45例骨转移疼痛不同分割剂量放疗疗效分析

[目的]探讨不同分割剂量放疗对骨转移癌止痛的疗效。[方法]45例骨转移癌病人采用三种不同分割剂量放疗,分别为DT40Gy/(20F·4w)、DT30Gy/(10F·2w)和DT20Gy/(5F·1w)。[结果]患者止痛有效率为88.89%(40/45),其中25例获得完全缓解。DT40Gy/(20F·4w)组、DT30Gy/(10F·2w)组及DT20Gy/(5F·1w)组的CR率分别为63.64%、57.14%、33.33%;PR率分别为36.36%、32.14%和33.33%,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。[结论]不同分割剂量放疗对骨转移癌疼痛的缓解程度无影响。     

43例鼻咽癌的调强适形放射治疗体会

目的介绍调强适形放射(IMRT)治疗鼻咽癌的效果。方法对43例初治或复发鼻咽癌患者给予IMRT,将照射靶体积划分为鼻咽大体肿瘤体积(GTVnx)、颈部大体肿瘤体积(GTVnd)、临床靶体积1(CTV1)、临床靶体积2(CTV2)。处方剂量GTVnx68Gy~74Gy,GTVnd60Gy~66Gy,CTV160Gy,CTV254Gy;共30次。34例接受放化综合治疗,9例接受单纯放疗。结果GTVnx、GTVnd、CTV1、CTV2的平均剂量分别为72.40Gy、67.83Gy、60.25Gy和64.85Gy。中位随访期9个月,局部无进展生存率100%;1例放疗后4月出现肝和肺转移。结论IMRT技术对初治或复发鼻咽癌病例均可获得理想的剂量分布,正常组织得到很好的保护,毒副反应可以耐受,临床疗效令人满意。     

鼻咽癌同期加速调强适形放射治疗疗效分析

目的 观察鼻咽癌同期加速调强适形放疗(SMART)可行性和近期疗效.方法 对42例病理确诊鼻咽癌初治患者实施SMART,局部晚期患者予辅助化疗.鼻咽大体肿瘤体积(GTVnx)和颈部转移淋巴结(GTVnd)70 Gy分30次完成;鼻咽区域及舌骨以上颈部临床靶区(CTVI)处方剂量为66 Gy分30次完成,下颈部锁骨上区域(CTV2)剂量为54 Gy或60 Gy分30次完成.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存率、局部无进展率、无远处转移生存率;用RTOG/EORTC标准评价急性放射反应和晚期损伤;利用剂量体积直方图评价靶体积和敏感器官受照剂量.结果 放疗结束肿瘤完全缓解(CR)83.3%(35/42),部分缓解(PR)16.7%(7/42).总有效率100%.中位随访时间29个月(7～49个月),1、2、3年总生存率分别为97.6%、97.6%和93.2%;无复发生存率分别为97.3%、94.2%和94.2%;无远处转移生存率分别为97.4%、93.7%和78.7%.多数患者为2～3级急性反应和晚期损伤.GTVnx和GTVnd≥95%处方剂量的体积比分别为99.8%和99.6%.重要器官的平均受量均低于其耐受剂量,与肿瘤病灶对侧的腮腺(健侧)50%体积平均受量≤30.7 Gy,与肿瘤病灶同侧(患侧)≤38.5 Gy,健侧腮腺获得更好的保护.结论 鼻咽癌同期加速调强适形放疗靶区适形程度高,均匀度好,急性反应多数患者可耐受;减轻了放疗引发的口干;获理想的局部区域控制和总生存率.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌73例放化疗综合治疗的临床研究

目的:回顾性分析两种不同的放化疗综合治疗方案对局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效、急性反应和晚期损伤。方法:初治鼻咽癌患者73例,分为常规放疗加化疗综合治疗组(RT CT)42例和调强放疗加化疗组(IMRT CT)31例。常规放疗鼻咽部剂量70～76Gy,肿大淋巴结60～65Gy,颈部预防剂量50Gy;调强放疗设鼻咽部大体肿瘤为GTVnx、颈部阳性淋巴结GTVnd、高危临床靶体积CTV1和低危临床靶体积CTV2。处方剂量分别为GTVnx(70.6～76.6)Gy/(31～33)f、GTVnd(61.6～70.6)Gy/(28～33)f、CTV156Gy/28f、CTV2(50.4～53.2)Gy/28f,化疗方案包括诱导、同期与辅助。结果:中位随访时间20个月,全组2年和3年的局部区域无复发率、无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为83.3%、90.9%、86.2%和78.9%、89.5%、84.3%;(RT CT)组分别为70.0%、85.0%、77.6%和70.0%、80.6%、60.4%;(IMRT CT)组分别为88.9%、95.5%、100%和88.9%、95.5%、100%。Log-rank生存比较显示,(RT CT)组与(IMRT CT)组的局部区域无复发率与总生存率比较差异有统计学意义,P值分别为0.045和0.021。结论:IM-RT加化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌可获得理想的局部区域控制和总生存率。     

