两种胶体预充液用于心肺转流的临床研究

目的研究羟乙基淀粉和琥珀酰明胶用于心肺转流(CPB)预充时对患者凝血功能及胶体渗透压的影响。方法 60例先天性非紫绀心脏病患者,随机均分为两组:羟乙基淀粉组以6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4预充,琥珀酰明胶组以4%琥珀酰明胶预充。手术室及ICU根据分组情况亦分别输注羟乙基淀粉和琥珀酰明胶。于CPB前、给鱼精蛋白后、ICU6h测定激活凝血时间(ACT)、凝血速率(CR)及血小板功能(PF);于CPB前、CPB中、CPB后、ICU2h和6h测定胶体渗透压。结果给鱼精蛋白后和ICU6h,羟乙基淀粉组PF明显高于琥珀酰明胶组(P<0.05),其余指标差异无统计学意义。结论 6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4与4%琥珀酰明胶作为胶体预充液在心肺转流中使用安全性相似。     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术后应用羟乙基淀粉的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌术后应用羟乙基淀粉（130/0.4,6%）对于患者术后恢复的影响。方法 选自中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院胃肠外科2011年1月至2011年7月腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术共45例,随机分为羟乙基淀粉组（23例）和血清白蛋白组（22例）。术后3天分别连续使用羟乙基淀粉（130/0.4,6%） 500ml/d和人血白蛋白10g/d。比较两组术前及术后1d、3d、5d患者心率（P）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、凝血功能（PT、APTT）、红细胞压积（HCT）、肌酐（Cr）、血清白蛋白以及术后排气时间和术后住院天数。结果 两组患者术前临床资料、肿瘤分期、病理分型具有可比性（P>0.05）。与术前和血清白蛋白组相比,羟乙基淀粉组CVP在术后1d、3d显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;羟乙基淀粉组HCT在术后1d、3d、5d与术前及血清白蛋白组比较降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而两组在凝血功能（APTT、PT）、MAP、HR、Cr、白蛋白水平、术后住院时间、及排气时间方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者围术期应用羟乙基淀粉（130/0.4,6%）可以维持血流动力学稳定、提高血浆胶体渗透压、早期应用可以有效节约白蛋白的使用。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行急性高容量血液稀释在食管肿瘤围术期的应用

目的 观察羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)时血流动力学及凝血功能的变化.方法 选择食管肿瘤手术患者60例.ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,心功能Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40～65岁,体重55～70 kg,术前肝、肾及凝血功能无异常.随机均分为两组:观察组切皮前按15 ml/kg、50 ml/min的速度输入羟乙基淀粉130/0.4;对照组按10 ml·kg-1·h-1速度输入复方乳酸钠.分别观察稀释前、稀释后和术后两组患者血细胞比容(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)及凝血功能(PT、APTT);两组术中均连续监测MAP、cVP、HR、SpO2和尿量;记录术中出血量、术中及术后24 h内的输血量.结果 观察组患者的PT、APTT在稀释后、术后与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,对照组需输血者18例(平均输血量为312.5 ml),显著高于观察组的2例(平均输血量为200.0 m1)(P＜0.01).结论 肿瘤患者用羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行AHH足安全可行的,可减少异体血输入.且凝血功能无改变.     

不同预充液对O型与非O型血剖宫产产妇血栓弹力图的影响

目的 研究晶体或胶体预充液对O型与非O型血剖宫产产妇血栓弹力图(TEG)的影响.方法 择期单胎足月剖宫产产妇60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,根据血型和预充液随机分为四组:O型血复方氯化钠组(A1组,n=15),非O型血氯化钠组(A2组,n=14),O型血6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组(B1组,n=15),非O型血6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组(B2组,n=16).分别在麻醉前和预扩容完成时抽血测定TEG和血常规.结果 预扩容完成时A1、B1组Hb、Plt、最大振幅(MA)明显降低(P<0.05),B1组反应时间(R),凝固时间(K)明显延长,α角减小,达MA 30 min后血凝块溶解率(CL30)、凝血指数(CI)降低(P<0.05),B2组MA、α减小,CI降低(P<0.05).6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和O型血存在交互作用(P<0.05).结论 6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和O型血对剖宫产产妇TEG指标存在相加作用,但是凝血功能无明显改变.     

