多通道肺音采集系统设计

目的：设计一种多通道肺音采集系统。方法：系统采用增强型的32位基于ARM核心的微控制器STM32F103ZET6作为核心控制芯片。电容传声器将采集到的肺音信号转换为电信号,设计多路放大滤波电路对肺音电信号进行处理,微控制器通过控制4通道串行输出AD转换芯片ADS8341实现多通道数据采集,采用SD卡作为存储介质用以存储所采集的肺音信号,采用液晶显示器作为人机界面,显示操作提示信息或系统工作状态。结果：可以同时采集1-4通道的肺音数据,采样频率为8789 Hz,数据采样精度为16位,单次可连续存储30s-60s的肺音数据。结论：系统操作简便,体积较小,肺音数据以WAV格式的音频文件存储于SD卡中。计算机可以方便地读取SD卡中肺音数据,进行肺音音频播放,还可以对肺音数据进行进一步的分析处理。系统能准确地采集多通道肺音数据,数据存储快速、可靠,数据读取方便,能满足临床医生采集肺音数据的需求。     

基于SoC的医用内窥镜高清视频显示系统

目的 开发一种基于SoC的医用内窥镜高清视频显示系统,以满足高分辨率和高实时显示的要求.方法 使用CMOS摄像头采集视频数据.使用集成有双核ARM Crotex-A9处理器和FPGA的SoC芯片作为核心,利用SoC的HPS搭建嵌入式系统实现人机交互,利用FPGA实现视频数据的处理和缓存.使用ARM AMBA AXI总线桥接宽带系统连接HPS和FPGA,以实现缓存的视频数据经编码后在显示屏上的实时显示.结果 搭建了一个基于SoC的高清视频显示系统,实现了高清视频数据采集、处理及实时显示、视频冻结等功能.结论 结果表明该方案有效可行,并具有可定制性、可多次开发、视频显示实时性好等优点.     

基于linux平台的医学影像软件系统设计与应用

背景：随着VTK和ITK两个软件开发包的研制成功,医学影像领域内的研究人员越来越重视本领域内的软件开发问题。 目的：开发一种结合VTK和ITK的医学影像软件系统。 方法：首先对可视化软件包和图像处理包整合,进而基于整合框架对体数据进行处理、同步可视化和测量分析,最后结合病历信息与医学影像分析数据建立管理系统,在linux平台上对该软件系统进行了实现,利用上气道CT体数据对系统进行了测试。 结果与结论：该系统能够结合VTK和ITK对体数据进行可视化和图像处理,基于MySQL数据库对病历信息和医学影像数据进行合理管理,体积、长度等测量精度都在1%之内。     

Semiautomatic three-dimensional knee motion assessment system

A semiautomatic three-dimensional knee motion assessment system has been developed based on an optoelectric motion tracking system connected to an IBM-compatible computer. Critical decisions made in implementing the software component of the system include the modelling of the thigh and lower leg segments, calculating the knee angles, reaction forces, and moments; the file structure used and the format of the programs used to process the data are outlined. Once the subject-specific data have been collected, the system of programs requires no other user-intervention during processing. Also, selected curve parameters are automatically extracted from the output and combined with the subject-specific data that include precision X-ray and anthropometric data, which are all added to a knee motion assessment database. The automated portion of the system frees the experimenter from data processing and allows concentration on data analysis.     

Computer aided detection of clusters of microcalcifications on full field digital mammograms