GP方案同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期临床观察

为了观察和比较吉西他滨联合顺铂(GP)及氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂(FP)同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的近期疗效和耐受性,将经病理确诊的局部晚期鼻咽癌(T3-4N1-3M0)患者56例,分为GP组27例和FP组29例.GP组化疗在放疗第1,5周给予吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,d1,d8+顺铂25 mg/m2,d1～d3,静脉滴入.FP组化疗在放疗第1,5周给予5-FU 500 mg/m2,d1～d5+顺铂25 mg/m2,d1～d3,静脉滴入.两组放疗方案相同,均为飞利浦直线加速器(能量为6MV X线)常规照射,鼻咽部总放疗剂量(70～72)Gy/(35～36)次,2 Gy/次,颈部淋巴结总放疗剂量(60～70)Gy/(30～35)次,2 Gy/次.治疗结束后行肿瘤疗效评价,GP组近期有效率为100%,CR 21例;FP组有效率为96.6%,CR 18例.GP组与FP组Ⅲ～Ⅵ级恶心、呕吐发生率分别为11.1%、13.8%(P>0.05),骨髓抑制发生率分别为29.6%、17.2%(P<0.05),皮肤反应发生率分别为18.5%、27.6%(P<0.05),口腔黏膜反应发生率分别为14.8%、24.1%(P<0.05).初步研究结果提示,采用GP方案同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效优于FP方案,毒副反应可耐受,值得临床应用.     

同期推量调强放疗联合化疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效分析

目的:探讨同期推量调强放疗(sMART)并化疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效及毒副反应.方法:采用多叶光栅的静态调强技术实施IMRT,鼻咽肿瘤(GTVnx)和颈部阳性淋巴结(GTVnd)处方剂量为66～72 GY,分次剂量为2.2～2.4 Gy;鼻咽亚临床病灶及中上颈部淋巴引流区域(CTV1)处方剂量为60 Gy,2.0 Gy/次;下颈部锁骨上淋巴引流区域(CTV2)处方剂量为54 Gy,1.8 Gy/次.56例患者放疗同期给予2个周期顺铂单药化疗;31例放疗同期给予2个周期PF+CF方案的化疗.放疗结束后1个月均行PF方案辅助化疗3～4个周期.结果:中位随访46个月(19～69个月),1、2、3年总生存率分别为100.0%、94.6%和91.3%.PF+CF方案同步化疗组与单药DDP组疗效相似,但前者的急性黏膜反应明显高于后者.结论:SMART技术减少周围正常组织损伤的同时,可提高靶区内生物等效剂量.同步放化疗提高了中晚期鼻咽癌患者的肿瘤控制率及生存率,单药DDP作为同步放化疗药物耐受性较好.     

甘氨双唑钠对鼻咽癌放射增敏作用的临床观察

[目的]研究甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）对鼻咽癌放射治疗的增敏作用以及毒副反应。[方法]将46例经病理学确诊的初治鼻咽癌患者分为放射增敏组（A组,放疗加用甘氨双唑钠）和对照组（B组,单纯放疗）。两组放射治疗方法完全相同,整体挡铅法体外常规放射治疗,鼻咽部DT（68～76）Gy/（34～36）次,6～7周,颈转移淋巴结DT（68～72）Gy/（34～36）次,6～7周,颈部预防量DT56Gy/28次,5～6周。A组在放疗前1h静脉滴注CMNa800mg/m2,每周3次,至放疗结束,B组行单纯常规放疗。[结果]放射增敏组和单纯放疗组放疗结束鼻咽癌原发灶CR率分别为87.5%、59.1%（P=0.028）;颈淋巴结转移灶CR率分别为79.1%、45.5%（P=0.018）,放疗后2～3个月,颈淋巴结转移灶CR率分别为87.5%、45.5%（P=0.002）。鼻咽癌原发灶和颈淋巴结转移灶达部分缓解时放射增敏比（SER）分别为1.49和1.40,达完全缓解时SER分别为1.21和1.18。两组患者放疗毒副反应比较差异无统计学意义。[结论]CMNa能提高鼻咽癌放射治疗完全缓解率,降低达缓解时所需剂量,且不增加放疗毒副反应。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌同期调强放化疗联合辅助化疗的临床疗效

