72例女性乳腺癌病理学分析

目的对女性乳腺癌的病理学特点进行分析,提高乳腺癌的正确诊断率。方法收集72例女性乳腺癌患者的病理学资料,回顾性分析其病理学特点。结果 72例女性乳腺癌患者的年龄41~66岁。其中导管内原位癌8例,小叶原位癌4例,髓样癌6例,黏液腺癌2例,浸润性小叶癌12例,浸润性导管癌39例,类癌1例。病理组织分型以浸润性导管癌为多,淋巴结转移情况与肿瘤大小成正相关性。结论乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,临床病理分型与年龄及淋巴结增大等有密切关系,早诊断、早治疗可提高临床治愈率,对预后生活起到积极作用。     

肝脏肿瘤标本资源库的建立、维护及管理

目的 探讨建立以肝癌组织样本为主的肝脏外科生物样本库及相关数据信息化管理的方法和标准化操作规程,为临床与基础研究提供高质量的临床标本资源平台。方法 收集肝脏肿瘤手术患者的血液标本（血清、血浆、白细胞）、组织标本(癌、癌旁、远端正常组织),将处理好的血液标本于-80℃冰箱保存,新鲜组织置液氮保存,定期随机抽取液氮保存的肿瘤组织样本进行RNA、DNA的提取及鉴定。结果 现收集并保存有完整临床信息及随访资料的肝脏肿瘤患者血液标本22103份,组织标本3319例,其中肝脏肿瘤组织标本807例,包括肝脏恶性肿瘤762例,良性肿瘤23例,肝硬化组织22例。随机抽取组织RNA、DNA鉴定均符合标本质量标准,能够满足后续实验要求。结论 初步建立标准化、规范化的肝脏肿瘤标本库,制定了标准化的标本库维护和管理规程,为肝脏肿瘤基础和临床研究提供了宝贵的实验材料。     

结直肠肿瘤生物样本库质量控制体系建立的经验与体会

目的通过创建结直肠肿瘤组织样本库质量控制体系,充分保护和合理利用结直肠肿瘤标本资源,为临床和科学研究者提供质量合格的结直肠肿瘤标本,促进结直肠肿瘤的研究。方法建立严格的结直肠肿瘤组织生物样本库质量控制体系,规范收集手术切除后的肿瘤组织,包括肿瘤、瘤旁和切缘远端正常组织以及术前、术后的外周血血清/血浆标本。建立一套完整的结直肠肿瘤组织提取、储存操作流程,制定质量控制方案,建立符合国际规范的结直肠肿瘤组织生物样本库及信息管理系统,提供临床样本资源。结果标本库现保存有完整临床资料及随访资料的结直肠肿瘤组织标本1600例。其中恶性肿瘤1225例,良性肿瘤275例。包括肿瘤组织、癌旁组织、远端正常组织标本以及术前、术后血液标本。完成了标本库信息数据管理软件的开发工作,对所收集标本的流行病学及临床资料信息录入计算机归档管理。结论初步建立了具有一定规模的肿瘤标本资源库,完善了结直肠肿瘤生物样本库质量控制体系,形成了一整套肿瘤组织标本库的建设及管理方法,为相关的结直肠肿瘤研究提供了服务平台。     

组织蛋白D和E-钙黏附蛋白与乳腺癌患者预后的关系

目的探讨E-Ca、Ca-D在乳腺癌预后中的作用及相互关系。方法对106例浸润性乳腺癌患者的肿瘤组织石蜡切片采用免疫组织化学染色技术标记E-Ca、Ca-D。结果肿瘤间质内Ca-D表达强度与复发呈正相关。E-Ca表达在导管癌内表达强于小叶癌。乳腺癌组织中nm23-H1蛋白表达明显降低,与生存期呈正相关,与复发期呈负相关（P〈0.05）。MVD在复发组高于对照组。结论①Ca-D、MVD、nm23-H1在乳腺癌组织内共同参与癌组织的浸润和转移,可作为预后的判断指标。②E-Ca作为预后判断不理想,但可以作为差分化小叶癌和导管癌的鉴别诊断依据。     

