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外科手术是治疗原发性腹膜后肿瘤的重要手段 ,但切除后的复发率较高 ,达 4 9%～ 88% [1] 。多数原发性腹膜后肿瘤恶性程度较低 ,对于原发性腹膜后肿瘤术后复发者仍应积极争取再手术治疗。1　原发性腹膜后肿瘤复发的原因腹膜后肿瘤大多恶性程度较低 ,多数为局部复发或种植转移 ,较少远处转移。复发的病例中以脂肪肉瘤为多见 ,国内田氏[2 ] 报告 34例中 ,脂肪肉瘤占 16例。蔡氏[3 ] 报告33例复发的肉瘤中脂肪肉瘤也为 16例 ,其次为平滑肌肉瘤、恶性纤维组织肉瘤、神经纤维肉瘤、恶性间皮瘤等。原发性腹膜后肿瘤术后复发的原因主要有 :(1)首次…     

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目的 探讨原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1993～2001年收治的18例原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤病人经手术治疗27例次的临床资料。结果 脂肪肉瘤占同期经手术探查的原发性腹膜后及肠系膜实体瘤的31．6％(18／57)；临床表现主要为进行性增大的腹部包块与消化道症状：病理类型以高分化型多见(13／18)；首诊后16例获得临床根治性切除，6例复发性脂肪肉瘤病人，共接受15次手术；全组合并单侧肾切除6例，部分结肠切除4例，部分空肠切除和胃大部切除各1例；肠系膜脂肪肉瘤手术多采用完整切除术(8／10)。结论 手术切除是目前唯一有效的治疗方法，必要时可行联合脏器切除术，但不应强求根治；为改善生存质量、延长生存期，对多发肿瘤不能完整切除者应积极实施姑息性减瘤术，多次复发者有条件可多次手术；采用完整切除术、尽量避免肠切除治疗对多发性及复发性肠系膜脂肪肉瘤具有重要临床价值。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断及治疗（附83例报告）

目的　总结分析原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。方法　对 83例经手术切除病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤患者的年龄、临床表现、病理类型、B型超声及CT检查的特点进行分析。结果　首发症状及体征多数为腹痛及腹部肿块。小儿良性腹膜后肿瘤以畸胎瘤多见 ;恶性以神经母细胞瘤多见。成人良性肿瘤以神经纤维瘤多见 ,恶性以脂肪肉瘤多见。B型超声及CT的诊断率分别为 71%及 77%。肿瘤手术切除率 6 5 .0 % ,其中良性为 89.2 % ,恶性为 45 .6 %。结论　对不明原因的腹痛患者应提高警惕 ,以利于对腹膜后肿瘤早期确诊。B型超声和CT是诊断原发性腹膜后肿瘤的重要手段 ,肿瘤与周围脏器及大血管的关系是影响手术切除率的主要因素。治疗应尽可能切除肿瘤 ,术后辅以化疗、放疗有助于改善生存质量和提高生存率。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤46例外科诊疗体会

目的 总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床特征及外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2011年2月我院收治并手术治疗的46例原发性腹膜后肿瘤患者临床资料.结果 本组46例原发性腹膜后肿瘤患者中良性20例,恶性26例.全部切除31例,部分切除8例,联合脏器切除7例.术后随访42例,随访时间4个月至9年.完整切除的良性肿瘤复发率为5.3%,恶性肿瘤复发率为21.0%,5年生存率分别为85.6%、30.3%.完整切除的脂肪肉瘤的复发率57.1%.对于复发的肿瘤行二次手术仍有6例做到了完整切除.结论 术前联合B超、CT、MRI能对原发性腹膜后肿瘤做出较准确的定位诊断,必要时行CTA、DSA、消化道造影、IVP明确肿瘤和大血管、周围脏器的关系.手术应尽可能完整切除肿瘤,联合脏器切除可提高切除率,避免肿瘤组织的残留,减少复发.肿瘤恶性度、切除程度和某些极易复发的组织学类型,如脂肪肉瘤是影响复发的主要因素.术后定期复查,对于复发的肿瘤二次手术仍有可能完整切除,提高患者的生存时间.     

