肾移植术后血清抗MICA抗体与慢性排斥反应的相关性

Objective To explore the relationship of serum anti-MICA antibody and development of chronic rejection (CR) after renal transplantation. Methods The enrolled 105 patients included 43 cases of CR, and 62 cases of functioning renal allograft as controls. Data including PRA level before transplantation, HLA mismatch, cold ischemic time, SCr at discharge, immunosuppressive regimen,and months after transplantation were analyzed. Blood samples were collected immediately after grouping for anti-MICA antibodies, SCr determination. Acute rejection episodes and renal allograft function which was evaluated by △SCr/M [(SCr at present - SCr at discharge) /months after transplantation) were compared between anti-MICA-antibody positive patients and anti-MICA-antibody negative patients. Results There was no significant difference in gender, age, HLA mismatch, cold ischemic time, immunosuppressive regimen, SCr at discharge, months after transplantation between CR and control groups (P＞0.05). Serum creatinine level and number of antiMICA-antibody positive patients in CR group were significantly increased as compared with those in control group (P＜0.01 ). Acute rejection episodes during the first 3 months after transplantation in anti-MICA-antibody positive patients were significantly more than those in anti-MICA-antibody negative patients (P＜0.05),and the △SCr/M in the former was higher than that in the latter (8.3 +3.6 vs 2.4 ± 2.6, P＜0.05). Conclusion Humoral immunoreaction mediated by MICA partly participates the development of CR after renal transplantation. MICA antibody is a risk factor affecting long-term allograft function.     

肾移植术后血清抗MICA抗体与慢性排斥反应的相关性

Objective To explore the relationship of serum anti-MICA antibody and development of chronic rejection (CR) after renal transplantation. Methods The enrolled 105 patients included 43 cases of CR, and 62 cases of functioning renal allograft as controls. Data including PRA level before transplantation, HLA mismatch, cold ischemic time, SCr at discharge, immunosuppressive regimen,and months after transplantation were analyzed. Blood samples were collected immediately after grouping for anti-MICA antibodies, SCr determination. Acute rejection episodes and renal allograft function which was evaluated by △SCr/M [(SCr at present - SCr at discharge) /months after transplantation) were compared between anti-MICA-antibody positive patients and anti-MICA-antibody negative patients. Results There was no significant difference in gender, age, HLA mismatch, cold ischemic time, immunosuppressive regimen, SCr at discharge, months after transplantation between CR and control groups (P＞0.05). Serum creatinine level and number of antiMICA-antibody positive patients in CR group were significantly increased as compared with those in control group (P＜0.01 ). Acute rejection episodes during the first 3 months after transplantation in anti-MICA-antibody positive patients were significantly more than those in anti-MICA-antibody negative patients (P＜0.05),and the △SCr/M in the former was higher than that in the latter (8.3 +3.6 vs 2.4 ± 2.6, P＜0.05). Conclusion Humoral immunoreaction mediated by MICA partly participates the development of CR after renal transplantation. MICA antibody is a risk factor affecting long-term allograft function.     

影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病逆转的相关因素

目的 探讨影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病(PTDM)逆转的相关因素.方法 回顾分析232例肝移植受者的临床资料,术后共有62例患者发生PTDM,发生率为26.7%.根据PTDM是否发生逆转,将62例患者分为暂时性PTDM组(34例)和持续性PTDM组(28例).对两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、糖尿病家族史、乙型肝炎病毒感染情况、术前空腹血糖水平、免疫抑制剂使用及其血药浓度、皮质激素的使用时间等相关因素进行分析.结果 两组间患者的性别、体重指数、糖尿病家族史、术前空腹血糖水平、免疫抑制方案中皮质激素的持续使用时间、术后血他克莫司浓度及使用环孢素A的患者比例等因素的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与持续性PTDM组相比,暂时性PTDM组患者移植时年龄较轻,分别为(54±8)岁和(42±6)岁(P＜0.05);发生PTDM的术后时间较晚,分别为术后(18±23)d和(35±42)d(P＜0.05);免疫抑制方案中联合运用吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)或西罗莫司(SRL)的患者比例较高,分别为0和8.9%(P＜0.05).经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,只有移植时年龄是PTDM逆转的独立预测因子(比值比为1.312,95%可信区间为1.005～1.743).结论 患者移植时年龄、发生PTDM时的术后时间及免疫抑制方案中使用MMF或SRL的患者比例等因素与肝移植术后PTDM逆转相关,但只有移植时年龄是PTDM逆转的独立预测因子.