36例乳腺癌临床病理学分析

<正>乳腺癌以女性较为常见,常见有浸润型导管癌、浸润性小叶癌,导管内原位癌[1]。为深入研究该类肿瘤的组织形态,我们通过复习本科1999-01～2010-01手术切除的乳腺癌病理切片及原始病历。并对其中36例乳腺癌病理形态学及免疫组织化学染色结果进行分析。现报告如下。     

AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统对乳腺浸润性小叶癌分期评价及临床病理分析

目的 研究AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统对乳腺浸润性小叶癌分期评价的临床意义及其临床病理特征分析.方法 参照AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期标准,重新对2011-2016年北京大学深圳医院乳腺外科治疗的浸润性小叶癌患者进行解剖学分期及预后分期评价,并与其他类型浸润性癌的临床病理资料进行分析.结果 共收治乳腺浸润性小叶癌21例,占全部浸润性乳腺癌的2.7％,研究发现浸润性小叶癌与其他类型浸润性乳腺癌相比,年龄分布、月经状况、分子分型特征及解剖学分期与预后分期差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而组织学分级差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).浸润性小叶癌解剖学分期与预后分期评价存在差异.结论 AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统中的预后分期为乳腺癌的临床治疗方案的制订提供了新的参考依据,但需参考解剖学分期共同评价.浸润性小叶癌与其他类型浸润性癌相比,组织学分级低,预后分期佳,但要对浸润性小叶癌进行精准的个体化治疗还需要更大样本更完善的研究.     

乳腺癌保留乳房手术切缘阳性的临床病理学因素分析

目的:分析保留乳房手术切缘阳性与相关临床病理学的关系,探讨保留乳房手术后复发的危险因素。方法:305例乳腺癌患者行保留乳房手术,对术中快速病理以及术后病理切缘阳性的病例进行分析,总结切缘状况与组织类型、广泛导管内成分(extensive intraductal component,EIC)、区域淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小及年龄的关系。结果:保留乳房手术切缘阳性与患者年龄(≤35岁)、EIC和浸润性小叶癌有关(P<0.05);与肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移状况无关。结论:乳腺癌行保留乳房手术时,术中应详细检查切缘状况,对年轻者、EIC、浸润性小叶癌需要慎重的选择保留乳房手术及设定切除范围。     

Slit2在乳腺组织的表达与乳腺癌脑转移的关系

目的 检测神经轴突导向蛋白2(Slit2)在不同乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达,探讨Slit2与乳腺癌脑转移的相关性.方法 采用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测对24例发生脑转移的乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)、71例未发生脑转移的乳腺浸润性导管癌、22例乳腺导管内癌和23例乳腺腺纤维瘤组织中Slit2的表达.结果 Slit2在浸润性导管癌中有脑转移患者的阳性表达率(13%)明显低于无脑转移患者(59%)(P＜0.05);在乳腺导管内癌和浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率(59%和48%)均明显低于乳腺纤维瘤(87%,P＜0.05);但前两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在50岁以上乳腺癌患者中的阳性表达率(62%)明显高于50岁及以下患者(34%,P＜0.05);在生存期＜5年的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者组织中Slit2的阳性表达率(18%)明显低于生存期＞5年的患者(59%)(P＜0.05).Slit2阴性的患者总生存时间明显短于Slit2阳性患者(P＜0.01).Slit2在乳腺癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状态、病理学分期、组织学分级均无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论 乳腺癌中Slit2的表达和乳腺癌脑转移呈负相关,和乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的发病年龄及预后呈正相关,可成为判断乳腺癌预后和脑转移的分子标志物.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移与趋化因子受体CCR6/CCL20表达的关系

目的 观察CCR6/CCL20在乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的作用.方法 应用Western blot检测55例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者标本中肿瘤组织、邻近正常组织以及淋巴结转移组织中CCR6/CCL20通路成员的表达情况.结果 乳腺癌组织中CCR6/CCL20表达水平明显增高分别为正常组织的3.6、2.1倍(P＜0.05,P＞0.05);CCR6表达水平与腋窝淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05).结论 趋化因子受体CCR6/CCL20表达可能在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移过程中起重要作用.     