We are developing a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to identify microcalcification clusters (MCCs) automatically on full field digital mammograms (FFDMs). The CAD system includes six stages: preprocessing; image enhancement; segmentation of microcalcification candidates; false positive (FP) reduction for individual microcalcifications; regional clustering; and FP reduction for clustered microcalcifications. At the stage of FP reduction for individual microcalcifications, a truncated sum-of-squares error function was used to improve the efficiency and robustness of the training of an artificial neural network in our CAD system for FFDMs. At the stage of FP reduction for clustered microcalcifications, morphological features and features derived from the artificial neural network outputs were extracted from each cluster. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to select the features. An LDA classifier was then used to differentiate clustered microcalcifications from FPs. A data set of 96 cases with 192 images was collected at the University of Michigan. This data set contained 96 MCCs, of which 28 clusters were proven by biopsy to be malignant and 68 were proven to be benign. The data set was separated into two independent data sets for training and testing of the CAD system in a cross-validation scheme. When one data set was used to train and validate the convolution neural network (CNN) in our CAD system, the other data set was used to evaluate the detection performance. With the use of a truncated error metric, the training of CNN could be accelerated and the classification performance was improved. The CNN in combination with an LDA classifier could substantially reduce FPs with a small tradeoff in sensitivity. By using the free-response receiver operating characteristic methodology, it was found that our CAD system can achieve a cluster-based sensitivity of 70, 80, and 90 % at 0.21, 0.61, and 1.49 FPs/image, respectively. For case-based performance evaluation, a sensitivity of 70, 80, and 90 % can be achieved at 0.07, 0.17, and 0.65 FPs/image, respectively. We also used a data set of 216 mammograms negative for clustered microcalcifications to further estimate the FP rate of our CAD system. The corresponding FP rates were 0.15, 0.31, and 0.86 FPs/image for cluster-based detection when negative mammograms were used for estimation of FP rates.     

Automated data collection and analysis system for MOSFET radiation detectors

Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) have been used as radiation dosimeters. Because of their small detector size, minimal power requirements, and signal integration characteristics, they offer unique possibilities as real-time dose monitors in radiotherapy. An automated data collection and analysis system for use with MOSFET radiation dosimeters has been designed and built. The objective was to design a system which can acquire and process the MOSFET signals in real time, in any radiation field encountered in radiotherapy. In particular, major problems have been solved arising from the intrinsic drifts of the MOSFET signal during low dose rate measurements. These signal drifts are significant when the MOSFET detector is used in applications such as on-line monitoring of radiation dose delivery in brachytherapy or radioimmunotherapy. The data collection and analysis system includes a portable IBM-compatible personal computer fitted with digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converter boards. A single-chip programmable current supply is used to power the MOSFET dosimeters. Intrinsic and extrinsic drifts in signal due to ion diffusion and electron tunneling are corrected by deconvolution of the collected data in real time or after data collection. The data acquisition system and signal-processing methodologies are described.     

脊柱生物力学信号智能分析系统的研究

目的为脊柱生物力学测试平台开发一套信号智能分析系统,对不同采集装置产生的海量数据进行格式规范与整合,实现对数据的科学管理和快速处理。方法利用OptotrakCertus运动测量系统、MTS材料试验机和USB数据采集卡,以Matlab和MySQL为软件开发平台,搭建脊柱生物力学信号智能分析系统。对脊柱模型的生物力学性能进行测试,测试参数主要包括脊柱各节段运动角度、加载力矩。结果由系统自动处理得到的脊柱各节段运动角度变化规律,与力及力矩载荷的变化一致。结论本系统能有效应用于脊柱及其内固定器械的生物力学测试中。     

Application of grey system theory in telecare

As a superiority to conventional statistical models, grey models require only a limited amount of data to estimate the behaviour of unknown systems. Grey system theory can be used in the effective factor assessment, and used in large samples where data are not available or uncertain whether the data was representative. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to adopt grey system theory to discuss older adult users' opinions on the telecare and its effect on their quality of life. This study surveyed the older adult users of Taiwan as subjects. User perception of the telecare services was collected via face-to-face interview. The grey system theory was used to examine the model. The results showed that the overall living quality has the greatest effect on the perceived effects of the telecare on their quality of life, followed by the acquisition of information, accessibility of medical care services, and safety. This finding may serve as a reference to future studies and it also shows that the grey system theory is a feasible analysis method.     

生物氧耗微机分析系统及其应用

本文介绍了一种测定生物氧耗的微机数据分析系统及其使用方法。该技术在服了传统方法测试氧耗操作不便,以及采集和分析数据困难的缺点。本系统具有自动设定、采集、存取和分析多项实验数据的功能,可用于测量组织、细胞和线粒体的氧耗。     

跨平台的个人健康管理系统的设计

详细的健康信息对于个人健康和医院诊断有着十分重要的价值,为了帮助人们更方便的参与健康信息的管理,获取更多、更有价值的健康数据,本研究从用户实际需求的角度出发,设计并实现了一款跨平台的个人健康管理系统。该系统网站端选用vs2010作为开发环境,前端选用HTML+CSS+JavaScript语言,后端选用C#语言,将用户的健康数据存入到SQL Server数据库中,手机端选用Eclipse开发环境,Java语言。最终实现了一款包含网站和手机APP在内的个人健康管理系统。用户通过该系统能够方便的对自己和家人的健康信息进行管理,对健康数据进行权限设置和预警提醒并与医生取得在线交流,从而帮助用户达到保持健康的目的。     