63例原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断和外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2007年3月63例经手术治疗且病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床表现、手术治疗、病理类型和随访结果.结果 63例中良性25例,恶性38例.主要临床表现为腹部包块,CT对良恶性判断的约登指数为85%,良性肿瘤完整切除率为88%,恶性肿瘤为68%,联合脏器切除占肿瘤完整切除总数的40%.肿瘤切除程度和病理类型与术后复发密切相关.良、恶性肿瘤完整切除的5年生存率分别为83.6%和27.3%.恶性肿瘤完整切除的患者平均随访36个月(5～168个月),53%局部复发,平均复发时间25个月(3～108个月),恶性肿瘤局部复发再手术完整切除率62.5%.全组有1例术后第1天腹腔内出血死亡.结论 应当重视临床表现争取早期诊断;影像学检查是判断手术范围的重要依据;肿瘤完整切除,必要时联合脏器切除是治疗本病的最佳手段;术后规律复查有助于及早发现复发肿瘤并争取再手术治疗.     

49例原发性肺肉瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结原发性肺肉瘤的外科治疗经验,提高诊治水平。方法 手术治疗４９例中肺叶切除或袖式肺叶切除３２例,全肺切除１１例,局部切除３例,手术探查３例。病理类型：恶性纤维组织细胞瘤１３全,纤维肉瘤９例,癌肉瘤９例,恶性血管外皮细胞瘤７例,肺胚瘤５例,平滑肌肉瘤４例,恶性间皮细胞瘤和非何杰金氏淋巴瘤各１例。结果 手术死亡２例,全组生存期中位数为１９个月,３年生存率１９％,５年生存率１２％;２年死亡率６７     

原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析1995年8月～2006年5月收治的12例原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料,并就其临床表现、辅助检查及手术方法进行讨论。结果：12例中,男3例,女9例,年龄27～73岁,平均55岁。体检发现者3例,有腹部或腰部疼痛症状者6例,腹部包块者2例,下肢疼痛者1例。肿瘤最大径5～21cm,平均11cm,均行手术切除。手术时间120-360min,平均210min;失血200～1500ml,平均524ml,其中输血5例,占41％,输血4001000ml,平均600ml。同时切除右肾1例,右半结肠1例,无重大手术并发症。病理检查结果为脂肪肉瘤5例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,神经纤维肉瘤2例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例,横纹肌肉瘤1例。随访8例,时间3～60个月,平均28个月,2例分别于术后6、9个月复发,再次行手术切除,1例术后1．5年因肝、肺转移而死亡,2例术后3～12个月局部复发,无法手术切除,转行放、化疗。结论：原发性腹膜后软组织肉瘤术前主要靠影像学检查诊断;手术完整切除是其主要的有效治疗手段。     

腹膜后脂肪肉瘤29例的诊断和治疗

探讨原发性及复发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤（PRLS）的临床病理特征、诊疗原则及预后情况。回顾性分析2015年1月—2021年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院消化血管外科中心收治的29例腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中,侵犯周围器官15例（51.7%）,联合器官切除16例(55.2%)。中位手术时间235 min;中位出血量300 m L。术后病理检查结果证实脂肪肉瘤诊断,术后共12例患者出现并发症：肠梗阻4例、感染性休克1例、胸腹盆腔积液6例与低钾血症1例。以上患者经积极治疗后均痊愈出院。原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤前期诊断困难,切除难度大、术后易复发。肿瘤切除范围、肿瘤分化程度是腹膜后脂肪肉瘤术后复发的重要影响因素。     

原发性腹膜后肉瘤的外科治疗

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月收治的 63例原发性腹膜后肉瘤 (脂肪肉瘤和平滑肌肉瘤 )的治疗效果、预后因素等临床资料。结果　肿瘤全切除率为 88.2 % ,其中联合脏器切除为 2 1.6% ,无围手术期死亡。脂肪肉瘤的术后平均生存时间 3 6.5个月 ,平滑肌肉瘤为 2 7.6个月。高分化肿瘤术后平均生存时间 3 7.4个月 ,中低分化肿瘤仅 18.1个月 (P <0 .0 1)。 3 2例作再次手术 ,其中肿瘤完全切除率为 62 .5 % (2 0 /3 2 ) ,术后平均生存时间为 19.8个月 ,其中 2 8.1%术后病理类型发生变化。结论　手术切除整个肿瘤及侵及的周围脏器是治疗的最佳手段 ,对局部复发的肿瘤争取再次手术 ,肿瘤的分化程度及能否完整切除肿瘤是影响预后的主要因素。     