乳腺癌中bcl-2蛋白表达的意义

为探讨抑凋亡基因ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达在乳腺癌中的意义,应用免疫组织化学的方法,对１２５例浸润性乳腺癌患者的石蜡包埋组织切片中ｂｃｌ－２,雌激素受体,孕激素受体及ｐ＾５３基因的表达产物进行检测。结果：ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在浸润性导管癌中的表达为６３．３％,而在浸润性小叶癌中为８８．９％,二者间菜显著性间谍;在浸润性导管癌中,ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达与原发癌大小及肿瘤分级呈负相关,与ＥＲ,ＰＲ的表达呈正相关,与ｐ     

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目的通过建立肝癌组织标本库,保护并合理利用肝癌组织标本资源,为分子生物学及临床研究提供组织标本。方法查阅相关文献总结标本库建立规范化流程资料,提供理论依据。同时结合西安交通大学附属第一医院肝胆外科门诊病人量、手术例数及实验室条件拟定该院标本库建立流程。结果建立了肝癌标本库组织及血液标本收集的规范化流程及对应的信息管理系统,已完成了标本库建立的前期工作,开始初步规范化收集肝癌标本并完善相关临床病例资料。结论建立资料完整的规范化肝癌标本库对保护肝癌组织资源及今后肝癌研究都十分重要。     

An Overview of the History and Epidemiology of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast

Abstract: Since the first pathologic studies of breast cancer were undertaken in the nineteenth century, an intraepithelial stage has been recognized in the transition from normal tissue to invasive cancer. In 1932 this was labeled in situ breast carcinoma, but was rarely diagnosed and considered only a clinical oddity. With the establishment of screening mammography over the past 20 years, both the ductal and lobular types of in situ breast carcinoma have been increasingly diagnosed. The lobular variant, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), is now considered a marker of risk for subsequent invasive cancer, and is managed expectantly without surgical ablation. The ductal form, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), is considered a true premalignant lesion, which should be treated largely in the same way as invasive breast carcinoma. An understanding of the epidemiology and biologic implications of DCIS is necessary for a rational approach to treatment.     

Development of an Integrated Biospecimen Bank and Multidisciplinary Clinical Database For Pancreatic Cancer

Background The integration of biospecimens with reliable clinical data is critical to advance molecular findings from the laboratory to the clinic. We describe the development of an integrated pancreatic tissue bank (PTB) and clinical database for patients with pancreatic cancer and other pancreatic disorders. Methods A clinical database and PTB were created in 1990 and 2000, respectively, to collect clinical information and biospecimens from patients with suspected or confirmed pancreatic cancer, other pancreatic diseases, and tumors of the duodenum, ampulla of Vater, and distal bile duct. Standard procedures for biospecimen collection and data entry were developed. Results From 2000 through 2006, the PTB collected 8,061 pancreatic tissue specimens from 620 patients. The most common histologies of pancreatic tumors were pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (55.3%) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (16.3%). The biospecimen collection also includes 431 plasma samples, 40 fine-needle aspiration samples, and a tissue microarray containing 85 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and matched normal tissue specimens. The clinical database contains information for 7,647 patients with pancreatic cancer, other pancreatic disorders, and duodenal, ampullary, or bile duct neoplasms. The data are arranged into nine modules: patient, presentation, risk factors, diagnostic imaging, treatment plan, surgery, pathology, postoperative complications, and follow-up. Conclusions We have established a pancreatic cancer tissue bank with standardized procedures for collection of biospecimens along with a comprehensive multidisciplinary clinical database. The integrated biospecimen bank and clinical database for pancreatic cancer described here can serve as a model from which other groups may develop similar systems. Supported by the Hamill Foundation, the Lockton Fund for Pancreatic Cancer Research, the Various Donor Fund for Pancreatic Cancer Research, and National Institutes of Health grant CA101936-01 (SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer) at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.     

