双腔和单腔起搏对高度房室传导阻滞患者血脑钠素水平的影响

目的　探讨双腔和单腔起搏对高度房室传导阻滞患者血脑钠素水平的影响。方法　 2 0例高度房室传导阻滞患者随机接受人工心脏房室双腔 (n =13 )或心室单腔 (n =7)起搏器 ,起搏器植入术前和术后 10个月分别取静脉血 ,通过放射免疫法测量血浆脑钠素 (BNP)水平。结果　术后 10个月时 ,两组患者血BNP水平均显著高于其术前 ,并且接受单腔起搏的患者血BNP水平明显高于双腔起搏的患者 [(3 5 .85± 5 .2 1)pg/ml比 (2 1.15± 4.16) pg/ml,P <0 .0 5 ]。结论　本实验结果进一步支持双腔起搏可较心室单腔起搏获得更好的血流动力学。     

双腔起搏患者心室起搏百分数与血浆脑钠素水平的关系

目的探讨植入双腔起搏器患者术后心室累积起搏百分数与血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平的关系。方法入选107例接受DDD(R)心脏起搏器治疗的病窦综合征患者,术后随访时,通过酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血浆BNP水平,通过程控仪获取起搏器的心室累积起搏百分数,并分析两者之间的关系。结果经过中位数为60 d的随访观察,患者术后血浆BNP水平较其术前显著增高[(72.17±21.23)ng/Lvs.(52.39±18.22)ng/L,P<0.01],心室累积起搏百分数与血浆BNP水平显著正相关(r=0.578,P<0.01)。结论心室起搏可能产生起搏依赖性的心功能损害。     

右心室不同位点起搏对起搏依赖性患者血BNP的影响

目的比较右心室间隔部起搏与右心室心尖部起搏对起搏依赖性患者血BNP(脑钠肽)的影响。方法36例慢室率房颤伴高度或Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,16例窦律伴Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,20例显著窦性心动过缓,共72例患者,均植入VVI型心脏起搏器,按心室电极固定部位不同随机分为右心室间隔部起搏组(RVS组)和右心室心尖部起搏组(RVA组),观察2组术前与术后心电图QRS波宽度和形态;比较2组术前与术后血BNP(脑钠肽)变化。结果RVA组起搏心电图Ⅱ导联QRS间期显著长于RVS组([0.20±0.03]s vs[0.12±0.04]s,P<0.01),术前2组BNP水平差异无统计学意义,术后3个月随访检测BNP,RVA组较RVS组有显著升高([121.8±5.2]pg/ml vs[57.1±6.6]pg/ml,P<0.01)。结论RVA起搏扰乱了双心室电同步,恶化了血流动力学和心功能,RVS起搏尽可能的维持了双心室激动顺序和双心室收缩同步性,对血流动力学影响较小,RVS起搏是比RVA起搏更加符合生理的起搏方式。     

Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者行VVI及DDD起搏后心功能及超敏C反应蛋白的比较

目的比较Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者行VVI及DDD起搏后心功能、N-末端B型脑钠肽(NT-pro BNP)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化。方法选取Ⅲ度AVB患者50例,按起搏方式分组。VVI组(n=25)植入单腔起搏器,起搏模式为VVI;DDD组(n=25)植入双腔起搏器,起搏模式为DDD。随访3年,比较患者起搏参数、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张功能(E/A)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量(SV)、右室内径(RV)、hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP等指标。结果两组心室电极感知、阈值、阻抗、右室起搏比例均无差异。术后LAD、LVEDD进行性扩大,LVEF进行性下降,CI较前改善,均以VVI组较为明显;SV指标VVI组术后逐年下降,而DDD组术后1年明显增加,随后下降。术后hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP进行性升高,均以VVI组较为明显。患者hs-CRP与LVEDD、LAD、NT-pro BNP之间、NT-pro BNP与LVEDD间存在正相关关系,hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP与LVEF间存在负相关关系。结论Ⅲ度AVB患者长期VVI及DDD起搏将不同程度导致心功能恶化,VVI起搏为甚,起搏术后心功能恶化与炎症反应可能有关。     