Abstract：

Objective To study the related factors associated with the reversal of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 62patients with PTDM in 232 patients receiving liver transplantation (26. 7 %) were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with transient PTDM (34 cases) and those with persistent PTDM (28 cases). Pre-operative and post-operative variables, including sex,age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose, the immunosuppressant regime, FK506 concentration and duration of steroid usage, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The variables, including sex, age, body mass index,family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose,FK506 concentration at month 1, 3 and 6 after operation, rate of cyclosporine usage and duration of steroid usage had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Compared with the persistent PTDM patients, the transient PTDM patients were characterized by younger age at the time of transplantation (54 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 6 years, P＜0. 05), longer time before the development of PTDM (18 ± 23 vs. 35 ± 42 days, P＜0. 05), and higher rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage (0vs. 8. 9 %, P＜0. 05). Based on a multivariate analysis, age at the time of transplantation was determined as the single independent predictive factor associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation (odds ratio: 1. 312, 95 % confidence interval: 1. 005 - 1. 743). Conclusion Age at the time of transplantation, duration before the development of PTDM and rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage are associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation. Among these factors, age at the time of transplantation is only the single independent predictive factor.     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies (MICA) to the development of acute rejection (AR) and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody (DSA) and non-donor specific antibody (NDSA) were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine (SCr) levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients (21.95 % ,9/41 ) had pre-existing anti-HLA and(or) anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients (16.2% ) developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 (8.1%) developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR (44.4%); In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases (50.0%) were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred (P＜0.05). In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0.05). The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0. 01 ). The Scr levels in patients positive for de novo HLA and MICA and having AR one month following transplantation were higher than in those negative for antibodies and having no AR (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA were the irnportant factors for the development of AR, but the mismatch of HLA and MICA alleles in donors and patients was primary causes for generation of de novo antibodies.     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies (MICA) to the development of acute rejection (AR) and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody (DSA) and non-donor specific antibody (NDSA) were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine (SCr) levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients (21.95 % ,9/41 ) had pre-existing anti-HLA and(or) anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients (16.2% ) developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 (8.1%) developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR (44.4%); In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases (50.0%) were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred (P＜0.05). In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0.05). The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0. 01 ). The Scr levels in patients positive for de novo HLA and MICA and having AR one month following transplantation were higher than in those negative for antibodies and having no AR (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA were the irnportant factors for the development of AR, but the mismatch of HLA and MICA alleles in donors and patients was primary causes for generation of de novo antibodies.     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植血管中远期通畅率比较

目的 比较非体外循环不停跳与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术后中远期移植血管的通畅率.方法 对同一术者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5年以上病例50例.按手术方式分为两组.第1组采用传统体外循环下进行冠状动脉旁路移植(体外循环组,25例);第2组采用非体外循环不停跳技术进行冠状动脉旁路移植(非体外循环组,25例).对所有病例进行冠状动脉造影随访,比较两组移植血管的通畅情况.结果 两组均男21例,女4例.第1组手术年龄(55.4±8.9)岁;随访70～110个月,平均(86.52±12.48)个月;移植血管共83支,其中动脉移植血管41支,静脉移植血管42支,平均移植血管(3.32±0.63)支/例;随访移植血管通畅61支,狭窄6支,闭塞16支,动脉移植物通畅率为78.05%,静脉通畅率69.05%,总通畅率73.49%.第2组手术年龄(58.2±9.09)岁;移植血管共65支,其中动脉移植血管31支,静脉移植血管34支,平均移植血管(2.52±0.71)支/例,随访64～99个月,平均(82.68±12.48)个月;随访移植血管通畅47支,狭窄4支,闭塞14支,动脉移植物通畅率为74.19%,静脉通畅率70.59%,总通畅率72.31%.结论 非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植血管中远期通畅率与传统体外循环手术一致,均可达到较好的中远期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.     

