血管紧张素-(1-7)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞活化的影响

目的: 观察血管紧张素-(1-7) 对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞活化及细胞外基质分泌的影响并初步探讨其机制。方法: 体外培养正常大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞(NRK-49F), 分为对照组和Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ组和Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组, 培养72 h后, 细胞免疫化学染色法检测细胞活化标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)和胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)表达; 酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测上清液中TGF-β₁、IGF-I及细胞外基质成分Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)的含量。结果: 对照组仅有基础水平的α-SMA表达, 几无Col I、TGF-β₁和IGF-I表达, Ang-(1-7)组与之类似; AngⅡ组细胞α-SMA及ColⅠ、TGF-β₁、IGF-I表达较对照组显著增加(P<0.05); AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组与AngⅡ组比较, 细胞α-SMA及Col I、TGF-β₁、IGF-I表达明显减少(P<0.05)。结论: Ang-(1-7)可抑制AngⅡ诱导的肾间质成纤维细胞活化, 减少细胞外基质成分ColⅠ的合成, 其机制可能是通过下调致纤维化细胞因子TGF-β₁和IGF-I的表达。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)的心脑肾保护作用及其药物研究

血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)-血管紧张素-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7))-Mas受体(MasR)轴为肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)新成员,可反调控经典RAS轴ACE-Ang II-Ang II 1型受体(AT1R)。Ang-(1-7)是其中重要活性物质,经由ACE2水解Ang I或Ang II产生,不仅能激活MasR发挥舒张血管、抗增殖、抗炎、抗纤维化、抗血栓形成、抗心律失常、抗血管和心室重塑、抗动脉粥样硬化等心血管保护作用,近年研究发现其对脑、肾等器官也有保护作用,而且Ang-(1-7)相关药物研究亦有诸多进展。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响

目的:探讨血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对血管紧张素Ⅱ( AngⅡ)诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)表型转化及细胞外基质分泌的影响.方法:体外培养NRK52E细胞,经Ang-(1-7)和AntgⅡ(终浓度均为1×10-6 mol/L)干预24、48、72、96 h后,应用细胞免疫化学法检测E-cadherin,α-SMA的表达;应用ELISA法检测细胞上清液中Ⅰ型胶原(Col I)和纤维黏连蛋白(FN)的表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR( Real-timePCR)检测细胞中E-cadherin、α-SMA、Col I和FN mRNA表达水平的变化.结果:AngⅡ作用96h后,E-cadherin蛋白及mRNA表达显著减弱(P＜0.05),α-SMA、Col I、FN蛋白及mRNA表达显著增强(P＜0.05);同时加入Ang-(1-7)后,与AngⅡ组比较,E-cadherin蛋白及mRNA的表达增强(P＜0.05),α-SMA、Col I、FN蛋白及mRNA表达减弱(P＜0.05).结论:Ang-(1-7)能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞表型转化及细胞外基质的分泌.     

Mas基因沉默对血管紧张素-(1-7)拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞活化的影响

 目的： 探讨Mas基因沉默后对血管紧张素-(1-7) ［Ang-(1-7)］拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞活化的影响。方法：（1）有效Mas siRNA的筛选：设计合成3对不同序列针对Mas基因的siRNA,瞬时转染大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞（NRK-49F）,实验分5组：Mas siRNA序列1、Mas siRNA序列2、Mas siRNA序列3、阴性siRNA序列及正常对照组。转染后48 h,分别用半定量RT-PCR及Western blotting检测Mas mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。（2）研究有效Mas siRNA对Ang-(1-7)拮抗AngⅡ的影响：实验分6组：正常对照组、AngⅡ组、Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组、阴性siRNA对照组和Mas siRNA转染组。分别培养72 h后,细胞免疫化学法检测细胞活化标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达,ELISA法检测上清液中细胞外基质成分Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）的含量。结果：（1）与组相比,Mas siRNA各组Mas基因的表达均下降,其中以Mas siRNA序列2最明显（P<0.05）。 （2）有效Mas siRNA转染组在加AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)干预72 h后,较非转染组和阴性siRNA转染组α-SMA及ColⅠ表达均增加,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：Mas siRNA能有效抑制Mas的表达,使Ang-(1-7)拮抗AngⅡ诱导的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞活化作用明显减弱。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管紧张素-(1-7)对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞肾素(原)受体表达的影响