心脏起搏对血浆脑利钠肽影响的临床研究

研究DDD与VVI起搏方式对血浆脑利钠肽 (BNP)水平的影响及其临床意义。 4 7例安装了起搏器心功能II级以上患者 ,分为DDD起搏组与VVI起搏组 ,术前测血浆BNP值及行心脏彩色多普勒超声检查 ,术后 4～ 6月内随访血浆BNP、心脏彩色多普勒超声检查。比较两组患者BNP差别、心脏射血分数 (EF)差异。结果 :DDD起搏组BNP水平较VVI组为低 (5 7.2 3± 19.19pg/mlvs 88.35± 2 3.11pg/ml,P <0 .0 5 ) ;EF值在DDD起搏组较VVI组为高 (0 .5 6± 0 .0 8vs 0 .4 5± 0 .16 ,P <0 .0 5 )。两组患者的BNP与LVEF均呈显著负性相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :DDD起搏与VVI起搏方式相比血浆BNP水平较低 ,对慢性心功能不全患者的心脏功能影响较小。     

心室累积起搏百分数与血浆脑钠素水平的相关性研究

目的探讨接受双腔起搏治疗的病窦综合征患者术后心室累积起搏百分数与血浆脑钠素(BNP)浓度的关系。方法入选156例接受心脏起搏治疗的病窦综合征患者,术后随访时,通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测量患者血浆BNP水平,通过起搏器程控仪获取储存于起搏器中的心室累积起搏百分数,并分析两者之间的关系。结果经过中位数为65d的随访观察,双腔起搏患者术后血浆BNP水平较其术前显著增高,分别为(69.29±18.24)pg/ml和(54.47±17.15)pg/ml,P<0.01,心室累积起搏百分数与血浆BNP水平的相关系数r=0.569,P<0.01。结论心室累积起搏百分数与血浆BNP水平显著正相关,提示心室起搏可产生起搏依赖性的心功能损害。     

右心室起搏与双心腔起搏术对Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞老年患者的临床疗效比较

目的:观察右心室起搏器术(VVI)与双心腔起搏术(DDD)在Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞老年患者中的疗效。方法:采用回顾性分析,将68例患者分为VVI组和DDD组,比较两组心功能变化、房颤、缺血性脑卒中的发生率。结果:心动超声心功能测定,术前和随访结果比较:VVI组左室射血分数(LVEF)从(53.8±2.1)%下降至(49.5±3.4)%,P0.05;DDD组LVEF从(54.1±2.6)%下降至(52.7±2.8)%,P0.05。比较两组患者在心功能变化、房颤的发生率均有统计学差异,缺血性脑卒中的发生率无统计学差异。结论:对Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞老年患者,两种起搏方式的比较,DDD对Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞老年患者心功能的保护及房颤更低发生率均优于VVI组。     

双腔起搏器自动房室间期搜索功能的临床应用观察

目的观察双腔起搏器自动AV间期搜索功能(auto AV search)减少心室起搏的有效性及对心功能和快速房性心律失常的影响。方法43例植入具有自动AV间期搜索功能的双腔DDD(R)起搏器的患者,术后6个月内随机交叉关闭或打开AV search功能各3个月,分别在第一阶段(3个月末)、第二阶段(6个月末)程控获取心室起搏百分比(Vp)、高频心房事件及测试血浆BNP值。结果43例患者按计划完成随访,AV search关闭组心室起搏(VP)比例为78.0±10.3%,心房高频事件为58±15次,血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平为333±30pg/ml;AVsearch打开组Vp比例为15.9±4.8%,心房高频事件为29±13次,BNP65±21 pg/ml,两者相比具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论双腔起搏器的auto AV search功能可有效减少非必须的心室起搏,促进自身心室激动。     

双腔起搏房室间期自动搜索功能对心室起搏及心功能的影响

选择30例接受具有自动AV间期搜索功能(auto AV search)的双腔DDD(R)起搏器治疗的病窦综合征患者。AV search打开时心室起搏(VP)比例,血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平,左室Tei指数均较关闭时降低(P均<0.01),且血浆BNP水平、左室Tei指数与VP比例均存在较好的相关性(P均<0.05)。结论:双腔起搏器的auto AVsearch功能可有效减少非必须的右室起搏,促进自身心室激动,改善患者血流动力学效应。     

右室双部位双心室同步起搏治疗心力衰竭一例

心房颤动伴Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者,接受VVI型人工心脏起搏器置入术后出现心力衰竭。在保留原起搏器及导线的情况下,新置入2根电极导线分别至右室,及左室侧后静脉,与DDD起搏器心室及心房接口连接,行右室双部位双室同步起搏,临床疗效可。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.