原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的临床特点探究

探讨原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的临床特点,为临床诊治提供参考。选取2014年1月—2018年12月于我院就诊的原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者52例,收集整理临床资料,回顾性分析临床特点。52例患者首次手术肉眼肿瘤完整切除41例(78.85%),部分切除5例(9.61%),术中单纯活检6例(11.54%)。首次手术联合脏器切除34例(65.38%),联合多脏器切除23例(44.23%)。多脏器切除主要集中左侧后腹膜脏器,切除肿瘤最大长径6.5~39.8 cm,患者术中出血量在420~7000 mL。41例肉眼肿瘤完整切除患者中,10例术后病理结果显示切缘阳性。52例患者中分化型脂肪肉瘤为主,占比59.62%(31/52);病理分级主要是1级,占比57.69%(30/52);肿瘤直径<20 cm者33例,占比63.46%(33/52);肿瘤直径≥20 cm者19例,占比36.54%(19/52)。对所有患者进行随访,随访时间5~107个月,中位随访时间为56个月。术后复发时间3~95个月,中位复发时间为49个月;术后1年、2年分别复发8例、32例,复发率分别为15.38%、61.54%。复发患者大部分为男性、肿瘤直径<20 cm。术后发生转移5例(9.62%),分别为2例肝转移、3例肺转移。结果显示,肿瘤复发时间与患者性别、肿瘤分级、肿瘤类型无关(P>0.05),与患者肿瘤最大直径有关(P<0.05)。原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤主要采用完整手术切除治疗,术后易复发,复发时间与肿瘤最大直径有关。     

Analysis of postrevascularization syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation: the experience of an Australian liver transplantation center

Abstract. Background/Purpose: We investigated the causes and examined patient outcomes following the postrevascularization syndrome (PRS) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). Methods: PRS was defined as a fall in the mean arterial pressure at 5 min after revascularization to less than 70% of the baseline and lasting for 5 min. Data from 100 adult patients who underwent OLTx between January 1998 and September 2000 were analyzed. Analyzed data included donor and recipient demographic data, recipient operative and postoperative courses, and recipient outcome. Results: Twenty-nine patients (29%) exhibited PRS during OLTx (PRS group). There was a higher incidence of older donors (>50 years) in the PRS group (48% vs 23%; P < 0.05). Postrevascularization hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis were observed in both the PRS and non-PRS groups. Transaminase and lactate levels after revascularization were significantly higher in the PRS group (P < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels on day 7 tended to be higher in the PRS group; although the difference was not significant (p ≧ 0.05). Serum creatinine was significantly elevated on day 7 in the PRS group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicate that PRS following OLTx tended to be more common in liver allografts from older donors and was associated with posttransplantation liver and renal dysfunction. Received: May 11, 2001 / Accepted: September 26, 2001     

Stereotactic interstitial radiosurgery with a miniature X-ray device in the minimally invasive treatment of selected tumors in the thalamus and the basal Ganglia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of interstitial radiosurgery (IR) using the photon radiosurgery system (PRS) in the treatment of selected tumors within the thalamus and the basal ganglia. The PRS is a miniature X-ray generator that was developed for interstitial irradiation. This series included 14 patients (5 with glioblastomas, 4 with low-grade astrocytomas and 5 with metastases) harboring spheroidal lesions with dimensions ranging from 13 to 42 mm (mean 30 mm). After stereotactic biopsy, a radiation dose ranging from 6 to 15.4 Gy (mean 11.3 Gy) was delivered at the target volume margins. Follow-up varied from 3 to 26 months (mean 10.2 months). In the group of glioblastomas, 3 patients died (3-12 months after the procedure) because of tumor progression, while the remaining had tumor control. Two patients with metastases died from systemic disease (4-9 months after the treatment), and 3 were alive and well at the end of the study. Local control was achieved in all metastases. Patients with low-grade astrocytomas were well and imaging studies showed tumor control PRS IR is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of selected glial or secondary brain tumors. Compared to conventional radiosurgery (brachytherapy and external radiosurgery), PRS IR presents dose delivery characteristics useful for the treatment of tumors in the thalamus and basal ganglia, without inconveniences such as handling radioisotopes, the need of expensive facilities and radiation protection measures. Although the clinical value needs further investigations, PRS IR seems to be effective in metastases while it provides less benefit in malignant gliomas. PRS IR could have a major role in the treatment of low-grade astrocytomas.     