目的: 研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang II)和血管紧张素-(1-7) 对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)肾素(原)受体 表达的影响。方法: 将VSMCs按以下分组:(1)对照组:不加干预因素;(2)不同浓度AngⅡ组:分别加入AngⅡ10、100、1 000 nmol/L;(3)不同浓度Ang-(1-7)组:分别加入Ang-(1-7) 10、100、1 000 nmol/L; (4)AngⅡ+ losartan(AT₁受体拮抗剂)组:losartan 10^-6 mol/L预处理30 min后,再加入AngⅡ100 nmol/L; (5)AngⅡ+ PD123319(AT₂受体拮抗剂)组: 先用10^-5 mol/LPD123319预处理30 min后,再用终浓度为100 nmol/L AngⅡ;(6)CGP42112A(AT₂受体激动剂)组:加入10^-7 mol/L CGP42112A。各组用real-time PCR法和Western blotting法检测(P)RR的表达情况。结果: 与对照组比,不同浓度AngⅡ可以促进(P)RR mRNA和蛋白的表达,并且呈浓度依赖性(均P<0.01);不同浓度Ang-(1-7)可抑制 (P)RR mRNA和蛋白表达(均P<0.01),各浓度之间比较无显著差异(均P>0.05);加入CGP42112A可以促进(P)RR mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P<0.01),与AngⅡ处理组比较,加入PD123319可抑制(P)RR mRNA和蛋白表达(均P<0.01),加入losartan不能抑制(P)RR mRNA和蛋白表达(P>0.05)。结论: AngⅡ可通过AT₂受体促进(P)RR mRNA和蛋白表达,而Ang-(1-7) 可抑制(P)RR mRNA和蛋白的表达。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对肾性高血压大鼠肾组织纤维化的影响

目的 :观察血管紧张素 ( 1 7) [Ang ( 1 7) ]对实验性肾性高血压大鼠肾组织纤维化的影响。方法 :采用微渗泵植入技术 ,建立Ang ( 1 7)对二肾一夹 ( 2K1C)高血压大鼠干预模型 ,在光镜下观察肾脏纤维化 ,免疫组化法检测肾组织转化生长因子β1 (TGF β1 ) ,RT PCR检测肾组织内TGF β1 、TGF β1 受体ImRNA水平。结果 :Ang ( 1 7)能减轻2K1C高血压大鼠肾纤维化 ,减少 2K1C高血压大鼠肾组织TGF β1 的蛋白表达 ,降低肾组织内TGF β1 、TGF β1 受体ImRNA水平。结论 :Ang ( 1 7)对 2K1C高血压大鼠肾纤维化作用机制之一是通过减少肾组织内TGF β1 及其受体的表达而实现     

血管紧张素-(1-7)与血管紧张素Ⅱ对THP-1 巨噬细胞NPC1表达及胆固醇流出的影响

目的: 研究血管紧张素-(1-7) 与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对C型1类尼曼-匹克蛋白(NPC1)表达及胆固醇流出率的影响,探讨Ang-(1-7)对AngⅡ在胆固醇逆转运方面的拮抗作用。方法: 体外培养的人THP-1单核细胞经佛波酯(PMA)诱导48 h,使之分化为巨噬细胞,随机分为对照组、AngⅡ组、Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组和AngⅡ+ Ang-(1-7) + Ang-(1-7)受体阻断剂A-779组。运用逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blotting蛋白印记技术分别检测NPC1 mRNA与蛋白的表达水平,应用液体闪烁计数仪检测胆固醇流出的变化。结果: 与对照组相比,AngⅡ能引起THP-1源性巨噬细胞NPC1 mRNA与蛋白质表达的下调及胆固醇流出的减少( P< 0.05);Ang-(1-7)使NPC1蛋白和mRNA表达升高,胆固醇流出增多(P<0.05) ;混合刺激组中, 不同浓度的Ang-(1-7) ( 100-10 000 nmol/L)呈剂量依赖性地减轻AngⅡ对THP-1源性巨噬细胞 NPC1蛋白和mRNA表达的抑制作用,促进细胞胆固醇流出,与AngⅡ组相比差异显著(P<0.05) ;加入A-779 组与AngⅡ组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论: Ang-(1-7) 通过其特异性受体Mas拮抗AngⅡ抑制的THP-1巨噬细胞NPC1的表达,并呈浓度依赖性,进而促进巨噬细胞内胆固醇流出,抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