Use of recovery coefficients as a test of system linearity of response in positron emission tomography (PET)

Quantitative determination of activity concentration has always been regarded as a goal of PET scanner design. Therefore, a linear response with respect to activity concentration is essential. To prove system linearity of response a test is proposed based on the determination of recovery coefficients (RC) for different object geometries. If all degrading effects, especially scatter and attenuation, are corrected to a sufficient degree of accuracy, the system behaves linearly resulting in a theoretical relationship between hot (HSRC) and cold spot recovery coefficients (CSRC). Therefore this relationship, applied to appropriate phantom data containing hot or cold spheres, combined with the constraints on asymptotic behaviour of RC can be used as a test of system linearity of response. After applying the system's standard corrections RC were determined using both 2D and 3D data acquisition modes. For both 2D and 3D data, HSRC directly measured showed an excellent agreement with the HSRC calculated from the CSRC. The analysis was extended to radionuclides of different positron ranges, to the effect of data smoothing, and to that of iterative reconstruction. The agreement between the RC determined under varying border conditions demonstrates the effectiveness of the corrections used in constituting system linearity. Therefore, the method proposed is used as a test of system linearity of response.     

The Ballistocardiogram Signal Monitoring System Based on the GSM Network

Ballistocardiogram signal monitoring system based on GSM network was put forward in this paper. The system included a BCG signal acquisition module, a data processing module, a display module and a GSM module. The STM32F103 VB microprocessor was used as the controlling core of the signal acquisition module. BCG signal acquisition, amplification, filtering and A/D conversion were completed by the resistance strain sensor and high precision A/D conversion chip of TM7708; VB6.0software was used to realize the BCG signal analysis and processing; the SD card and LCD completed data storage and waveform display; the BCG data remote transmission and alarm function were realized through the GSM module. The system cannot only real-time monitor the changes of heart rate of patients by non-contact means, and can process data automatically, timely detection of arrhythmia and automatic alarm. The system is particularly suitable for heart disease patients receiving long-term home care; therefore, it has a broad application prospect.     

EEG data filing system with personal computer and magneto-optical disc

We established a new computerized EEG filing system, in which an EEG machine was connected to an EEG filing unit which consisted of a personal computer with a 32 bit CPU, 18 channel analog -to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and a magneto-optical disc driver. This system has the following merits. The system was space-saving, the space required to store the EEG data, being only 1/500 of that required for storing EEG record. Though the system had two independent EEG filing units, our original file configuration enabled us to have access to all of the recorded EEG data anytime for more than 10 years. The system enabled us to display EEG data continuously on the high resolution CRT, just as if turning the page of an EEG record paper, and through the quick scanning, enabled us to view the entire EEG pattern. Furthermore, the system enabled us to conduct reliable digital analysis for EEG data by entering the EEG data without artifacts into a data processor after confirmation on the display. In the system, we used data files with the MS-DOS operating system. This enabled us to analyze the data obtained by a personal computer operating on other systems, by transferring the data to a floppy disc operating on our system. Our EEG filing system allows quick access to data as well as mass data storage.     

Microbiology subsystem of a total, dedicated laboratory computer system.

The computer system used by the Microbiology Service of the Clinical Pathology Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health is discussed. This microbiology subsystem is a part of a dedicated on-line laboratory computer system used by the entire department. The laboratory computer is connected on-line to a hospital computer which provides patient admission, transfer, and discharge data. Mark sense worksheets and cathode ray tube terminals are used for result entry and correction. Cumulative patient reports are printed. Results for both active and completed accessions can be easily retrieved on cathode ray terminals in the laboratory. All laboratory data are archived on magnetic tape from which a research data base and microfiched laboratory records are generated. The manner in which the system is integrated in the routine operation of the microbiology laboratory is emphasized. In addition, some of the costs, benefits, liabilities, and pitfalls associated with the introduction of the computer in the laboratory are reviewed. Finally, we have presented our concept of some of the future enhancements to our present system and some of the directions in which any future microbiology system might develop.     