Causes of postreperfusion syndrome in living or cadaveric donor liver transplantations

OBJECTIVE: The postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) occurrence was evaluated in patients undergoing liver transplantation in our institution to determine the relationship between PRS and associated variables. METHODS: Of the 185 consecutive liver transplants, pediatric patients, patients with uncompleted data or retransplantations were excluded. The remaining 145 adult patients having 77 cadaveric and 68 living donor right lobe liver transplantations were studied. PRS was defined as a decrease in mean arterial pressure >30% below the baseline value. Logistic regression was used for statistical analyses. A P value <.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Total rate of PRS occurrence was 48.9% (71 patients) for the 145 patients. Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between the PRS and four of the variables: shorter duration of the anhepatic period, higher mean calcium requirement, higher mean heart rate difference from anhepatic to reperfusion period and lower central venous pressure at the dissection period during operations (P <.05). We could not demonstrate any significant effect of the operation type-surgical technique and duration of operations, blood and fresh frozen plasma volume transfused, demographic variables of the recipients, donor liver factors, other haemodynamic and metabolic variables at specific time periods (P >.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is important that PRS does not seem to occur in a predictable manner in this study except for the increased calcium requirements during the operations in PRS experienced patients. The clinical parameters as graft ischemia time, the type of the operation, demographic variables of the recipient, hemodynamic or metabolic variables and transfusion needs during the operations seemed to have no contribution to PRS occurrence.     

Postreperfusion Syndrome in Liver Transplant: A Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Failure: A Retrospective Analysis

The maximum expression of hemodynamic instability during liver transplant is the so-called postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) that increases both overall mortality and postoperative complications. It was first defined by Aggarwal et al in 1987, but the results are still conflicting when establishing the relationship between PRS and acute kidney failure (AKF). We conducted a retrospective observational study of transplant recipients with deceased-donor liver grafts between January 2002 and December 2018. We analyzed the incidence of PRS and its potential negative impact over kidney function. A total of 551 transplants were analyzed. PRS was recorded in 130 patients (23.6%). The incidence of AKF was 61.5%. A total of 111 patients required kidney replacement therapy (32.7%). Regarding the severity of AKF, 128 patients were classified as acute kidney injury (AKI) 1 (23.2%), 76 as AKI 2 (13.8%), and 135 as AKI 3 (24.5%). In the group with PRS, 75.4% (n = 98) developed AKF vs 57.2% (n = 241) in the group without PRS. In the multivariate analysis we found a relationship between PRS and AKF with an odds ratio of 2.18 (95% CI, 1.30-3.64; P = .003), once adjusted by the length of the anhepatic phase, donor age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, history of ascites, and need for early surgical reintervention. The incidence of AKF decreased (44.5%) ever since the implementation of delayed calcineurin inhibitors therapy and piggyback surgical technique, but a clear influence of the occurrence of PRS on the development of AKF is still observed, with an OR of 3.78 (95% CI, 1.92-7.43; P < .001), once adjusted by albumin and hemoglobin levels, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and Child classification.     

The results of pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach]

The functional results of pylorus-preserving resection of a stomach (PRS) in 68 patients with gastric ulcer disease were studied. According to the data of gastroscintigraphy and hepatoscintigraphy, it was established that number of patients with decreased motor-evacuatory function (MEF) of the stomach reduced from 31% before the operation to 11% at the long-term period after PRS. Duodenogastric reflux was noted in 10% of the patients as compared with 47% before the operation. MEF of the stomach normalized within 3-6 mos after the operation. Acid-producing function of the stomach after PRS steadily decreased until the development of a hypoacidic state. Basal pH of gastric, body at the long-term period was 3.39 +/- 0.59. An excellent and good result according to Visick scale was noted in 67 (98.5%) patients, a satisfactory one--in 1 (1.5%).     

Stereotactic interstitial radiosurgery for cerebral metastases

OBJECT: The Photon Radiosurgery System (PRS) is a miniature x-ray generator that can stereotactically irradiate intracranial tumors by using low-energy photons. Treatment with the PRS typically occurs in conjunction with stereotactic biopsy, thereby providing diagnosis and treatment in one procedure. The authors review the treatment of patients with brain metastases with the aid of the PRS and discuss the indications, advantages, and limitations of this technique. METHODS: Clinical characteristics, treatment parameters, neuroimaging-confirmed outcome, and survival were reviewed in all patients with histologically verified brain metastases who were treated with the PRS at the Massachusetts General Hospital between December 1992 and November 2000. Local control of lesions was defined as either stabilization or diminution in the size of the treated tumor as confirmed by Gd-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Between December 1992 and November 2000, 72 intracranial metastatic lesions in 60 patients were treated with the PRS. Primary tumors included lung (33 patients), melanoma (15 patients), renal cell (five patients), breast (two patients), esophageal (two patients), colon (one patient), and Merkle cell (one patient) cancers, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one patient). Supratentorial metastases were distributed throughout the cerebrum, with only one cerebellar metastasis. The lesions ranged in diameter from 6 to 40 mm and were treated with a minimal peripheral dose of 16 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). At the last follow-up examination (median 6 months), local disease control had been achieved in 48 (81%) of 59 tumors. An actuarial analysis demonstrated that the survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 63 and 34%, respectively. Patients with a single brain metastasis survived a mean of 11 months. Complications included four patients with postoperative seizures, three with symptomatic cerebral edema, two with hemorrhagic events, and three with symptomatic radiation necrosis requiring surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic interstitial radiosurgery performed using the PRS can obtain local control of cerebral metastases at rates that are comparable to those achieved through open resection and external stereotactic radiosurgery. The major advantage of using the PRS is that effective treatment can be accomplished at the time of stereotactic biopsy.     