核心蛋白聚糖在移植肝慢性排斥反应中的表达及意义

Objective To investigate expression and significance of decorin(DCN)in liver tissue and serum of liver transplant patients with chronic rejection(CR).Methods Immunohistochemistry(SP method)was used to detect expression of DCN in liver tissue of 16 normal controls, 20 patients with cirrhosis, 46 liver translantion patients without CR and 8 patients with CR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method(ELISA method)was used to determined the content of DCN in serum of all research subjects.Results The expression of DCN was negative in normal hepatic tissues and with/without CR, cirrhosis tissues showed strong expression of DCN.The positive expression rate and the average optical density value of DCN in liver transplant tissues with CR had significant difference comparing with Cirrhosis tissues(25% vs 55%, 0.1249 ±0.0039 vs 0.2357 ±0.0396, P <0.01,while no statistic siqnificance compared to normal liver tissues and those without CR.The level of DCN in serum was significantly higher in liver transplant patients with CR, with significant difference comparing with normal people, liver cirrhosis and transplant liver patients without CR(54.0833 ± 6.0325)μg/L vs(1.0232 ± 0.9105)μg/L,(12.6202 ± 1.5370)μg/L,(17.7102 ± 2.3562)μg/L, P < 0.01).The concentration of DCN in serum showed a positive correlation with the degree of CR.Conclusions DCN showed negative expression in liver tissue and increased significantly in serum of liver transplantation patients with CR.This suggests that DCN may be involved in occurrence and development of CR.At the same time the determination of DCN in serum maybe become an important indicator of the early diagnosis, development and prognosis of CR for liver transplant patients.     

致敏肾移植受者抗MICA抗体的表达对术后早期排斥反应和肾功能的影响

Objective To explore the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and evaluate its influence on acute rejection and renal function in early period after renal transplantation. Methods A total of 29 sensitized subjects (PRA＞20 %) were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent protein A immunoabsorption treatment and the expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected before and after treatment. Triple immunosuppressive regimen consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroid was given to prevent graft rejection. The correlation between the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and acute rejection or serum creatinine (SCr) level was analyzed.Results The expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected in 8 candidates (27. 6 % ,8/29) ,and 6 kinds of anti-MICA antibodies simultaneously expressed were found in one individual, 3 kinds in one case,and sole kind in 6 patients. There was no significant difference in acute rejection rate between positive anti-MICA antibodies group and negative group [37.5 % (3/8) vs 38. 1% (8/21), P＞0.05). The positive expression rate of anti-MICA antibodies in the recipients with PRA ≥40% was higher than that in those with PRA ＜40% [43. 8 % (7/16) vs 7. 7 % (1/13),P＜0.05]. The SCr level in patients positive for anti-MICA antibodies was markedly higher than that in those negative anti-MICA antibodies at the 1st week postoperatively ( 135.4 ± 21.4 vs 108. 6 -+ 31.6 μmol/L, P＜0.05). The SCr level in the patients with positive anti-MICA antibodies, however, was reduced to the normal range at the 2nd week after surgery (P＞0.05). The levels of anti-MICA antibodies were continuously decreased in the candidates undergoing protein A irnmunoadsorption treatment. Conclusion Higher expression of anti-MICA antibodies exists in sensitized recipients and possesses an influence on the recovery of renal function in early postoperative period. Protein A immunoadsorption can eliminate anti-MICA antibodies effectively in sensitized recipients.     

