大学生依恋类型对心理健康的影响

目的：探讨大学生依恋类型和心理健康的关系。方法：以整群抽样的方式选取大学生676名；用关系问卷（RQ）、亲密关系经历量表（ECR）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行测查。结果：676名大学生中安全型依恋者占41．3％，轻视型占25．6％，倾注型占23．3％，害怕型占9．8％；除躯体化外，安全型和轻视型大学生的SCL-90量表总分和其他指标分均低于倾注型和／或害怕型，[如，总分（153．0±45．4）、（158．4±47．8）vs．（173．8±51．2）、（175．1±58．8），P〈0．001]，敌对得分安全型低于倾注型和害怕型[（1．7±0．6）vs．（1．8±0．6）、（1．9±0．9），P=0．027]；依恋回避与除敌对以外的其他心理健康指标呈正相关（r=0．14～0．17，P〈0．01）；依恋焦虑与SCL-90各指标呈不同程度的相关（r=0．24～0．47，P〈0．01）。结论：大学生的依恋类型对他们的心理健康水平产生影响，依恋焦虑与依恋回避越低心理健康水平越高。     

医学院实习生的依恋类型和社会支持对心理健康水平的影响

目的:探讨医学院实习生依恋类型,社会支持与心理健康水平之间的关系。方法:以整群抽样的方式选取正在医院实习的医学院大学生220名,用关系问卷(RQ)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、社会支持问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查。结果:220名被试中安全型依恋者占47.7%,轻视型占32.7%,倾注型占12.7%,害怕型占6.8%;在对支持的利用度指标上,安全型(8.9±1.8)和害怕型(8.8±1.9)的被试得分显著高于轻视型(7.8±1.5)和倾注型(8.0±1.7);并且在SCL-90总分上,安全型依恋的被试(109.4±23.3)显著低于轻视型(122.7±27.2)、倾注型(138.3±38.5)和害怕型(120.9±38.9);被试的心理健康水平可以通过依恋回避、依恋焦虑,以及社会支持总分进行预测。结论:医学院实习生的心理健康水平与他们的依恋类型以及社会支持之间存在密切的联系。     

门诊焦虑障碍患者的成人依恋类型研究

目的:探索精神科门诊焦虑障碍患者的成人依恋类型特点.方法:对符合简要国际神经精神科访谈工具(MINI)中文版诊断的123名焦虑障碍患者和123名健康人予以亲密关系体验问卷中文版修订版(ECR-R)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)测试.结果:①焦虑障碍组不安全依恋类型比例(57％)、ECR-R焦虑维度、回避维度及STAI分值显著高于正常对照组.②不安全依恋类型者罹患焦虑障碍的风险是安全型的4.88倍,其中恐惧型风险最大,是安全型的15.02倍,迷恋型者是4.38倍,淡漠型是3.76倍.③不同依恋类型的焦虑障碍患者STAI分值差异显著,其中恐惧型患者的焦虑水平最高.病例组安全型被试的STAI分值显著高于对照组安全型.结论:焦虑障碍患者中不安全依恋类型占多数,不安全依恋类型是罹患焦虑障碍的重要危险因素,其中恐惧型的风险最大.     

初中生与其母亲依恋类型的一致性研究

英国精神病学家J.Bowlby于 196 9年最早提出了依恋这一概念 ,他认为依恋指的是抚养者 (主要是母亲 )与孩子之间一种特殊的情感上的联结。在这基础上 ,Main 1985年提出了成人依恋这一概念 ,所谓成人依恋指的是成人当前对早年与父母依恋经历的心理表征。并在“陌生人情境”程序的基础上设计出了“成人依恋访谈 (AAI)”这一成人依恋测量工具。AAI方法的使用 ,使得人们能够在父母依恋模式与子女依恋模式的联系、父母依恋模式与子女行为问题、依恋模式与心理健康等方面进行广泛且深入的研究。根据依恋研究者的假设 ,依恋现象应该存在着代际传…     