足底压力信号采集分析系统设计

目的 足底压力数据可为下肢关节性疾病的康复过程进行评估，基于此设计了足底压力信号采集分析与评定系统。 方法 系统分为数据采集模块和数据接收、处理模块，分析结果采用可移动端和电脑端两种模式显示，可移动端以 OLED 屏 显示足底压力中心（COP）轨迹结果值，电脑端利用 LabVIEW 和 Matlab 软件联合编程，并以图形化的界面进行足底压力实 时动态显示。结果 通过对试验者进行模拟测试，该系统可以获得准确的测试结果。结论 该系统具有一定的可靠性和稳定性， 后期通过增加对压力数据的分析算法，来获取其它有意义的数据指标。     

Bio-Image Warehouse System: Concept and Implementation of a Diagnosis-Based Data Warehouse for Advanced Imaging Modalities in Neuroradiology

Advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), chemical shift spectroscopy imaging (CSI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) create novel challenges in terms of data storage and management: huge amounts of raw data are generated, the results of analysis may depend on the software and settings that have been used, and most often intermediate files are inherently not compliant with the current DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) standard, as they contain multidimensional complex and tensor arrays and various other types of data structures. A software architecture, referred to as Bio-Image Warehouse System (BIWS), which can be used alongside a radiology information system/picture archiving and communication system (RIS/PACS) system to store neuroimaging data for research purposes, is presented. The system architecture is conceived with the purpose of enabling to query by diagnosis according to a predefined two-layered classification taxonomy. The operational impact of the system and the time needed to get acquainted with the web-based interface and with the taxonomy are found to be limited. The development of modules enabling automated creation of statistical templates is proposed.     

Analysis of single-unit firing patterns in multi-unit intrafascicular recordings

A system for extracting single-unit activity patterns from multi-unit neural recordings was tested using real and simulated neural data. The system provided reliable estimates of firing frequency for individual units in simulated multi-unit data and allowed reliable determinations of the responses of individual cutaneous mechanoreceptor units to ‘natural’ stimuli such as brushing or pressing on the skin. An implementation of the system, which operated online and in real time, was used to obtain estimates of multiple, single-unit responses from multi-unit intrafascicular electrode recordings. The pattern of activity across the population of units in a given recording gave a reliable indication of the type of stimulus that had evoked the activity. It was concluded that this system, used in combination with intrafascicular peripheral nerve recordings, could be used to provide online, real-time information about peripheral stimuli.     

Data acquisition and on-line analysis of experiments on isolated cardiac muscle with a PDP-12/PDP-11 system

A data-acquisition system has been constructed which collects, reduces, and stores data obtained by digitalisation of contraction curves and transmembrane action potentials. The system consists of an interface directly connected to the experiment, a digital multiplexer, and an interface to a PDP-12/PDP-11 computer system. A maximum of six laboratories with three analogue or 12-bit digital channels each, can be handled simultaneously by the system. The PDP-12, which only serves as a buffer, collects the data from the different laboratories and transmits them to the PDP-11. The data acquisition is controlled by a handler, which runs in the foreground of the PDP-11-foreground/background monitor. By means of a code which heads each data block and which can be chosen by the user, the PDP-11 selects the kind of evaluation, reduces, and stores the data. Because of its flexibility the system can easily be used for other physiological measurements.     

Practical applications of OCIS,a clinical information system for oncology

The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center has developed OCIS, a computer based data system to aid medical personnel in making clinical decisions. All patients seen in the Center are entered into the system. Data is collected, analyzed and presented in formats designed to show the relationship between related clinical and laboratory data. Graphic plots are used to facilitate the detection of long and short term trends in the changing clinical status of individual patients. The system also provides major support for clinical research. An example of the use of this system is presented using data from patients with multiple myeloma.     

Computer-aided analysis of locomotion data

This paper describes a set of data reduction programs that are used to manipulate a data base derived from cine film records of cats moving on a treadmill or overground.The current system runs on a CDC 6400 computer. The programs are coded primarily in FORTRAN IV. They permit convenient searching for user-specified subclasses of data, performing statistical analyses, displaying plots of data clusters and locomotion patterns, and conditioning the data for subsequent analysis with SPSS.Some basic concepts in locomotion analysis are reviewed, and examples of the data analysis and classification capabilities of the system are presented.