致敏肾移植受者抗MICA抗体的表达对术后早期排斥反应和肾功能的影响

Objective To explore the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and evaluate its influence on acute rejection and renal function in early period after renal transplantation. Methods A total of 29 sensitized subjects (PRA＞20 %) were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent protein A immunoabsorption treatment and the expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected before and after treatment. Triple immunosuppressive regimen consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroid was given to prevent graft rejection. The correlation between the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and acute rejection or serum creatinine (SCr) level was analyzed.Results The expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected in 8 candidates (27. 6 % ,8/29) ,and 6 kinds of anti-MICA antibodies simultaneously expressed were found in one individual, 3 kinds in one case,and sole kind in 6 patients. There was no significant difference in acute rejection rate between positive anti-MICA antibodies group and negative group [37.5 % (3/8) vs 38. 1% (8/21), P＞0.05). The positive expression rate of anti-MICA antibodies in the recipients with PRA ≥40% was higher than that in those with PRA ＜40% [43. 8 % (7/16) vs 7. 7 % (1/13),P＜0.05]. The SCr level in patients positive for anti-MICA antibodies was markedly higher than that in those negative anti-MICA antibodies at the 1st week postoperatively ( 135.4 ± 21.4 vs 108. 6 -+ 31.6 μmol/L, P＜0.05). The SCr level in the patients with positive anti-MICA antibodies, however, was reduced to the normal range at the 2nd week after surgery (P＞0.05). The levels of anti-MICA antibodies were continuously decreased in the candidates undergoing protein A irnmunoadsorption treatment. Conclusion Higher expression of anti-MICA antibodies exists in sensitized recipients and possesses an influence on the recovery of renal function in early postoperative period. Protein A immunoadsorption can eliminate anti-MICA antibodies effectively in sensitized recipients.     

主动脉夹层和呼吸睡眠暂停综合征的关系研究

目的 通过回顾性的问卷调查对主动脉夹层患者梗阻性呼吸睡眠暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome,OSAS)的相关症状进行研究.方法 参考Berlin问卷对夹层患者和非夹层患者进行问卷调查.回收调查问卷并对两组患者的一般资料和相关症状进行比较.我们再将对照组中合并高血压者和主动脉夹层患者的相关症状进行比较.结果 一共收回70份问卷,其中夹层组33例;对照组37例.夹层组打鼾的有29例(87.88%),高于对照组的22例(59.46%)(P＜0.05);几乎每天都打鼾的夹层组为19例(57.58%),高于对照组的12例(32.43%)(P＜0.05);鼾声影响他人的夹层组为23例(69.70%),高于对照组的10例(27.03%)(P＜0.05);家人注意到有呼吸暂停现象的夹层组有15例(45.45%),其中每天都有的有9例(27.27%),对照组分别为8例(21.62%)(P＜0.05)和5例(13.51%)(P＜0.05).醒来后感觉不解乏的夹层组为23例(69.70%),几乎每天都感觉不解乏的为10例(30.30%),对照组分别为15例(40.54%)(P＜0.05)和6例(16.22%)(P＜0.05);夹层组合并高血压的有28例(84.85%),对照组为20例(54.05%)(P＜0.05);合并高血压的非夹层患者平均年龄(62±16)岁,较夹层组年龄大(P＜0.05);鼾声影响他人休息的有7例(35%),明显少于夹层组(69.7%)(P＜0.05).夹层组患者比非夹层高血压患者身高更高(P＜0.05),腰臀比更小(P＜0.05).结论 主动脉夹层患者中普遍存在OSAS症状.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with aortic dissection (AD). Methods Questionnaire analysis was applied to patients with or without AD according to Berlin questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected and common characters and related symptoms were compared between the two groups. Further comparison on related symptoms was made between the AD group and hypertensive patients in the control group. Results Totally 70 questionnaires were collected with 33 for the AD group (29 males and 4 females) and 37 for the control (29 males and 8 females). The average age (P ＜0.05) was 50.9 years for the AD group (range 32 to 70) and 53.4 years for the control (range 25 to 83). Snoring occurred in 29 AD patients (87. 88% ) and in 22 control patients (59. 46% ) (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Snoring everyday occurred in 19 AD patients (57. 58% ) and in 12 controls (32.43%) (P ＜0.05). Loud snoring was reported from 23 AD patients (69.70%) and 10 controls (27.03%) (P ＜0. 05). Apnea occurred in 15 AD patients (45. 45% ) and 8 controls (21.62%) ( P ＜0. 05). Apnea nearly everyday occurred in 9 AD patients ( 27.27% ) and 5 controls ( 13. 51% ) ( P ＜0. 05). Fatigue after sleep occurred in 23 AD patients (69. 70% ) and 15 controls (40. 54% ) (P ＜0. 05).Fatigue nearly everyday after sleep occurred in 10 AD patients (30. 30% ) and 6 controls ( 16. 22% ) ( P ＜0. 05). Hypertension was found in 28 AD patients ( 84. 85% ) and 20 controls ( 54. 05% ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).The average age of hypertensive control were 62 ± 16, greater than that of AD group (P ＜0. 05). In the 20 hypertensive control patients, loud snoring in 7 (35%), lessen than that of AD group (P ＜0.05).Compared with hypertensive controls, AD patients had greater body length ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and lesser waist-tohip ration (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Compared with normal control, OSAS is more common in AD patients.     