高中生依恋类型与独处行为的关系

目的:探讨高中生依恋类型与独处行为之间的关系。方法 :采用《成人亲密关系经历量表》和《独处行为量表》对442名高中学生进行测量。结果:依恋回避与孤僻和积极独处的相关分别为0.451和0.233(P<0.01),与孤独的相关为-0.383(P<0.01);依恋焦虑与社交回避和孤独的相关分别为0.410和0.622(P<0.01),而与积极独处的相关为-0.140(P<0.01)。方差分析显示不同依恋类型被试的独处行为明显不同,专注型的积极独处得分最低,而孤独得分最高;冷漠型在孤僻分量表得分最高;而害怕型则在社交回避分量表得分最高。结论:安全型依恋者以积极独处为主要特征,害怕型依恋以社交回避为主要特征,专注型依恋以孤独为主要特征,而冷漠型依恋则以孤僻为主要特征。     

高校学生成人依恋与家庭环境的关系研究

目的 研究高校学生的成人依恋和家庭环境的关系.方法 采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)和家庭环境评定量表(FES)对343名学生进行调查.结果 ①不同的依恋类型在亲密度、娱乐性和控制性上有显著性差异.②依恋回避与娱乐性有显著的负相关;依恋焦虑与成功性有显著的负相关.结论 家庭环境对成人依恋的形成有显著影响.     

青少年依恋、完美主义和心理健康的关系

目的:了解青少年依恋、完美主义和心理健康之间的关系.方法:采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版、大学生一般完美主义量表和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)测量186名青少年.结果:在乎缺点与依恋焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.211,P<0.01),与依恋回避呈显著正相关(r=0.205,P<0.01),与心理健康呈显著负相关(r=-0.485,P<0.001);心理健康与依恋焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.225,P<0.01),与依恋回避呈显著负相关(r=-0.213,P<0.01);不同依恋类型个体在在乎缺点(F=4.521,P=0.004)和心理健康(F=3.009,P=0.032)方面存在显著差异;在控制在乎缺点这一变量后,依恋焦虑、依恋回避与心理健康的相关不显著.结论:在乎缺点在依恋和心理健康关系之间关系中发挥着完全中介作用.     

大学生抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系研究

目的 考察大学生的抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系.方法 采用流调中心用抑郁量表和成人依恋量表,对河南某高校随机抽取的288名大一至大四的学生进行了调查.结果 ①大学生的抑郁情绪在性别与年级的交互作用上差异显著.②大学生成人依恋的不同类型对其抑郁情绪有影响,其中,拒绝型和恐惧型的大学生在抑郁情绪上有显著差异.结论 成人依恋的类型对大学生的抑郁情绪有显著影响.     

成人依恋测量研究

成人依恋的测量建立在成人依恋理论的基础上,但成人依恋测量不像婴儿依恋测量那样可以通过外显行为直接观察,因此成人依恋的测量更困难.国外学者对此做了大量研究,开发了许多成人依恋测量工具,促进了成人依恋的理论研究.本文介绍了国外成人依恋测量工具的应用概况以及当前成人依恋测量中存在的争论.     

人格障碍倾向与依恋的关系

目的:初步考察人格障碍倾向与依恋的关系。方法:用成人依恋问卷(AAQ3.1)、关系问卷(RQ)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、人格障碍筛查问卷(PDQ 4)测量成年早期学生390名。结果:依恋各因子与人格障碍显著相关,相关系数在-0.359～0.555之间;回归分析显示,依恋对人格障碍有显著的预测作用,三个依恋量表所测量的依恋因子共解释人格障碍总变异的46.3%。结论:人格障碍与依恋显著相关,不良依恋经验对人格障碍症状有显著预测作用。     

Adult attachment style and cortisol responses across the day in older adults

The association between cortisol and adult attachment style, an important indicator of social relationships, has been relatively unexplored. Previous research has examined adult attachment and acute cortisol responses to stress in the laboratory, but less is known about cortisol levels in everyday life. The present study examined adult romantic attachment style and cortisol responses across the day. Salivary cortisol was collected at six time points during the course of the day in 1,807 healthy men and women from a subsample of the Whitehall II cohort. Significant associations were found between attachment on cortisol across the day and slope of cortisol decline. The lowest cortisol output was associated with fearful attachment, with preoccupied attachment having the highest levels and a flatter cortisol profile. The results tentatively support the proposition that attachment style may contribute to HPA dysregulation.     