目的观察同期调强放射治疗联合辅助化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者49例,按92福州分期Ⅲ期30例,ⅣA期19例。鼻咽和上颈部靶体积采用IMRT技术照射,下颈部和锁骨上靶体积采用下颈前切野常规照射。调强放疗设鼻咽大体肿瘤为GTVnx、颈部阳性淋巴结GTVnd、高危临床靶体积CTV1和低危临床靶体积CTV2。处方剂量分别为GTVnx 73.9Gy/33次、GTVnd及CTV166Gy/33次、CTV2(504~594)Gy/(28~33)次。按EORTC或RTOG标准评价急性反应。全组患者均给与同期化疗,放疗结束予3周期辅助化疗。结果中位随访28月,1、2年局部控制率100％,97．96％,1、2年总生存率(OS) 均为97．96％,1、2年无远处转移生存率95.92％、93.89％。结论局部晚期鼻咽癌同期调强放化疗联合辅助化疗可获得较理想的局部区域控率和总生存率。3~4级急性黏膜炎和3～4级血液系统不良反应是化疗的剂量限制性因素。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌调强放疗联合化疗135例临床分析

目的:评价局部晚期鼻咽癌新辅助化疗加同期调强放疗及辅助化疗综合治疗的临床疗效。方法:初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者135例中,Ⅲ期71例,Ⅳ期64例。122例完成新辅助化疗+同期化疗+辅助化疗,13例由于各种原因只接受了1～4个周期化疗。全组患者均采用全靶区调强放射治疗,处方剂量:GTVnx(69.0～75.9)Gy/(30～33)f、PGTVnx(69.0～69.9)Gy/(30～33)f、PTV1 60.0Gy/(30～33)f、PTV2(50.9～54.0)Gy/(28～30)f、GTVnd(67.5～69.9)Gy/(30～33)f。化疗方案:新辅助化疗和辅助化疗用PF方案,奈达铂(NDP)30mg/(m2.d),d1～d3;5-FU 500mg/(m2.d),d1～d3或5-FU 800mg/(m2.d)持续静脉滴入(CIV)72～120h,21d为1个周期。同步化疗用NDP或DDP 30mg/(m2.d),d1～d3,21d为1个周期。结果:中位随访40个月,3年局部控制率、区域控制率、无远处转移生存率、无瘤生存率、总生存率分别为95.6%、95.6%、85.0%、80.5%和90.4%。结论:调强放疗联合化疗提高了局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的生存率,远处转移仍然是治疗失败的主要原因。     

鼻咽癌40例放化疗同步治疗近期疗效观察

目的　探讨中晚期鼻咽癌放疗合并同步化疗的治疗效果。方法　对 40例中晚期鼻咽癌患者于60 Co放疗开始同时行同步化疗 ,三周重复 ,共化疗三个疗程 ,放疗原发灶剂量DT70Gy/ 3 5次 ,颈部淋巴结转移灶总剂量DT60Gy/3 0次。结果　放、化疗全部结束后 ,颈部淋巴结全部消失 16例 ,退缩 >5 0 %者 18例 ,总有效率CR85 % (3 4/ 40 ) ;原发灶退缩CR90 % (3 6/ 40 ) ,PR10 % (4 / 40 )。结论　NPC患者放疗和同步化疗发挥空间协同作用 ,达到同时治疗原发病灶和微转移病灶的目的 ,明显提高治疗效果 ,提高疗效和完全缓解。     

洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜癌的临床观察

目的 分析洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery, CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, HIPEC）治疗腹膜癌（peritoneal carcinoma, PC）的围手术期安全性及疗效。 方法 PC患者行CRS+HIPEC治疗,药物为洛铂50 mg/m2、多西他赛60 mg/m²,加入12 000 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液加热至（43±0.5）℃持续灌注60 min。记录术后6天体温和心率变化、围手术期不良事件、血常规及血生化指标、术后患者恢复情况及生存结果。结果 90例PC患者行95次CRS+HIPEC,手术时间180~450 min (中位数485 min）;术后6天最高体温、心率分别为36.4℃~38.6℃（中位数37.5℃）、76~124 bpm（中位数100 bpm）,严重不良事件16例,包括围手术期死亡2例。中位生存期20.8月（95%CI: 13.1~25.8月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为75.6%、45.6%、43.3%。 结论 洛铂联合多西他赛进行CRS+HIPEC治疗PC安全性可接受,有助于延长患者生存期。     

Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy: Best Surgical Management for DCR

EEDCR is a highly rewarding Endoscopic procedure for management of dacryocystitis when epiphora does not respond to medications or repeated syringing of nasolacrimal duct. It is a simple, less time consuming, safe but skilful, highly satisfying surgery both for the patients as well as the surgeons. There is very big advantage of EEDCR, it is close 100% successful procedure, even if there is recurrence of epiphora it is again correctable fully with no residual affects. EEDCR is far more superior to External DCR/Laser DCR and there are definite reasons for it. A total number of 578 cases have been operated by me from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2011, only very few reoccurrences were there and they were corrected easily so much so that it can be said that it is a close 100% successful procedure and best surgical management of DACRYOCYSTITIS up to date. The successful outcome was defined as symptomatic relief from epiphora and dacryocystitis and a patent nasolacrimal duct upon syringing at the end of procedure and on follow up of patient.     

参麦注射液对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的　观察参麦注射液 (SMI)对阿霉素 (ADM )诱导大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用和抗氧化作用。方法　选用ADM诱导大鼠心肌损伤模型。SD大鼠 60只 ,随机分为 3个组 ,每组 2 0只 ,分别为正常组、治疗组、对照组。正常组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。治疗组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射参麦注射液 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天 ,第 4天注射阿霉素 ,隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。对照组实验 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。第 4天注射阿霉素 ,以后隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。到期测定血丙二醛 (MDA )含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD )活性 ,并进行心肌病理检查。结果　对照组MDA水平明显高于治疗组 ,对照组SOD水平则显著低于治疗组 ,即加用SMI可提高SOD活性 ,降低MDA含量。SMI能明显减轻大鼠心肌损伤 ,对照组与治疗组比较 ,治疗组心肌损伤明显减轻 ,治疗组与正常组比较无显著性差异。参麦注射液有抗氧化作用 ,与对照组比较 ,血SOD水平升高 ,MDA水平降低 ,心肌病理计分下降。结论参麦注射液有抗氧化作用和对阿霉素所引起的心脏毒性具有保护作用 ,为临床寻找有效的阿霉素所致心肌损伤保护药物提供良好的客观依据 ,值得临床推广应用     

Denosumab in patients with cancer and skeletal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and safety of denosumab in reducing skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with bone metastases.

Methods

A literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Collaboration Library identified relevant controlled clinical trials up-to-March 14, 2012. Two independent reviewers assessed studies for inclusion, according to predetermined criteria, and extracted relevant data. The primary outcomes of interest were SRE, time to first on-study SRE, and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included pain, quality of life, bone turnover markers (BTM), and adverse events.

Results

Six controlled trials including 6142 patients were analyzed. Compared to zoledronic acid, denosumab had lower incidence of SRE with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.80–0.88), delayed the onset of first on-study SRE (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.90) and time to worsening of pain (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.91). No difference was observed in overall survival with pooled hazard ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90–1.0). For total adverse events, denosumab was similar to zoledronic acid (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.89–1.0). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of osteonecrosis of the jaw (RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.92–2.1). Patients on denosumab had a greater risk of developing hypocalcemia (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6–2.3).

Conclusions

Denosumab was more effective than zoledronic acid in reducing the incidence of SRE, and delayed the time to SRE. No differences were found between denosumab and zoledronic acid in reducing overall mortality, or in the frequency of overall adverse events.     

