腹腔镜结直肠手术的现状与发展

腹腔镜胆囊切除术、抗反流手术及其他良性消化道肿瘤手术已被推荐为“金标准手术”。而腹腔镜手术在根治消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用仍然存在一定争议，1990年美国Jacobs进行了世界上首例腹腔镜右半结肠切除术，同年Folwer进行了腹腔镜乙状结肠切除术，从此腹腔镜技术逐渐运用于传统的结直     

论腹腔镜结肠直肠手术

腹腔镜胆囊切除术、抗食管反流术及良性消化道肿瘤手术已被推荐为“金标准手术”。而腹腔镜手术在根治消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用则远未达成共识。1991年美国Jacob进行了世界上首例腹腔镜右半结肠切除术,同年Folwer进行了腹腔镜乙状结肠切除术．从此腹腔镜技术逐渐运用于传统的结肠直肠手术,但发展速度远不如其他腹腔镜手术。     

传统开腹、腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 分析传统开腹、腹腔镜及小切口胆囊切除术三者在治疗胆囊结石中手术疗效.方法 收集89例胆囊切除术患者资料,根据不同手术方法分为3组:传统开腹胆囊切除术(OC组,29例)、腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC组,30例)及小切口胆囊切除术(MC组,29例),分析三类不同方法手术的优缺点.结果 LC组和MC组的出血量、消化功能恢复时...     

心脏瓣膜置换术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术的处理

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）与传统的开腹胆囊切除术相比,具有创伤轻、痛苦少、住院时间缩短等优点,已被广大病人和医师接受.但心脏瓣膜置换术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术病例数目较少.1994年至2004年我院收住18例心脏瓣膜置换术后胆囊炎并结石者,行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,手术全部获得成功,积累了一定的经验,报告如下.     

腹腔镜腹部手术切口的选择

<正>1987年Mouret首次报道腹腔镜胆囊切除术以来,近20年,腹腔镜技术获得巨大发展,已被广泛接受。我国腹腔镜技术经过19年的快速发展,手术数量和种类已发生了质的变化。就腹部外科而言,目前很多二级以上医院已能开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术、腹腔镜阑尾切除术、腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引     

腹腔镜联合加速康复外科理念在高龄急性胆囊炎治疗中的应用

<正>随着医学技术及设备的不断发展,以腹腔镜外科技术为代表的微创外科已广泛开展,,并使传统外科发生了历史性变革。腹腔镜胆囊切除术已成为慢性胆囊良性疾病治疗的金标准,但目前医学界对高龄急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术方式及时机仍存在较争议~([1])。由于高龄急性胆囊炎患者器官功能减退,机体反应减弱,发病隐匿,常合并     

二孔丝线法腹腔镜胆囊切除术51例观察

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystecto-my,LC）已成为胆囊良性疾病行胆囊切除术的＂金标准＂[1]。传统LC一般采用四孔或三孔法,并用钛夹夹闭胆囊管和胆囊动脉。随着生活水平的提高,患者对腹腔镜手术也提出了更高的要求。因此,寻求以最小创伤达到最佳治疗效果的术式已成为腔镜医     

预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的体会

预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的体会杜国盛，萧荫祺，许红兵，邹一平，闫恒懦腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）可达到传统开腹切除胆囊的效果具有术后疼痛轻、住院时间短、恢复快等优点，已成为切除胆囊手术的重要方法．随着ＬＣ病例的增多，人们已认识到开膀胆囊切除术所发生的并...     

腹腔镜与传统开腹胆囊切除术对糖尿病患者影响的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹手术对糖尿病患者的影响.方法:回顾分析85例患者行胆囊切除术的临床资料,分为腹腔镜组与传统手术组,对比两组患者术后并发症发生率及住院时间.结果:腹腔镜组术后并发症及住院时间优于传统开腹手术(P＜0.05).结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术能有效地减少糖尿病患者术后并发症的发生,可作为糖尿病...     

腹壁疝的单孔腹腔镜修补术2例报告

单孔腹腔镜技术目前已成为微创外科领域的热门之一,使腹腔镜技术向更微创和更美观的方向发展。目前,其已应用于阑尾切除术、胆囊切除术、肝囊肿开窗术、脾切除术、减肥手术和泌尿科及妇产科手术等。笔者在规模开展经乳晕甲状腺、甲状旁腺及胆囊的单孔腹腔镜手术基础上[1],     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.