Mammary gland architecture as a determining factor in the susceptibility of the human breast to cancer

The developmental pattern of the breast can be assessed by determining the composition of the breast in specific lobular structures, which are designated as lobules type 1 (Lob 1), lobules type 2 (Lob 2), and lobules type 3 (Lob 3), with Lob 1 being the less developed and Lob 3 being the most differentiated or with the highest number of ductules per lobular unit. In the present work, the patient population consisted of three groups of women who underwent surgical procedures: The first group included women who underwent reduction mammoplasty (RM) for cosmetic reasons. The second group included women who underwent prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy after genetic counseling for either carrying the BRCA-1 gene or belonging to a pedigree with familial breast cancer (FAM), and the third group included women who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. The RM group consisted of 33 women, of whom 9 were nulliparous and 24 were parous. The FAM group consisted of 17 women, of whom 8 were nulliparous and 9 were parous. The MRM group consisted of 43 women, of whom 7 were nulliparous and 36 were parous. The analysis of the lobular composition of all of the samples from the RM group, which is considered the control group, revealed that Lob 1 represented 22%, Lob 2 represented 37%, and Lob 3 represented 38%, whereas the tissue examined from the FAM and MRM groups contained a preponderance of Lob 1 at 48% and 74%, respectively, over Lob 3, which was 10% and 3%, respectively. When the results of the analysis of breast tissue were separated according to the pregnancy history of the donor, it was found that in the control group or RM, there was a significant difference in lobular composition. Nulliparous women of the RM group showed a preponderance of Lob 1 (46%) over parous women, which contained only 17%, whereas the percentage of Lob 3 in the nulliparous group was significantly lower (7%) than the parous group (48%). In the breast tissues obtained from FAM and MRM, no significant differences in lobular composition were observed, as all of the samples contained a higher concentration of Lob 1, independent of the pregnancy history. The breast tissue of FAM and MRM of parous women had a developmental pattern that was similar to that of nulliparous women of the same group and that was less developed than the breast of parous women of the control group. An important difference between the Lob 1 of the FAM group versus the control (RM) and the MRM group was that most of these lobules had thin ductules with an increase in hyalinization of the intralobular stroma manifested in the whole-mount preparation as an alteration in the branching pattern. The data suggest that the breast tissue of women with invasive cancer, as well as those from a background of familial breast cancer, have an architectural pattern different from the control or normal tissues and that the BRCA-1 or related genes may have a functional role in the branching pattern of the breast during lobular development, mainly in the epithelial stroma interaction.     

门静脉高压症标本库的初步建立、质控及管理

目的 探索建立门静脉高压症(portal hypertension,PH)生物标本库及数据信息化管理方法和标准化操作流程,为PH基础与临床研究提供高质量的临床标本资源.方法 收集PH患者的血液、尿液、唾液、组织标本,将处理好的标本于-80℃冰箱保存,新鲜组织标本置于液氮保存,定期随机抽取标本进行质量控制.结果 现收集并...     

Minimal breast cancer: advance or anachronism?

The author argues that minimal breast cancer does not represent a distinct disease entity but comprises three discrete components, each with unique characteristics. The natural history of lobular carcinoma in situ and intraductal cancer, two of the components of minimal breast cancer, is described. The dangers of relying on a data base established on the strength of retrospective anecdotal information is underscored. Lobular carcinoma in situ has a propensity for multicentricity and bilaterality. In 25% of patients with lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive breast cancer will develop subsequently, and the majority of these tumours will be of ductal origin. The average interval from the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ to the development of subsequent invasive cancer is over 15 years and both breasts are at equal risk. Based on this information, the use of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is unjustified. In contrast to lobular carcinoma in situ, 25% to 50% of patients with intraductal carcinoma will subsequently have infiltrating cancer, at an average of 10 years after the initial biopsy. Although the putative incidence of multicentricity is 50%, virtually all subsequent invasive cancers occur not only in the same breast but in the same quadrant as the initial lesion. In light of the momentum for breast-preserving operations in invasive cancer, clinical trials should be implemented to assess the propriety of conservative management with and without radiotherapy in patients with intraductal carcinoma.     

Lobular carcinoma of the breast: an overview.