急性白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后急性肾损伤的临床分析

目的 分析急性白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率以及对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析66例急性白血病患者行清髓性allo-HSCT后的肾功能及相关临床数据.根据RIFLE分层诊断标准评价肾脏功能,分为:肾功能损伤危险(AKI-R)、肾功能损伤(AKI-I)和肾功能衰竭(AKI-F).结果 allo-HSCT后100 d内,有37例(56.1%)受者发生AKI,其中AKI-R 19例(28.8%),AKb-I11例(16.7%)和AKI-F 7例(10.6%);发生AKI的中位时间为allo-HSCT后29 d(1～89 d).与预处理前(基线)血肌酐水平比较,66例受者移植后21 d开始血肌酐水平显著增高(P＜0.05).移植后100 d时,发生肝脏静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的受者与未发生HVOD受者AKI-F发生率分别为(55.56±22.22)%和(9.01±4.75)%(P＜0.01);胆红素总量增高的受者与未增高的受者AKI-F发生率分别为(68.75±24.54)%和(8.38±4.17)%(P＜0.01);血环孢素A(CsA)浓度＞0.416μmol/L的受者与血CsA浓度较低的受者AKI的发生率分别为(66.67±10.29)%和(44.44±8.28)%(P＜0.05);无AKI、AKI-R、AKI-I和AKI-F的受者存活率分别为(89.66±5.66)%、(83.88±8.54)%、(81.82±11.63)%和(42.86±18.7)%,AKI-F组明显低于其他组(P＜0.05).结论 AKI是allo-HSCT后的常见并发症,不同程度的AKI对受者的存活率影响不同.应用RIFLE分层诊断标准对不同程度的肾功能损伤进行分级评价,可以早期诊断AKI并监测肾损伤的进展情况.     

RIFLE标准对慢性粒细胞白血病清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植后急性肾损伤的评价及预后分析

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后急性肾损伤（AKI）的发生率和危险因素及其对患者移植后6个月生存率的影响。 方法 应用RIFLE标准对93例慢性粒细胞白血病患者清髓性异基因HSCT后肾脏功能的变化情况进行回顾性分析。 结果 清髓性异基因HSCT后100 d内有39例（41.9%）患者发生AKI,其中AKI危险（AKI-R）24例（25.8%）,AKI损伤（AKI-I）10例（10.8%）,AKI功能衰竭（AKI-F）5例（5.4%）,中位时间为干细胞回输后40 d（1～96 d）。移植后发生≥Ⅲ度急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）患者与<Ⅲ度aGVHD患者100 d内AKI发生率分别为（81.82±11.63）%和（36.59±5.32）%（P ＝ 0.0037）。移植后出现总胆红素增高患者与无增高患者100 d内AKI发生率分别为（72.73±13.43）%和（37.04±5.37）%（P ＝ 0.0192）。移植后发生≥Ⅲ度aGVHD是患者发生AKI的独立危险因素,其相对危险度（RR）为2.773[95%可信区间（CI）（1.073～7.167）,P ＝ 0.035];并且移植后发生≥Ⅲ度aGVHD患者发生AKI-I和AKI-F的RR为6.320[95%CI（1.464～27.291）,P ＝ 0.013]。移植后发生AKI患者100 d内病死率与无AKI患者差异有统计学意义（P ＝ 0.001）。移植后发生AKI-R、AKI-I和AKI-F的患者6个月的生存率分别为（86.96±7.02）%、（70.0±14.49）%和0（P ＝ 0.000）。 结论 AKI是慢性粒细胞白血病清髓性异基因HSCT后的重要并发症。移植后出现≥Ⅲ度aGVHD和总胆红素增高是发生AKI的影响因素。出现≥Ⅲ度aGVHD的患者易发生较重的AKI。移植后发生AKI程度越严重,患者6个月的生存率越低。RIFLE标准能提高早期诊断AKI的敏感性,并可监测肾功能进展情况,预测预后。     