不同液体容量复苏对失血性休克犬血管外肺水的影响

目的 评价不同液体容量复苏对失血性休克犬血管外肺水的影响。方法 杂种犬32只,雌雄不拘,随机分为4组：NS组、HES组、HS组和HHS组,每组8只,股动脉放血建立失血性休克模型后,各组分别静脉输注容积相当于3倍失血量的生理盐水、失血量等容积的6%羟乙基淀粉130/0．4溶液、7．5%氯化钠溶液6 ml/kg及7．5%氯化钠-6%羟乙基淀粉130/0．4溶液6 ml/kg行容量复苏。经右颈内静脉持续监测中心静脉压、右股动脉置入PiCCO导管监测平均动脉压、心脏指数、每搏输出量、体循环阻力指数、血管外肺水指数及全心舒张末期容量指数,记录放血之前（基础值）、失血性休克模型成功即刻、容量复苏开始后5、30、60、120及180min的上述指标。结果 （1）各组在失血性休克的早期复苏中均可改善血液动力学,HES组、HHS组、HS组和NS组血液动力学改善持续时间依次缩短;（2）复苏早期HS组与HHS组血管外肺水无增加,NS组明显增加,而HES组下降。结论 （1） 7．5%氯化钠溶液与7．5%氯化钠-6%羟乙基淀粉130/0．4溶液小容量液体复苏可有效恢复犬失血性休克早期血液动力学的稳定,且不增加休克后血管外肺水,7．5%氯化钠-6%羟乙基淀粉130/0．4溶液效果较好;（2）6%羟乙基淀粉130/0．4溶液用于犬失血性休克早期复苏不仅可以改善血液动力学,而且能防止复苏后肺水肿。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者的安全性

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6%HES 130/0.4)用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者的安全性.方法 拟在体外循环下行心脏外科手术患者60例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=30):HES组和4%琥珀酰明胶组(GEL组).术中HES组和GEL组分别静脉输注6%.HES 130/0.4和4%琥珀酰明胶7～12 ml·kg-1·h-1维持中心静脉压6～12 mm Hg和/或肺动脉楔压8～15 mm Hg体外循环预充液包括胶体液500～1000ml ICU 中 HES组和GEL组分别静脉输注6%HES 130/0.4和4%琥珀酰明胶60～120 ml/h.维持中心静脉压 6～12 mm Hg和/或肺功脉楔压8～15mm Hg 记求围术期血液动力学指标、红细胞压积,凝血功能指杯.肝、肾功能指标.液体出入量及不良反应的发生情况结果呐种胶体围术期平均用量都接近50 ml·kg-1·d-12组血液动力学,红细胞压枳、凝血功能指标、肝,肾功能指标.淑体出入量和小良反应发生率异无统汁学意义(P>0.05)结论围术期超大剂量6%HES 130/0.4(50ml·kg-1·d-1)可安全地用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者.     

小容量不同液体治疗对内毒素血症大鼠肾血流的影响

目的 评价小容量不同液体治疗对内毒素血症大鼠肾血流的影响.方法 清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,体重180～250 g,随机分为5组(n=6):对照组(C组)、内毒素血症组(LPS组)、7.5%高渗氯化钠溶液组(HS组)、羟乙基淀粉130/0.4溶液组(HES组)和高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液组(HSH组).LPS组、HS组、HES组和HSH组经左侧颈总动脉导管注射LPS 1 mg/kg,C组注射等容量生理盐水.30 min后,C组和LPS组注射生理盐水4 ml/kg;HS组、HES组和HSH组分别注射7.5%高渗氯化钠溶液、羟乙基淀粉130/0.4溶液或高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液4 ml/kg.于给予LPS前、给予LPS后30 min、液体治疗后10、30、60 min时进行左肾脏超声多普勒检测,记录左肾动脉的收缩峰值血流速度(Vmax)、舒张末期血流速度(Vmax)和阻力指数(RI).取肾组织,观察病理学结果.结果 内毒素血症大鼠肾血流逐渐减弱,分布面积减小,肾皮质血流几乎消失,肾小管上皮细胞严重变性、崩解脱落、集合管内可见细胞碎片充塞,左肾段动脉Vmax和Vmin降低,RI升高(P＜0.01).与LPS组比较,HS组、HES组和HSH肾血流增强,Vmax和Vmin升高,RI降低,其中HSH组效果更佳(P＜0.01).结论 小容量羟乙基淀粉130/0.4溶液、高渗盐水和高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液治疗可增强内毒素血症大鼠肾血流,改善肾脏微循环;高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液效果更佳.     

6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4在小儿腹部手术中容量治疗的临床应用

目的 探讨6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4在小儿腹部手术中容量治疗的应用效果。方法60例拟行腹部手术的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组术中容量治疗使用6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4及晶体液;对照组未使用6％HES130／0．4,所使用的晶体液与观察组相同,可选用胶体液为浓缩红细胞。观察两组患儿手术前后心率、血压．总输液量及晶体液、胶体液、浓缩红细胞输入量等。记录观察组因输注6％羟乙基淀粉可能出现的不良反应,如：过敏（包括低血压、皮疹等）。结果两组输液总量无显著性差异。观察组与对照组相比：胶体液用量、晶体液用量、浓缩红细胞用量均有显著性差异,（P〈0．05）。观察组未发现因输注6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4而出现的不良反应。结论6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4可安全、有效的用于小儿腹部大手术中的容量治疗。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4体外不同程度血液稀释对凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨羟乙基淀粉130/0.4体外不同程度血液稀释对凝血功能的影响.方法 采集20名健康志愿者空腹静脉血样,采用6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液作为稀释液,按容量稀释比例(全血∶稀释液)分为6组:10∶0组(未稀释组)、9∶1组(10%组)、8∶2组(20%组)、7∶3组(30%组)、6∶4组(40%组)、5∶5组(50%组).每名志愿者采血23 ml(前3 ml血弃用),其中15 ml用于测定红细胞压积(Hct)、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(AFIT)和纤维蛋白原(Fjb);剩余的5 ml抗凝后,采用血栓弹力描记仪检测血栓弹力描记图(TEG)指标:反应时间(R)、凝血时间(K)、α角和最大振幅(MA).结果 Hct、PLT和Fib随稀释程度的增加而下降(P＜0.05);与未稀释组比较,30%组、40%组和50%组PT和APTT延长,且随稀释程度的增加而延长(P＜0.01).与未稀释组和10%组比较,20%组、30%组和40%组R和K缩短,α角增大,50%组R延长,MA减小(P＜00.05);与20%组、30%组和40%组比较,50%组R和K延长,α角和MA减小(P＜0.05).结论 羟乙基淀粉130/0.4体外不同程度血液稀释对凝血功能的影响不同:10%稀释时,对凝血功能无影响;20%～40%稀释时,活化凝血初始阶段,凝血块形成时间缩短,速率增快;50%稀释时,抑制凝血因子活性,凝血块强度降低.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5急性高容量血液稀释对全麻患者凝血功能的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6% HES130/0.4)和6%羟乙基淀粉20010.5(6% HES200/0.5)急性高容量血液稀释(AHHD)对全麻患者凝血功能的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、6%HES200/0.5组(H组)及6%HES130/0.4组(V组).H组和V组于麻醉诱导前90 min分别静脉输注6% HES200/0.5或6% HES130/0.4,速率20 ml·kg-1·h-1,扩容量20ml/kg;C组仅静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液6～8 ml·kg-1·h-1.于AHHD前、AHHD后即刻及AHHD后1 h采血,进行下述指标的测定:血小板计数、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板最大聚集率和Sonoclot玻璃珠激活全血凝固时间(gbACT)、凝结速率(CR)、血小板功能(PF)和曲线达峰时间.H组和V组同时还测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)、von Willebrand因子(vWF)水平.结果 与AHHD前比较,H组和V组AHHD后PT和APTY均延长,FⅧ:C下降(P＜0.05),但2组AHHD后1 h FⅧ:C高于AHHD后即刻(P＞0.05);H组和V组AHHD后血小板最大聚集率降低,但AHHD后1 h高于AHHD后即刻(P＜0.05).与H组比较,V组AHHD后CR降低(P＜0.05),其他凝血功能指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 6%HES130/0.4和6% HES200/0.5(20 ml/kg)AHHD对全麻患者凝血功能的抑制作用较轻;两者对凝血功能的影响无明显差异.     