The biologic nature, diagnostic features and therapeutic management of patients with lobular carcinoma in its in situ and invasive forms are discussed. Although recorded studies emphasize that patients with lobular carcinoma in situ are "at risk" for the development of invasive cancer, it has not been unequivocally demonstrated whether such an event represents a persistence of cancer due to inadequate excision or a de novo lesion. In support of the latter is the contention that lobular carcinoma exhibits a propensity for multicentricity and bilaterality. The recognition that the histologic types of the subsequent invasive cancers are not universally lobular invasive might also be cited in this regard. This information also bears upon views purporting a stepwise development of lobular invasive carcinoma from its in situ analog. Analysis of our own material fails to confirm any significant association between invasive lobular carcinoma and multicentric lesions. The diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing lobular hyperplasia from in situ lobular carcinoma and the inadvisability of frozen sections for this purpose is noted. Although the results of some electron microscopic studies of the in situ lesion challenge the propriety of its "pure in situ" nature; this criticism does not appear valid from both a pathological as well as pragmatic standpoints. The various schemes have been proposed concerning the surgical management of patients with lobular carcinoma in situ are presented and discussed. Certain biologic principles prompt consideration of segmental mastectomy and axillary node sampling as an alternative, commodious form of treatment for such lesions. There does not appear to be any unique reason to invoke any different treatment regimen for lobular invasive carcinoma than has been utilized for other invasive breast cancers.     

Tissue Banking in a Regional Hospital: A Promising Future Concept? First Report on Fresh Frozen Tissue Banking in a Hospital Without an Integrated Institute of Pathology

Background

Vital tissue provided by fresh frozen tissue banking is often required for genetic tumor profiling and tailored therapies. However, the potential patient benefits of fresh frozen tissue banking are currently limited to university hospitals. The objective of the present pilot study—the first one in the literature—was to evaluate whether fresh frozen tissue banking is feasible in a regional hospital without an integrated institute of pathology.

Methods

Patients with resectable breast and colon cancer were included in this prospective study. Both malignant and healthy tissue were sampled using isopentan-based snap-freezing 1?h after tumor resection and stored at ?80?°C before transfer to the main tissue bank of a University institute of pathology.

Results

The initial costs to set up tissue banking were 35,662 US$. Furthermore, the running costs are 1,250 US$ yearly. During the first 13?months, 43 samples (nine samples of breast cancer and 34 samples of colon cancer) were collected from 41 patients. Based on the pathology reports, there was no interference with standard histopathologic analyses due to the sample collection.

Conclusions

This is the first report in the literature providing evidence that tissue banking in a regional hospital without an integrated institute of pathology is feasible. The interesting findings of the present pilot study must be confirmed by larger investigations.     

The Role of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Abstract: Invasive lobular carcinoma has been associated with an increased risk of contralateral breast disease. Controversy exists regarding the use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy versus careful observation of the contralateral breast. Our objective was to determine the incidence of occult cancer in the contralateral breast and to assess whether contralateral prophylactic mastectomy improves patient survival. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 133 patients treated surgically for invasive lobular carcinoma between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1993. The median age was 54 years (range, 24–82 years). The distribution of patients by stage was as follows: stage 1, 29%; stage IIa, 36%; stage IIb, 20%; stage IIIa, 11%; stage IIIb, 3%; and unknown, 1%. The median follow-up was 68 months (range, 13–178 months). Group comparisons were performed using log-rank analysis and survival curves were constructed by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Eighteen patients underwent contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Among these patients there were no cases of invasive cancer and only 3 (17%) cases of lobular carcinoma in situ in the contralateral breast. Three patients who underwent contralateral prophylactic mastectomy later developed distant metastases from the original ipsilateral breast cancer. Of the 115 patients managed conservatively, 3 (3%) developed contralateral disease at 11, 34, and 101 months. Twenty-five patients developed distant disease. Overall survival in the contralateral prophylactic mastectomy group did not differ significantly from the group treated conservatively (p = 0.90). We conclude that careful observation with a yearly mammogram and physical examination of the contralateral breast is appropriate management for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma.