腹腔镜下小儿鞘膜积液鞘突管高位结扎术

目的 总结腹腔镜下治疗小儿鞘膜积腋的方法和经验以及其优缺点。方法 氯胺酮麻醉，在微型腹腔镜下运用自制带线针及针钩，对67例小儿鞘膜积液患儿进行鞘突管高位结扎术，结果 手术顺利，平均手术时间12分钟，发现隐性疝4例，无并发症，追踪观察31例，暂无复发。结论 腹腔镜下治疗小儿鞘膜积液，安全可靠、创伤小、疗效好、恢复快。     

单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液疗效观察

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液的可行性。方法:回顾性分析腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床资料,探讨小儿鞘膜积液手术方法的安全性和有效性。结果:单孔腹腔镜鞘状突管高位结扎,手术过程顺利,无一例中转为开放手术,术中均发现未闭合鞘状突。手术瘢痕小且隐蔽,复发率低。结论:单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿交通性鞘膜积液手术安全可行。     

腹腔镜鞘突管高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的 :探讨腹腔镜鞘突管高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的可行性。方法 :回顾分析行腹腔镜鞘突管高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床资料。探讨小儿鞘膜积液的成因、临床表现、手术方式及治疗原则。结果 :腹腔镜鞘突管高位结扎手术时间平均为 15min ,双侧手术增加 5min ,无术后并发症 ,住院天数 2～4d ,近期随访无术后复发 ,切口疤痕小且隐蔽。结论 :腹腔镜鞘突管高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液安全可行     

腹腔镜治疗小儿疝及交通性鞘膜积液的临床体会

腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液是小儿外科的常见病、多发病。传统疝囊高位结扎及鞘膜翻转术是公认的行之有效、可靠的手术方法。近年,用腹腔镜手术治疗小儿疝及鞘膜积液已成为趋势,我院自2009年行腹腔镜小儿疝及鞘膜积液手术25例,疗效满意,现报道如下。     

腹腔镜联合经阴囊小切口治疗特殊小儿鞘膜积液

目的总结腹腔镜联合经阴囊小切口鞘膜切除术治疗特殊小儿鞘膜积液的经验。方法 2016年1月～2019年1月共收治22例特殊小儿鞘膜积液,包括复发鞘膜积液12例(其中2例年龄12岁),多房性鞘膜积液5例,年龄12岁7例。年龄2～14岁,平均5.4岁。经脐双切口腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎,经阴囊2 cm切口行鞘膜切除。结果 22例手术均顺利完成,手术时间28～41 min,平均33 min。均术后第3天出院。随访6～36个月,平均24.9月,均无鞘膜积液复发、睾丸回缩、睾丸萎缩等并发症。结论腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎联合经阴囊小切口鞘膜切除术治疗特殊小儿鞘膜积液疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术与开放手术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床对照研究

目的:比较腹腔镜手术与传统手术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床疗效,为临床小儿鞘膜积液的治疗提供理论依据。方法:回顾分析102例鞘膜积液患儿的临床资料,其中60例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组),42例行开放手术(传统组),对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后自主活动时间、住院费用及并发症情况。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量、术后自主活动时间及有关并发症发生率优于传统组(P<0.01),住院费用较传统手术组高(P<0.01)。两组单侧手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但双侧手术时间腹腔镜组更短(P<0.01)。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗小儿鞘膜积液较传统开放手术更加安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

经脐微型腹腔镜内环高位结扎术联合包皮环套术的临床应用

目的:探讨经脐微型腹腔镜下内环高位结扎术联合包皮环套术治疗小儿腹股沟疝、精索鞘膜积液及包茎的可行性及优点。方法:对470例腹股沟疝、精索鞘膜积液、包茎患儿先施行经脐微型腹腔镜下内环高位结扎术,随后行包皮环套术。结果:患儿均顺利完成腹腔镜下内环高位结扎术及包皮环套术。术后恢复顺利,随访1~10年,腹股沟疝、精索鞘膜积液无复发。结论:经脐微型腹腔镜下内环高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟疝、精索鞘膜积液较传统手术方法具有创伤小、美观、手术操作简便、手术时间短、并发症少、术后康复快等优点。同时联合包皮环套术后容易清洗、护理,避免了二次手术与麻醉,减少了治疗费用,减轻了患儿的痛苦,是安全、可行的。     

单孔腹腔镜处理小儿鞘状突未闭的经验介绍

目的探讨用大圆针行经脐部单孔法腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液的临床价值。方法广州市番禺区钟村医院自2010年1月至2015年6月收治的32例腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液患儿进行手术治疗,患儿均在单孔腹腔镜监视下,使用大圆针完成高位缝合未闭的鞘状突,并对手术时间、手术出血量、手术并发症、复发率进行分析。结果 32例手术均在腹腔镜下顺利完成,手术时间为6.5~22.5 min,平均13.2min,术平均中出血量均小于5 mL。25例获得随访6~36月,平均21.6月,并未发现有并发症及复发病例。结论使用大圆针行单孔法腹腔镜高位缝合鞘状突治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液操作简便、创伤小、安全有效、术后恢复快、不留瘢痕,非常适合在基层医院开展。     

微型腹腔镜套线法治疗小儿斜疝及鞘膜积液(附747例报告)

目的：探讨微型腹腔镜套线法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液的临床效果。方法：2001年8月至2007年3月用微型腹腔镜下操作钳配合自制带线雪橇针作腹膜外潜行缝合高位结扎疝囊治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液747例,共898侧。结果：手术切口创伤小,疝囊高位结扎确切,操作简单,手术时间短,并发症少,复发率低（0.9%）,康复快,术后不留疤痕。结论：此手术安全,疗效确切,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

经脐单通道与两孔腹腔镜治疗小儿鞘膜积液的比较

目的 比较经脐单通道与两孔腹腔镜下腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年3月,连云港市第一人民医院收治的400例临床表现为单侧的鞘膜积液病例。根据手术方法分为两组,A组(200例):采用经脐单通道腹腔镜下硬膜外穿刺针引导prolene线完全腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液。B组(200例):采用两孔腹腔镜法。结果 两组共400例患儿均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术,术中探查发现内环口开放情况:A组:单侧37例,双侧163例,B组:单侧21例,双侧179例。A组在平均手术时间[单侧(14.62±3.20)vs(19.29±2.12)min,双侧(23.82±5.24)vs(29.93±5.22)min],术后平均住院天数[(2.98±0.38)vs(3.26±0.54)d]方面均短于B组,差异有统计学意义。术后B组发生切口疝2例,两组均无阴囊水肿、血肿及切口感染发生。术后随访3个月至1年,两组在术后近、远期并发症方面差异均无统计学意义。结论 经脐单通道腹腔镜下采用硬膜外穿刺针完全腹膜外结扎鞘状突治疗小儿鞘膜积液的方法简便,安全有效,创伤小,是治疗小儿鞘膜积液的理想术式之一。     

单孔腹腔镜注水疝钩针治疗小儿鞘膜积液85例报告

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜注水疝钩针治疗小儿鞘膜积液的可行性和疗效。方法2017年5月~2018年12月我科对85例小儿鞘膜积液采用经脐单孔腹腔镜手术。经脐部置入腹腔镜,疝钩针带4号丝线经患侧内环口体表处穿刺进入腹膜外间隙潜行,借助水分离技术使输精管和精索血管与后腹膜间隙分离,环绕内环口1周完成鞘状突高位结扎。结果85例单孔腹腔镜手术均顺利完成,未增加辅助操作孔,无中转开放手术。手术时间单侧13~20 min,平均16 min;双侧23~36 min,平均29 min。85例随访4~9个月,平均6个月,1例患儿术后3周腹股沟穿刺点发生迟发性线结反应,经保守治疗后痊愈;无切口感染、阴囊血肿、睾丸萎缩、医源性隐睾等并发症,无复发。结论单孔腹腔镜注水疝钩针治疗小儿鞘膜积液安全、可行,术后体表无明显瘢痕,操作简便,疗效满意,值得在临床上推广应用。     

腹腔镜细注射针头套线法治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下应用细注射针头套线法行内环口高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床价值。方法对180例小儿鞘膜积液行手术治疗,在脐部正中、脐水平腹直肌旁置入5、3mm trocar各一个,在腹腔镜直视下应用10号细注射针头套线经皮穿刺到腹膜与腹横肌间隙,完全于腹膜外高位环绕结扎内环口。随访1~10月,平均6月,观察手术时间、术后疼痛、临床疗效、复发率、并发症等发生情况。结果手术时间单侧7~10min,平均8.0min;双侧12~15min,平均13.0min。患儿术后无明显疼痛,无阴囊水肿或血肿,无腹腔内出血等并发症。术后1d出院。随访1~10月,180例鞘膜积液全部治愈,无复发。腹壁、脐部切口未见明显疤痕。结论腹腔镜下细注射针头套线法治疗小儿鞘膜积液,具有手术时间短、创伤小、并发症少、外形美观、治愈率高的特点,是治疗小儿鞘膜积液的良好方法,值得推广应用。     

Adolescent varicocele: Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy versus Palomo repair

PURPOSE: There is general agreement on treatment for varicocele in pediatric patients. Randomized prospective studies have shown that anatomical and functional lesions may be corrected. Due to the impossibility of seminal examination patients with moderate to large varicocele or ipsilateral testicular hypertrophy, characterized by a change in testicular consistency or symptoms, should undergo surgical correction. The best therapeutic approach is still under discussion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 2 centers 2 therapeutic approaches to varicocele treatment in pediatric patients were compared, namely the Palomo repair and antegrade sclerotherapy according to Tauber. The 89 patients from the same geographical area elected 1 procedure after an explanation. From the medical records we retrospectively evaluated operative time, postoperative analgesics, postoperative fever onset, complications, convalescence, recurrence and postoperative hydrocele. RESULTS: After Palomo repair in 45 patients there were 2 recurrences (4.4%) and 2 postoperative hydroceles (4.4%). Of 44 antegrade sclerotherapy cases 1 was converted to Palomo repair, there was no hydrocele formation and recurrence developed in 2 (4.5%). Testicular atrophy was not observed in any patient regardless of the method used. The cost of the procedure was lower in the sclerotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the failure rate was similar in both groups. The principal advantages of sclerotherapy are simplicity, decreased cost and lack of hydrocele formation.     

Modified single-port minilaparoscopic extraperitoneal repair for pediatric hydrocele: a single-center experience with 279 surgeries

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to introduce our experience of a modified single-port minilaparoscopic technique for the treatment of pediatric hydrocele.

Methods

Between June 2008 and May 2012, 279 boys (115 communicating hydrocele and 164 “non-communicating” hydrocele, diagnosis based on preoperative physical examination and scrotal ultrasound) underwent the modified single-port minilaparoscopic repair in our institution. During surgery, a 3-mm laparoscope was inserted into the abdomen through a mini-umbilical incision. The hydrocele sac orifice was closed by an extraperitoneal purse-string suture placed around the internal ring with an ordinary taper needle and an endoclose needle.

Results

Of all the 279 patients, 16 (5.7 %) were found to have a potential patent processus vaginalis (PPV) on the contralateral side. Of the 164 boys diagnosed with “non-communicating” hydrocele preoperatively, 5 (3.0 %) had no PPV identified in laparoscope and the other 159 (97.0 %) had PPV actually. A total of 274 single-port minilaparoscopic procedures were performed, and all cases were successful without serious complications. The mean operative time was 19.5 and 24.8 min for unilateral and bilateral operations, respectively. Postoperative complications were noted in 4 cases, 2 (0.7 %) patients with scrotal edema, 1 (0.4 %) patient experienced an umbilical hernia, and 1 (0.4 %) patient with suture site abscess. During a median follow-up period of 9 months (range 6–24 months), postoperative hydrocele recurrence was seen in 2 patients (0.7 %).

Conclusions

This modified single-port minilaparoscopic technique is a safe, effective, and reliable procedure for pediatric hydroceles.     

Intraoperative diagnostic pneumoperitoneum in pediatric patients with unilateral inguinal hernias: the Goldstein test

Over a four-year period 256 infants and children presenting with unilateral inguinal hernias underwent intraoperative diagnostic pneumoperitoneum to evaluate the contralateral groin. Sixty one patients had positive results and underwent contralateral hernia repair. Of the 195 negative tests 3 presented later with either a hernia, communicating hydrocele or cord hydrocele (false negative rate of 1.5%). This test represents a safe, economical, rapid, and accurate means to evaluate the contralateral groin in the pediatric patient presenting with a unilateral inguinal hernia.     

Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children

PURPOSE: Hydrocele seems to be the most frequent complication in children who undergo surgery for varicocele and the issue of the optimal management of hydrocele remains controversial. In this retrospective study we evaluated the incidence and management of hydrocele following surgical treatment of varicocele in children treated at 8 European centers of pediatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 5-year period 278 children between 7 and 17 years old underwent surgical treatment for unilateral left varicocele, including 187 using video surgery and 91 via an open inguinal approach. RESULTS: At an average followup of 24 months (range 12 to 60) 34 children (12.2%) had a left hydrocele. Of the 278 children 14 (5%) were lost to followup. The hydrocele appeared between 1 week and 44 months (median 2 months) after surgery. Concerning hydrocele management 16 of 34 children (47%) were treated with scrotal puncture while under local anesthesia, which led to hydrocele regression after a median of 3 punctures (range 1 to 5), 12 (35.3%) underwent clinical observation since the hydrocele reduced spontaneously within a median of 12 months after its appearance and 6 (17.7%) were treated with open surgery. In 4 cases the hydrocele disappeared and in 2 it recurred after surgery and was successfully treated with punctures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the median incidence of hydrocele after varicocele surgery is about 12% but it seems higher after artery nonsparing vs sparing procedures (17.6% vs 4.3%). On the contrary, no difference was found when the procedure was performed using video surgery or with the open approach. Hydroceles generally develop a few months later but may also appear several years after the surgical repair of varicocele. Noninvasive procedures (scrotal punctures or clinical observation) seem to induce total hydrocele regression in more than 82% of cases. Children who undergo surgery for varicocele should undergo long-term followup to detect a possible hydrocele. In fact, the 5.4% of children lost to followup in our study may potentially have had a hydrocele. Surgery is not always successful for this condition, as shown in the 2 cases of recurrent hydrocele after surgical repair.     

Is the laparoscopic Palomo procedure for pediatric varicocele safe and effective?

Background Varicocele is a rare disorder in children that can lead to testicular atrophy and infertility; therefore, radical treatment is frequently required. Whatever treatment is chosen, postoperative complications are fairly common (hydrocele, recurrence, persistence, and testicular atrophy). Laparoscopic varicocelectomy (the laparoscopic Palomo procedure) is one of the surgical options that has recently gained popularity. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic Palomo varicocelectomy by describing a series of patients operated on during a 9 year period at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh. Methods This is a retrospective unicentric study including patients operated on between June 1995 and June 2004. All patients preoperatively underwent ultrasound scan of the testicles (color Doppler) and the abdomen. Indications for surgery included symptoms, high-grade varicocele (grade II and III), and testicular atrophy. Pneumoperitoneum was created using carbon dioxide insufflation with intraabdominal pressure up to 12 mmHg. Three 5 mm ports were inserted. The first port was inserted just below the umbilicus (telescope) under direct vision, and the others were inserted at the left flank and in the suprapubic region. All the enlarged spermatic and vas vessels were ligated or clipped. Outcomes and possible intraoperative, postoperative, or long-term complications are described. Results Forty-one patients were included in the study. Ninety percent of symptomatic patients improved significantly postoperatively, and 62% of patients with preoperative testicular atrophy showed postoperative catch-up growth of the involved testis. Nevertheless, hydrocele represents the most frequent postoperative complication in this series of patients. Approximately 15% of the patients required some sort of further surgical intervention (12% because of postoperative hydrocele occurrence). Conclusions The laparoscopic Palomo procedure is a safe and effective surgical option for the treatment of pediatric varicocele, although it carries a fairly high risk of postoperative hydrocele. Postoperative hydrocele seems to be related to some sort of lymphatic obstruction, therefore lymphatic sparing procedures that can be accomplished laparoscopically should be reconsidered. Nevertheless, their feasibility and effectiveness need to be more carefully assessed.     

腹腔镜辅助经皮腹膜外鞘状突缝合环扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助带线针经皮腹膜外鞘状突缝合环扎治疗小儿鞘膜积液的效果。方法回顾分析2008年7月至2009年4月21例鞘膜积液患儿采用腹腔镜治疗资料，年龄中位数2岁（1岁-6岁），术前诊断左侧7例，右侧10例，双侧4例。腹腔镜直视下用5ml注射器将生理盐水注射于内环口后壁腹膜外，水压分离腹膜与输精管、精索血管间隙，2-0不吸收带线针穿刺入腹腔，缝合环扎鞘状突，打结于腹膜外皮下。结果手术时间平均25min（15～60min），无腹内脏器损伤、阴囊血肿、伤口感染等。手术前后血红蛋白、血碳酸氢根比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。6例（28．6％）术前诊断为单侧者在术中确诊对侧存在开放鞘状突，同法处理。术后住院时间1d-5d（平均2d）。随访1个月～10个月，无复发、切口疝及睾丸萎缩等发生。结论腹腔镜小儿鞘膜积液腹膜外缝合环扎可行、微创、安全、美容效果好。