Intermedin_(1-53)抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠心肌成纤维细胞合成胶原

目的探讨IMD1-53对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的大鼠心肌成纤维细胞胶原代谢的调节作用。方法培养新生SD大鼠心肌成纤维细胞,将其分成对照组、AngⅡ+不同浓度IMD1-53组。Westem blot法检测心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达。SYBR GreenⅠ荧光实时定量PCR检测IMD1-53受体样受体(CRLR)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)mRNA表达。结果 IMD1-53呈剂量依赖性抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌成纤维细胞合成Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(P0.01,P0.05)。IMD1-53呈剂量依赖抑制成纤维细胞TGF-β表达(P0.05)。结论 IMD1-53抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌成纤维细胞胶原的合成,下调TGF-β表达,可能与IMD1-53抗心肌纤维化作用有关。     

血管紧张素-(1-7)抑制低氧诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化

目的观察血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对氯化钴(Co)诱导的低氧状态下正常大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)间质转分化的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法体外培养NRK52E细胞,分为对照组、Co组、Ang-(1-7)组、Co+Ang-(1-7)组,培养6 d。免疫细胞化学染色法检测NRK52E细胞低氧诱导因子-lα(HIF-lα)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达情况;Western blot法、细胞免疫化学染色法检测p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞上清液Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col-Ⅰ)的含量。结果 6 d后,与对照组比较,Co组与Co+Ang-(1-7)组细胞HIF-1α、α-SMA、ColⅠ及p-ERK1/2表达量显著增加(P<0.05);与Co组比较,Co+Ang-(1-7)组细胞HIF-1α、α-SMA、ColⅠ及p-ERK1/2表达量明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 Ang-(1-7)可抑制Co诱导的低氧状态下肾小管上皮细胞间质转分化,减少细胞外基质的生成,可能是通过p-ERK1/2信号通路实现的。     

血管紧张素-（1-7）对转化生长因子β1诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(GMC)增殖的影响并初步探讨其机制.方法:采用WST法检测培养系膜细胞增殖;RT-PCR法检测细胞内信号传递分子Smad3/7基因mRNA的表达.结果:与对照组比较, Ang-(1-7)明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的GMC增殖(P＜0.05);同时, Ang-(1-7)对TGF-β1诱导的系膜细胞内Smad3, Smad7基因mRNA表达有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05).结论:Ang-(1-7)对TGF-β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖有抑制作用, 其机制可能是通过下调细胞内信号传递分子Smad3/7的表达.     