体内诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞的耐药性研究

肿瘤细胞耐药性的存在是临床化疗失败的主要原因之一。本实验在小鼠体内用阿霉素（ADR）诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞（EHR）的耐药性，探讨细胞产生耐药性的机理。HPLC法测定细胞内药物浓度．结果表明耐药细胞─—EHR/ADR细胞内ADR积聚低于EHR细胞，而对ADR外排快于EHR细胞；异博定（VER）增加EHR／ADR细胞对ADR的摄取并阻滞其外排．而对EHR影响不大，揭示EHR／ADR细胞具有MDR特性。     

Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of palliative oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in cancer patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomised controlled trials, comparing oxygen and medical air in cancer patients not qualifying for home oxygen therapy. Abstracts were reviewed and studies were selected using Cochrane methodology. The included studies provided oxygen at rest or during a 6-min walk. The primary outcome was dyspnoea. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were used to combine scores. Five studies were identified; one was excluded from meta-analysis due to data presentation. Individual patient data were obtained from the authors of the three of the four remaining studies (one each from England, Australia, and the United States). A total of 134 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Oxygen failed to improve dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic cancer patients (SMD=-0.09, 95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.04; P=0.16). Results were stable to a sensitivity analysis, excluding studies requiring the use of imputed quantities. In this small meta-analysis, oxygen did not provide symptomatic benefit for cancer patients with refractory dyspnoea, who would not normally qualify for home oxygen therapy. Further study of the use of oxygen in this population is warranted given its widespread use.     

邻近腋窝的上皮样血管内皮瘤1例报道

We described a case of a 71-year-old woman with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in her left axilla,a rare location which hasn't been reported yet. The patient suffered from numbness, pain and decreased muscle strength of her left upper extremity. Sonography revealed a hypoechoic mass surrounded the axillary artery and brachial artery. No obvious capsule was demonstrated. CT showed a soft-tissue mass with some calcifications and peripheral ring-like en-hancement. The MRI indicated a mass with mainly intermediate signal intensity on Tl-weighted imagine and intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted imagine. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination after surgery. There are some correlations of these imaging features with its histopathologic characters.     

GF方案与TP方案一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床对照研究

Objective  

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacies of initial gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) 1st-line chemotherapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and observe their side effects.     

鼻咽癌患者放射性骨坏死引起的正电子显像假阳性结果1例及文献复习

目的:探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)患者放射性骨坏死(osteoradionecrosis,ORN)引起正电子假阳性结果的原因及避免因此引发诊断错误的方法。方法:回顾性分析1例放疗后的鼻咽癌患者,行鼻咽部MRI及正电子显像后,再行组织病理学检查,对三种结果进行分析、比较。结果:MRI及正电子显像均诊断患者颅底区域肿瘤复发,组织病理学结果则显示鼻咽部病灶为放射性骨坏死。因此正电子扫描结果为假阳性结果。结论:鼻咽癌患者放疗后所致的放射性骨坏死容易引起正电子显像假阳性结果并可能引发不必要的治疗,因此NPC患者的正电子图像,对于可能的局限性肿瘤复发诊断,应该非常慎重。     

Bortezomib-related neuropathy may mask CNS relapse in multiple myeloma: A call for diligence

Background: Neuropathy is a common adverse effect of bortezomib. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse in MM remains exceedingly rare and carries a dismal prognosis. We present an unusual case of bortezomib related neuropathy masking a CNS relapse of MM. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female was diagnosed with standard-risk MM with clinical and cytogenetic features not typically associated with CNS involvement. She was treated with 4 cycles of bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone (VCD) and achieved a VGPR, after which she underwent an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by bortezomib maintenance. Six months after ASCT she developed symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy which was attributed to bortezomib. However the symptoms persisted despite discontinuation of bortezomib. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis subsequently confirmed a CNS relapse. Discussion: CNS involvement in MM (CNS-MM) is uncommon and is considered an aggressive disease. Recently published literature has reported biomarkers with prognostic potential. However, isolated CNS relapse is even less common; an event which carries a very poor prognosis. Given the heterogeneous neurologic manifestations associated with MM, clinical suspicion may be masked by confounding factors such as bortezomib-based therapy. The disease may further remain incognito if the patient does not exhibit any of the high risk features and biomarkers associated with CNS involvement. Conclusion: In the era of proteasome inhibitor (PtdIns)/immunomodulator (IMID)-based therapy for MM which carries neurologic adverse effects, it is prudent to consider CNS relapse early. This case further highlights the need for more robust biomarkers to predict CNS relapse and use of newer novel agents which demonstrate potential for CNS penetration.