新一代羟乙基淀粉与人血白蛋白在活体肝移植中安全性的比较

背景血容量替代治疗是肝移植围手术期管理的重要部分。目前尚缺乏羟乙基淀粉（HES）应用于肝移植患者的相关安全性数据。我们评估了新一代羟乙基淀粉130／0．4应用于肝移植围手术期管理的安全性,并着重分析了其对肾功能的影响。方法行活体肝移植的40例患者被预先随机分成两组。ALB组患者（n=20）给予5％人血自蛋白,HES组（n=20）给予第三代羟乙基淀粉（6％HES130／0．4）。胶体总量被限制在50ml·kg^-1·d^-1,容量输注使肺小动脉楔压或中心静脉压维持在5—7mmHg。如需要额外的液体,则用平衡盐溶液替代。麻醉和手术操作过程均被标准化。分别测定麻醉诱导后、手术结束时、手术后前4天的动脉血肌酐和血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（cystatin C）血浆水平。结果所有40例登记患者完成了研究。两组患者的人口统计学及手术中变量均具有可比性。手术后胶体液输入量分别是HES组6229±1140ml和ALB组4636±1153ml（P=0．003）。与ALB组（1100±900m1）相比,HES组（3047±2000ml）有更大的净累积液体平衡量（P=0．029）。两组血肌酐水平、肌酐清除率、cystafin C血浆水平差异无显著性。每组各有一例患者合并急性肾功能衰竭需行肾脏替代治疗。结论HES130／0．4做为人血白蛋白的替代品对肝移植术后肾功能的影响与后者相似。     

Influence of a new hydroxyethylstarch preparation (HES 130/0.4) on coagulation in cardiac surgical patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare volume therapy with HES 130/0.4, a new hydroxyethylstarch (HES) solution with a gelatin-based fluid replacement strategy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, safety study. SETTING: Urban, university-affiliated hospital (single institution). PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were prospectively randomized into 2 groups: In group 1 (n = 21), gelatin was given perioperatively for volume support until the 1st postoperative day to keep the central venous pressure (CVP) between 10 and 14 mmHg; in group 2 (n = 21) HES 130/0.4 was administered using the same protocol as in group 1. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Standard coagulation variables and modified thromboelastography (TEG) were used. Using different activators for extrinsic and intrinsic activation and heparin inactivation by heparinase, the onset of coagulation (coagulation time), kinetics of clot formation (clot formation time), and maximum clot firmness were measured. Measurements were performed after induction of anesthesia (T0), at the end of surgery (T1), 4 hours after surgery (T2), and on the morning of the 1st postoperative day (T3). A total of 3310 +/- 810 mL of gelatin and 3070 +/- 570 mL of HES 130/0.4 were used in the 2 groups during the study period. The 2 groups did not differ with regard to postoperative bleeding or in use of packed red blood cells or fresh frozen plasma. Standard coagulation variables were similar between the 2 groups. All TEG variables were within the normal range at baseline. Coagulation time and clot formation time data were significantly elevated after surgery and in the intensive care unit, without showing specific differences between the 2 volume replacement groups. Intrinsic TEG and heparinase TEG clot formation times remained significantly higher until the end of the study period. No differences were seen between HES-treated and gelatin-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Volume replacement with the new HES preparation was as safe as gelatin-based volume replacement with regard to coagulation in cardiac surgical patients. HES 130/0.4 is an alternative plasma substitute to treat volume deficits.     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能的影响.方法 择期行胃肠肿瘤切除术老年患者30例,年龄65～85岁,体重45～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为HES组和生理盐水组(NS组),每组15例.麻醉诱导气管插管后吸入异氟醚(呼气末浓度0.5%～1.5%)维持麻醉,两组分别于气管插管后以10～15 ml·kg-1·h-1的速率经颈内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液、生理盐水25 ml/kg.分别于输注前、输注完毕30 min、4 h时肘静脉抽血样,测定血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、血小板计数(Plt),凝血酶原时间(PT)、激活部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆Ⅷ因子和假性血友病因子(vWF),Sunoclot血小板功能分析仪测定玻璃珠激活全血凝固时间(gbACT)、凝血速率及血小板功能.结果 两组输注完30 min、4 h时Hb与Plt较输注前明显降低(P<0.01);两组输注前后PT、AFIT、FIB、血浆Ⅷ因子和vWF差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组输注前后gbACT、凝血速率及血小板功能差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术中输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 25 ml/kg对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能无明显影响.     