蛋白酶激活受体-1,2在小鼠急性移植物抗宿主病模型中的表达

目的 研究蛋白酶激活受体-1,2(PAR-1,2)在小鼠急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)模型中的表达.方法 建立小鼠异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后aGVHD模型,并用同基因HSCT小鼠作为对照.观察小鼠aGVHD表现;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应、蛋白印迹和免疫组织化学法检测移植小鼠各种组织中PAR-1,2在基因和蛋白水平的表达.结果 allo-HSCT小鼠在移植后18～28 d出现了典型的aGVHD临床和病理表现.PAR-1基因在allo-HSCT组小鼠的皮肤、肝脏和小肠组织中的相对表达量较对照组显著增高(皮肤:0.039±0.013和0.008±0.002,P<0.01;肝脏:0.165±0.084和0.017±0.006,P<0.01;小肠:0.215±0.109和0.016±0.009,P<0.01);PAR-2基因在allo-HSCT组小鼠的肝脏和小肠组织中表达较对照组增高(肝脏:0.010±0.003和0.003±0.002,P<0.01;小肠:0.006±0.002和0.003±0.002,P<0.05);PAR-1,2基因在其余器官组织中的表达与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义.PAR-1,2在蛋白水平的表达与基因表达的检测结果一致.免疫组织化学染色显示PAR-1,2主要在aGvHD靶器官的上皮细胞和内皮细胞中表达增强.结论 PAR-1,2表达增高很有可能参与异基因造血干细胞移植后aGVHD的病理生理过程.     

高危造血干细胞移植患者应用氟达拉滨替代环磷酰胺行预处理12例

目的 探讨氟达拉滨(Flu)替代环磷酰胺(Cy)的预处理方案在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的安全性和疗效.方法 接受allo-HSCT治疗的高龄(≥55岁)和(或)合并脏器功能损害的恶性血液病患者12例,其中急性髓系白血病6例,急性淋巴细胞自血病1例,慢性粒细胞白血病2例,骨髓增生异常综合征3例.预处理时,HLA相合供者移植的9例采用改良白消安-氟达拉滨(BuFlu)方案,其中Flu为50 mg/d,用5 d;行HLA不相合移植的2例采用改良BuFlu联合兔抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)方案;行二次移植的1例采用全身放疗(TBI)-Flu方案.采用环孢素A、吗替麦考酚酯及短程甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD).结果 患者输注单个核细胞的中位数为6.68× 10~8/kg,输注CD34~+细胞的中位数为1.502 × 10~6/kg.allo-HSCT后所有患者均达到白细胞植入,植入时间中位数为17.5 d;除1例外,其余11例患者均达到血小板植入,植入时间中位数为14 d;HSCT后30 d,11例患者为完全供者型,仅1例为供受者嵌合状态.患者对预处理方案的耐受性良好,未发生严重预处理相关并发症.12例中,6例出现Ⅰ度以上急性GVHD,其中Ⅰ度2例,Ⅱ度3例,Ⅲ度1例;10例存活100 d以上的患者中,8例发生慢性GVHD;无GVHD相关死亡.随访62～554 d,10例无原发病复发存活,存活时间中位数为424 d,2例患者死亡,其中1例死于原发病未缓解,另1例死于移植后淋巴系统增殖性疾病.结论 高龄和(或)脏器功能损害的患者对应用Flu替代Cy的预处理方案的耐受性较好,且异体造血干细胞的植入顺利,原发病复发率未见明显升高.     

Incidence of Infectious Complications in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Objective

We analyzed incidence and profile of infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Polish pediatric HSCT departments, over a 2-year period.