Prediction of postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether advanced age was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications and identify the predictive factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Between January 2000 and December 2010, 256 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were investigated. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥75 y. The clinicopathologic data and outcomes after hepatectomy for 64 elderly and 192 younger patients were retrospectively collected and compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.936) or the long-term survival after hepatectomy (P = 0.641) between the elderly and younger patients. In multivariate analysis, the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress-preoperative risk score (PRS) was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity in the elderly patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, the patients were analyzed according to the PRS for the assessment of their general preoperative condition and liver damage grade based on the hepatic reserve. The rate of postoperative complications in the patients with a PRS ≥0.5 and liver damage B was significantly higher in the elderly patients (P < 0.01), whereas a PRS and liver damage grade did not affect the incidence of postoperative morbidity in the younger patients (P = 0.516).

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for elderly patients with HCC is feasible as well as safe, and the preoperative assessment using the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress scoring system, combined with the liver damage grade, can help to improve the safety of this procedure for elderly HCC patients.     

Influence of retrograde flushing via the caval vein on the post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation

INTRODUCTION: The reperfusion phase during orthotopic liver transplantation (LTX) is a critical event with sometimes profound hemodynamic and cardiac changes. We present the influence of retrograde reperfusion in LTX on the post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS). METHODS: Fifty-six LTXs in 53 patients were performed with the piggy-back technique with retrograde reperfusion via the caval vein and antegrade reperfusion via the portal vein. The incidence of PRS was evaluated. RESULTS: We observed a PRS in two patients (3.6%), four patients (7.1%) had a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20-29%, 18 patients (32.2%) of 10-19%, 27 patients (48.2%) of 1-9% and five patients (8.9%) had a small increase in MAP. DISCUSSION: Our retrospective study showed that retrograde reperfusion seems to maintain stability during the reperfusion phase. Hemodynamic disturbances during LTX were uncommon, leading us to suppose that the incidence of PRS could be diminished with retrograde reperfusion.     

Results of esophagus extirpation without thoracotomy

Between January 1978 and May 1988 229 patients have been treated because of malignant and benign conditions of the oesophagus by oesophagectomy without thoracotomy at the Surgical University Hospital "Doce de Octubre" Madrid. 132 patients suffered from oesophageal carcinoma, 68 from carcinoma of the cardia, 9 from carcinoma of the hypopharynx and 20 from different benign oesophageal diseases. Tumor staging and surgical tactics are described. The postoperative mortality was 6.9%, which could principally be put down to respiratory complications (31.2%). The 5-year survival rate of oesophageal carcinoma was 11.9%, that of cardial carcinoma 48.3%.     

Respiratory distress in Pierre Robin: successful use of pharyngeal tube

Background/Purpose

The study describes a safe and least aggressive method to resolve airway obstruction in children born with a Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).

Methods

In a retrospective study, we analyzed the assessment of airway obstruction at birth and for the following months. The definition of PRS was based on the anatomical anomaly triad cleft palate, micro/retrognathia, and glossoptosis with some degree of airway obstruction. We defined 3 categories of children depending on their difficulties of breathing or eating at birth.

Results

From 1984 to 2004, 48 children were born in our hospital with a diagnosis of PRS. There were 32 children with nonsyndromic PRS (nsPRS) and 16 with syndromic PRS (sPRS): respectively, 40% (13) and 32% (5) had slight respiratory and/or feeding problems; 26% (8) and 56% (9), isolated feeding difficulties; 34% (11) and 12% (2), severe respiratory and feeding problems. Pharyngeal tube was used in 8 children with nsPRS and in 2 with sPRS. Neonatal surgery was not necessary. Primary palatoplasty was performed at almost the same time as for the patients with isolated cleft palate.

Conclusions

Children born with PRS have a good prognosis at birth provided that adequate respiratory support is given using either positive airway pressure mask or pharyngeal tube.