Cerebroprotection by angiotensin-(1-7) in endothelin-1-induced ischaemic stroke

Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), production of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and stimulation of the Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas exert beneficial actions in various peripheral cardiovascular diseases, largely through opposition of the deleterious effects of angiotensin II via its type 1 receptor. Here we considered the possibility that Ang-(1-7) may exert beneficial effects against CNS damage and neurological deficits produced by cerebral ischaemic stroke. We determined the effects of central administration of Ang-(1-7) or pharmacological activation of ACE2 on the cerebral damage and behavioural deficits elicited by endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), a model of cerebral ischaemia. The results of the present study demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of either Ang-(1-7) or an ACE2 activator, diminazine aceturate (DIZE), prior to and following ET-1-induced MCAO significantly attenuated the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits measured 72 h after the insult. These beneficial actions of Ang-(1-7) and DIZE were reversed by co-intracerebroventricular administration of the Mas receptor inhibitor, A-779. Neither the Ang-(1-7) nor the DIZE treatments altered the reduction in cerebral blood flow elicited by ET-1. Lastly, intracerebroventricular administration of Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced the increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression within the cerebral infarct that occurs following ET-1-induced MCAO. This is the first demonstration of cerebroprotective properties of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis during ischaemic stroke, and suggests that the mechanism of the Ang-(1-7) protective action includes blunting of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞MCP-1和ICAM-1表达的影响

目的： 研究血管紧张素-(1-7)［Ang-(1-7)］对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）的影响,阐明Ang-(1-7)对AngⅡ在炎症方面的拮抗作用。方法: 体外培养HUVEC,随机分为：对照组;AngⅡ组;Ang-(1-7)组;AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组;AngⅡ+ Ang-(1-7) + Ang-(1-7)受体阻断剂A-779组。以ELISA法和半定量RT-PCR法从蛋白和mRNA水平检测MCP-1和ICAM-1的表达情况。结果: 与对照组比,AngⅡ（100 nmol/L）使MCP-1和ICAM-1的蛋白和mRNA表达明显增加（P<0.05）;Ang-(1-7)（1 000 nmol/L）使MCP-1和ICAM-1的蛋白和mRNA表达降低（P<0.05）;混合刺激组中,与AngⅡ组比较,Ang-(1-7) （10 nmol/L、100 nmol/L、1 000 nmol/L、10 000 nmol/L）呈剂量依赖性地抑制AngⅡ诱导的HUVEC MCP-1、ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,Ang-(1-7) 浓度为1 000 nmol/L时,虽然蛋白和mRNA表达仍高于对照组,但无显著差异（P>0.05）;加入 A-779 组与AngⅡ组比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: Ang-(1-7) 通过其特异性受体MAS拮抗AngⅡ诱导的HUVEC MCP-1和ICAM-1的表达,并呈浓度依赖性。     

Oral formulation angiotensin-(1-7) therapy attenuates pulmonary and systemic damage in mice with emphysema induced by elastase

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, has anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antiproliferative effects in acute or chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory system. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with Ang-(1-7) on pulmonary tissue damage and behavior of mice submitted to experimental model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema (PE). Initially, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two main groups: control (CTRL) and PE. In the PE group, the animals received three intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE) at 1-week intervals (0.2 IU in 50 μL of saline). The CTRL group received the same volume of saline solution (50 μL). Twenty-four hours after the last instillation, animals of the PE group were randomly divided into two groups: PE and PE + Ang-(1-7). The PE + Ang-(1-7) group was treated with 60 μg/kg of Ang-(1-7) and 92 μg kg of HPβCD in gavage distilled water, 100 μl. The CTRL and PE groups were treated with vehicle (HPβCD- 92 μg/kg in distilled water per gavage, 100 μl), orally daily for 3 weeks. On the 19th day of treatment, all groups were tested in relation to locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. After 48 h, the animals were euthanized and lungs were collected. The animals of PE group presented rupture of alveolar walls and consequently reduction of alveolar tissue area. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) partially restored the alveolar tissue area. The PE reduced the locomotor activity and the exploratory behavior of the mice in relation to the control group. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated this change. In addition, it was observed that Ang-(1-7) reduced lung levels of IL-1β and increased levels of IL-10. These results show an anti-inflammatory effect of Ang-(1-7), inducing the return of pulmonary homeostasis and attenuation of the behavioral changes in experimental model of PE by elastase.     

Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of angiotensin-(1-7) attenuated ischaemia-induced cardiac pathophysiology

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cell death, development of interstitial fibrosis, ventricular wall thinning and ultimately, heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] has been shown to provide cardioprotective effects. We hypothesize that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Ang-(1-7) would protect the myocardium from ischaemic injury. A single bolus of 3.5 × 10(8) transducing units of lenti-Ang-(1-7) was injected into the left ventricle of 5-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 6 weeks of age, MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks after the MI, echocardiography and haemodynamic parameters were measured to assess cardiac function. Postmyocardial infarction, rats showed significant decreases in fractional shortening and dP/dt (rate of rise of left ventricular pressure), increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and ventricular hypertrophy. Also, considerable upregulation of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA was observed in these rats. Lentivirus-mediated cardiac overexpression of Ang-(1-7) not only prevented all these MI-induced impairments but also resulted in decreased myocardial wall thinning and an increased cardiac gene expression of ACE2 and bradykinin B2 receptor (BKR2). Furthermore, in vitro experiments using rat neonatal cardiac myocytes demonstrated protective effects of Ang-(1-7) against hypoxia-induced cell death. This beneficial effect was associated with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) and increased gene expression of ACE2, BKR2 and interleukin-10. Our findings indicate that overexpression of Ang-(1-7) improves cardiac function and attenuates left ventricular remodelling post-MI. The protective effects of Ang-(1-7) appear to be mediated, at least in part, through modulation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system and cytokine production.     

The pressor effect of angiotensin-(1-7) in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla involves multiple peripheral mechanisms

OBJECTIVE:

In the present study, the peripheral mechanism that mediates the pressor effect of angiotensin-(1-7) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla was investigated.

METHOD:

Angiotensin-(1-7) (25 pmol) was bilaterally microinjected in the rostral ventrolateral medulla near the ventral surface in urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats that were untreated or treated (intravenously) with effective doses of selective autonomic receptor antagonists (atenolol, prazosin, methyl-atropine, and hexamethonium) or a vasopressin V₁ receptor antagonist [d(CH₂)₅ -Tyr(Me)–AVP] given alone or in combination.

RESULTS:

Unexpectedly, the pressor response produced by angiotensin-(1-7) (16±2 mmHg, n = 12), which was not associated with significant changes in heart rate, was not significantly altered by peripheral treatment with prazosin, the vasopressin V₁ receptor antagonist, hexamethonium or methyl-atropine. Similar results were obtained in experiments that tested the association of prazosin and atenolol; methyl-atropine and the vasopressin V₁ antagonist or methyl-atropine and prazosin. Peripheral treatment with the combination of prazosin, atenolol and the vasopressin V₁ antagonist abolished the pressor effect of glutamate; however, this treatment produced only a small decrease in the pressor effect of angiotensin-(1-7) at the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The combination of hexamethonium with the vasopressin V₁ receptor antagonist or the combination of prazosin, atenolol, the vasopressin V₁ receptor antagonist and methyl-atropine was effective in blocking the effect of angiotensin-(1-7) at the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

CONCLUSION:

These results indicate that angiotensin-(1-7) triggers a complex pressor response at the rostral ventrolateral medulla that involves an increase in sympathetic tonus, release of vasopressin and possibly the inhibition of a vasodilatory mechanism.     

Effect of angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin II on the proliferation and activation of human endometrial stromal cells in vitro

Recent studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) or angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] has effect on the proliferation and activation of a variety of cells, however, the exact mechanisms that the role of Ang II or Ang-(1-7) in human endometrial stromal cell (ESCs) remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that Ang II could promote proliferation and activation of ESCs, up-regulated the expression of a-SMA, TGF-β1 and IGF-I, increased the secretion of extracellular matrix [Type I collagen (Col I) and fibronectin (FN)] of ESCs; Ang-(1-7) could inhibit Ang II induced the proliferation and activation of ESCs, down-regulated the expression of a-SMA, TGF-β1 and IGF-I, decreased the secretion of extracellular matrix (Col I and FN) of ESCs. These findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) can inhibits Ang II induced the proliferation of ESCs, Ang-(1-7) can inhibits the Ang II induced activation of ESCs and decreases secretion of Col I and FN by suppressing TGF-β1 and IGF-I expression.