肾移植术后血清抗MICA抗体与慢性排斥反应的相关性

目的 探讨肾移植受者的抗MICA抗体水平与慢性排斥反应的相关性及其对移植肾功能的影响.方法 共有105例受者被作为研究对象纳入分析,其中发生慢性排斥反应者(慢排组)43例,移植肾功能正常者(对照组)62例.记录两组受者术前群体反应性抗体(PRA)、HLA抗原错配数、供肾冷缺血时间、出院时血清肌酐(SCr)水平、术后免疫抑制方案以及入组时间(入组时距肾移植手术时间)等资料,并进行比较.受者分组后,抽取受者外周血,检测SCr及抗MICA抗体水平,抗MICA抗体的检测采用Luminex 100免疫磁珠流式细胞仪技术.观察与比较抗MICA抗体阳性受者和抗MICA抗体阴性受者间术后3个月内发生急性排斥反应(AR)的次数和移植肾功能的差异.移植肾功能的评价采用血清肌酐变化率(△SCr/M),即(入组时SCr值-出院时SCr值)/入组时间.结果 两组受者在性别、年龄、HLA抗原错配数、供肾冷缺血时间、术后免疫抑制方案、出院时SCr水平及入组时间的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).分组后,慢排组受者SCr水平和抗MICA抗体阳性受者比例均明显高于对照组,两组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01,表1).抗MICA抗体阳性受者术后3个月内发生的AR次数明显多于抗MICA抗体阴性受者,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抗MICA抗体阳性受者的△SCr/M为8.3±3.6,明显高于抗MICA抗体阴性受者的2.4±2.6,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 抗MICA抗体的表达与慢性排斥反应的发生相关,移植前进行MICA配型可减少术后移植肾慢性排斥反应的发生,有助于延长移植肾的长期存活.     

造血干细胞移植后长期存活患者的生活质量分析

目的 探讨造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后长期存活患者的生活质量.方法 以HSCT后长期存活、对汉语语言文字有正确理解能力、年龄在18周岁以上的114例患者为研究对象,其中男性75例,女性39例.使用Karnofsky评分量表(KPS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估患者的体能状况、精神状态.并增加性功能情况调查.在普通人群中随机选取32名健康成人做为对照.结果 HSCT后长期存活者83例,存活时间为1～8年,总存活率为72.8%(83/114).调查共发出问卷83份,问卷回收率为36.1%(30/83).HSCT后患者的KPS评分为(89.6±12.7)分(60～100分),KPS评分与患者术后恢复时间的相关系数为0.486(P<0.05),两者呈正相关.正常对照组KPS评分为(99.0±3.1)分,与患者的KPS评分相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).患者的SDS评分为(48.1±11.3)分,SAS评分为(42.3±8.7)分,SDS分值与患者术后恢复时间的相关系数为-0.423(P<0.05).两者呈负相关,SDS、SAS分值与患者目前状态的相关系数分别为-0.394和-0.387,二者与患者目前状态呈负相关(P<0.05).对照组SDS评分为(35.3±7.7)分,SAS评分为(35.1±7.3)分,与患者SDS及SAS评分相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05).15例女性有不同程度的性功能异常,15例男性患者中,5例出现性功能异常.结论 HSCT后长期存活患者的体能状况普遍良好.但部分患者有焦虑与抑郁.部分患者有性功能异常,女性较男性更明显.     

Long-term remission of HSCT-related NS after a second allogenic stem cell transplant

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-related nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a rare event and has been described as a clinical form of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although immunological mechanisms are thought to play important roles in NS after HSCT, the exact mechanisms have not been clarified.

Case-Diagnosis/Treatment

We report a 4-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed NS during the tapering of immunosuppressants 5 months after an allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT). A renal biopsy was performed, and light and electron microscopy revealed minimal change disease (MCD). Although the response to treatment with steroids and tacrolimus was favorable, the child experienced two relapses of NS within the first 9 months after the initial response. A second allo-HSCT was performed to treat the relapse of ALL. After the second allo-HSCT, the remission of NS was maintained without recurrence for 5 years, even after the cessation of immunosuppressants.

Conclusions

Our patient who had ALL and developed NS after his first allo-HSCT, maintained remission from NS after a second allo-HSCT. This suggests that the immune cells from the first donor origin were associated with the pathogenesis of NS.