of processus vaginalis in male inguinal hernia and hydrocele after the descent of the testis.     

腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术中缝合法与疝针法的效果分析

目的:对比分析腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术中采用缝合法与疝针法的临床疗效。方法:选取2008年1月至2013年9月收治的90例腹股沟斜疝患儿作为研究对象,患儿均行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,随机分为两组,术中分别采用缝合法(缝合组)与疝针法(疝针组)结扎疝囊,每组45例。对比分析两组患儿的临床疗效及并发症情况。结果:两组临床疗效及术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访半年,缝合组中复发1例,发生阴囊气肿2例、鞘膜积液2例、皮下血肿2例,共发生并发症7例;疝针组发生鞘膜积液、阴囊气肿各1例,无复发、皮下血肿发生,共发生并发症2例;两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术中采用缝合法与疝针法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝均是安全、有效的,具有手术时间短、术后康复快、住院时间短、并发症少等优点,疝针法操作更为简便,且容易掌握;术者可根据自身技术水平选择适当的术式。     

经脐双通道腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的体会

目的:探讨经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的应用价值。方法:采用经脐单孔双通道行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝36例。结果:36例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均10～15 min,术后平均住院2 d。术后随访1～6个月,均无并发症发生及复发病例。结论:经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝安全可行,创伤更小,真正做到腹壁无瘢痕,疝囊结扎更确切,避免了皮下线结异物感,值得推广应用。     

Simultaneous indirect inguinal hernia finding in an infant with abdominoscrotal hydrocele: A case report

IntroductionAbdominoscrotal hydrocele is a rare condition of vaginal hydrocele. Ipsilateral cryptorchidism is frequently reported as an associated congenital anomaly, however, ipsilateral indirect inguinal hernia has never been reported as an accompanying anomaly.Case presentationWe reported a case of 6-month-old boy with a huge cystic mass at left scrotum extending upward to lower abdomen passing through inguinal canal. There was an unusual presentation in that this bulging mass could be entirely reduced into abdomen, mimicking patients who presented with reducible inguinal hernia. Intraoperatively, the patient was found that not only abdominoscrotal hydrocele and undescended testes were presented, but also hernia sac was simultaneously encountered. He was successfully treated and recovered uneventfully.DiscussionAccording to the natural history of abdominoscrotal hydrocele resembling that of non-communicating hydrocele, it could be treated conservatively without surgery. However, several conditions caused by pressure effect will not be relieved and testicular dysmorphism will also not be corrected. In addition, as presented in this report, should there also be an inguinal hernia, the hernia sac should be left in place without any surgical correction. As a result, we recommend that all patients with abdominoscrotal hydrocele should be surgically treated if there is no contraindication.ConclusionThe presence of hernia sac might produce a unique presentation. Since we do not know whether the patients who have abdominoscrotal hydrocele will be accompanied by indirect inguinal hernia, the patients should be treated with surgery unless they were in condition in which surgery cannot be performed.     

Cryptorchidism, open processus vaginalis, and associated hernia: laparoscopic approach to the internal inguinal ring

OBJECTIVES: A nonpalpable testis was the first indication for laparoscopy in urology. This primarily diagnostic procedure has evolved to complete laparoscopic orchidopexy. An associated inguinal hernia due to an open processus vaginalis is reported in 26% of cryptorchidism cases. Simultaneous laparoscopic orchidopexy and herniorrhaphy are therefore the next logical step. METHODS: Between 1992 and 1998, 61 children underwent laparoscopy for pathology of the internal inguinal ring. In 48 boys the operation was performed for a nonpalpable testis and in 13 boys laparoscopic transection of the processus vaginalis was performed because of clinical hydrocele. RESULTS: In 25 of the 48 cases an intra-abdominal location was found with 18 existing and 7 vanishing testicles. Laparoscopic orchidopexy was performed either as a two-stage Fowler-Stephens technique (n = 6) or as a direct one-stage repair (n = 12). In 6 boys with cryptorchidism a direct inguinal hernia was associated, which received simultaneous laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. In 23 cases of cryptorchidism with an inguinal location of the testis, 3 vanishing testicles were found. In 20 cases with normal testicular vessels, an inguinal exploration followed. In 4 of the hydrocele cases additional herniorrhaphy had to be performed. In all cases the operation could be performed as planned without complications. After orchidopexy all testicles were in the normal position and well perfused as revealed by flow Doppler sonography. All hydroceles disappeared within several days. There was no inguinal hernia recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic dissection of the internal inguinal ring allows perfect delineation of the anatomic structures and their relationship. Transection of the processus vaginalis can be performed without disturbance of the inguinal canal. Hernias can be closed with essentially the same technique as used in open surgery. Morbidity was minimal in all patients.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis concerning single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia and hydrocele

Surgical Endoscopy - Single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SLPEC) of hernia sac/processus vaginalis has been widely performed for repair of inguinal hernia/hydrocele in...