Resilience and mental health

The relationship between disease and good health has received relatively little attention in mental health. Resilience can be viewed as a defence mechanism, which enables people to thrive in the face of adversity and improving resilience may be an important target for treatment and prophylaxis. Though resilience is a widely-used concept, studies vary substantially in their definition, and measurement. Above all, there is no common underlying theoretical construct to this very heterogeneous research which makes the evaluation and comparison of findings extremely difficult. Furthermore, the varying multi-disciplinary approaches preclude meta-analysis, so that clarification of research in this area must proceed firstly by conceptual unification. We attempt to collate and classify the available research around a multi-level biopsychosocial model, theoretically and semiotically comparable to that used in describing the complex chain of events related to host resistance in infectious disease. Using this underlying construct we attempt to reorganize current knowledge around a unitary concept in order to clarify and indicate potential intervention points for increasing resilience and positive mental health.     

The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of adult attachment: the Adult Attachment Projective

In this paper, we describe the development of and our preliminary work to empirically validate the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP), a new adult attachment classification system that is based on the analysis of individuals' responses to a set of seven attachment-related drawings. The AAP classification system uses evaluations of three dimensions (Discourse, Content and Defensive Processing) to designate four major adult classification groups: Secure, Dismissing, Preoccupied, and Unresolved. Preliminary validation of the AAP is based on 75 participants drawn from three separate samples. The results indicate strong interjudge reliability and convergent agreement between the AAP and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications. The AAP,thus, appears to be a promising developmental measure for assessing the representation of attachment in adults. Contributions of the AAP to attachment theory and research are discussed. The similarities and differences between AAP stories and other child and adult representational measures are also discussed.     

Adult attachment and emotional processing biases: An Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) study

Attachment-related electrophysiological differences in emotional processing biases were examined using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). We identified ERP correlates of emotional processing by comparing ERPs elicited in trials with angry and neutral faces. These emotional expression effects were then compared across groups with secure, anxious and avoidant attachment orientations. Results revealed significant interactions between attachment orientation and facial expression in mean amplitudes of the early C1 (50-80ms post-stimulus) and P1 (80-120ms post-stimulus) ERP components. Significant differences in C1 and P1 mean amplitudes were found at occipital and posterior-parietal channels in response to angry compared with neutral faces only within the avoidant attachment group. No such differences were found within the secure or anxious attachment groups. The present study underscores the usefulness of the ERP methodology, as a sensitive measure for the study of emotional processing biases in the research field of attachment.     

COVID-19 and impairment of mental health: public health perspective

ObjectivesThe objective of the article is to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the members of the general population.IntroductionThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced the public health authorities to implement unprecedented public health measures with an intention to control the spread of the infection.MethodsAn extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and World Health Organization website and a total of 27 articles were selected based upon the suitability with the current review objectives.ResultsIn order to reduce the caseload and interrupt the chain of transmission of the novel viral infection, it was envisaged that people should stay indoors unless it is extremely essential. This intervention did play its part in reducing the caseload, but significantly affected the daily routine of the people, which in turn accounted for a significant impact on the mental health of the people. Considering the ongoing development and the impact of COVID-19 infection on the mental health of people, there is an immense need to implement strategies to improve the lifestyle of the general population and the health care professionals.ConclusionTo conclude, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created a state of public health emergency on the global scale. The infection has impacted people from all walks of life and is also responsible for precipitating a number of psychological and mental disorders. Thus, it is the need of the hour to identify those individuals who are prone to psychological disorders, and take urgent steps to ensure the preservation and improvement of the mental health of people.     

学习医学心理学对医学生心理健康的影响

为了解学习医学心理学课程对医学生心理健康的影响,采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）分别于医学心理学开课前和3个月学习结束对学生进行测评,结果发现：学习后医学生心理健康水平明显提高,表现为：学习结束时SDS评分、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对和偏执因子分均较学习前显著下降。提示：学习医学心理学可以促进医学生心理健康。