The influence of intravascular volume therapy with a new hydroxyethyl starch preparation (6% HES 130/0.4) on coagulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

A new hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparation with a mean molecular weight of 130,000 daltons and a degree of substitution of 0.4 shows favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We conducted a study of the influence of the new HES specification on coagulation and compared it with another colloidal intravascular volume replacement regimen using gelatin. According to a prospective, random sequence, 42 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery received either HES 130/0.4 (n = 21) or gelatin (n = 21) until the first postoperative day (POD) to keep central venous pressure between 10 and 14 mm Hg. From arterial blood samples, standard coagulation variables were measured, and modified thrombelastogram (TEG) measurements using different activators were performed. A total of 2830 +/- 350 mL of gelatin and 2430 +/- 310 mL of HES 130/0.4 were administered until the morning of the first POD. The use of allogeneic blood/blood products and standard coagulation variables did not differ significantly between the two groups. After induction of anesthesia, all TEG data for both groups were within normal range. Coagulation time and maximum clot firmness did not change significantly in any TEG measurements during the study period. The kinetics of clot formation (clot formation time) significantly increased immediately after surgery, but without showing significant group differences. On the morning of the first POD, the clot formation time returned to almost normal levels, except for aprotinin-activated TEG(R). We conclude that administration of moderate doses of the new HES 130/0.4 preparation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery results in similar coagulation alterations as those after using an established gelatin-based volume-replacement regimen. IMPLICATIONS: We compared the effects of infusion of a new hydroxyethyl starch preparation (6% hydroxyethyl starch; mean molecular weight 130,000 daltons; degree of substitution 0.4) on coagulation with a gelatin-based intravascular volume replacement regimen in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. After moderate doses of hydroxyethyl starch (2430 +/- 310 mL until the morning of the first postoperative day), coagulation monitoring, including modified thrombelastography, did not show impaired hemostasis.     

Effects of intravascular volume therapy using hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) on post-operative bleeding and transfusion requirements in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) used for intravascular volume expansion may cause coagulation abnormalities, especially in cardiac patients. Although low molecular weight HES (130/0.4) has been developed to minimize its influence on coagulation, experience with HES (130/0.4) in children is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a HES (130/0.4) infusion on post-operative blood loss in children undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Forty-two children undergoing cardiac surgery were assigned at random to receive either 10 ml/kg fresh frozen plasma (FFP group; n=21) or HES (130/0.4) (HES group; n=21) shortly after cardiopulmonary bypass termination. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalization ratio (INR) were measured. In addition, post-operative transfusion requirements and blood loss until the end of the first post-operative day were compared. RESULTS: INR was significantly prolonged after HES infusion in comparison to the FFP group (P<0.05). During the first 24 h after surgery, post-operative blood loss, the use of allogenic blood/blood products and aPTT were similar in all children. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the administration of a moderate dose of HES (130/0.4) in children undergoing cardiac surgery does not cause more bleeding or a higher transfusion requirement than a FFP infusion, and suggests that the administration of 10 ml/kg HES (130/0.4) is a safe alternative to plasma for intravascular volume replacement in this patient population.     

Large-dose Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 Does Not Increase Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirements in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Compared with Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0.5 at Recommended Doses

Background: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg.

Methods: One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery.

Results: The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P < 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome.     

Large-dose hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. METHODS: One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P < 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. CONCLUSION: Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.