Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of some novel pyrrolizine derivatives

Novel series of pyrrolizines (7, 9a–d, 10a–d, 11a, b, 14a–d, 16, 19, 20a, b, 24, 25a, b), pyrimido[5,4-a]pyrrolizines (12a, b, 13, 15a, b, 18, 21a, b, 22, 23a–d) and pyrido[3,2-a]pyrrolizines (17, 26a, b) were synthesized through different reactions. The chemical structures of all the synthesized pyrrolizine derivatives were determined by spectral and elemental analyses. Antitumor activity evaluation of all the prepared compounds was carried out using NR assay method against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The novel pyrrolizine scaffold 7 and all its prepared derivatives showed high antitumor activity comparable to that of doxorubicin.     

Eco-friendly synthesis and antimicrobial activities of substituted-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivatives

l-Tyrosine is an efficient catalyst for the condensation of substituted indole-3-aldehydes 1(a–d), N-methyl indole-3-aldehydes 4(a–d), and N-ethyl indole-3-aldehydes 6(a–d) with meldrum’s acid (2) containing a cyclic active methylene group to produce 3(a–d), 5(a–d), and 7(a–d), respectively, in water at room temperature for 30 min. The antimicrobial activities of 3(a–d), 5(a–d), and 7(a–d) have been studied.     

Synthesis, antitumor activity of 2-amino-4H-benzo[h]chromene derivatives, and structure–activity relationships of the 3- and 4-positions

Several 2-amino-4H-benzo[h]chromenes (3a–i) and (5a–h) were obtained by reaction of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (1) with α-cyanocinnamonitrile (2a–i) or ethyl α-cyanocinnamate derivatives (4a–h), respectively. Structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. The antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated in comparison with Vinblastine, Colchicine, and Doxorubicin well-known anticancer drugs, using MTT colorimetric assay. Among them, the compounds 5e, 3c, 5f, b, d, 3d, 5c, a were the most active against MCF-7, 5a against HCT-116 and 5a, 3e, a against HepG-2 as compared with the standard drug Vinblastine, while the compounds 5e, 3c, 5f, b, d, 3d, 5c, a, h, 3i, g, a, e were the most active against MCF-7, 5a, c, e, f, b, 3e, c, g, b, 5d, h, 3d, i, 5g against HCT-116, 5a, 3e, a, 5e, 3c, 5d, c, f, 3b, 5g, 3g, 5h against HepG-2 as compared with the standard drug Colchicine. The structure–activity relationships of the 3- and 4-positions were discussed.     

Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity evaluation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinimide and bis-succinimide derivatives

9,10-Dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinimide derivatives 4a–e and bis-succinimide derivatives 6a–e have been synthesized by grinding 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinic anhydride 2 with various mono 3a–e and diamines 5a–e in quantitative yields. All the target compounds were fully characterized by spectrometric and spectroscopic means. Compounds 4a–e, 6a–e and recently reported compounds 4f–p were screened for anti-inflammatory and for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines: T47D, NCI H-522, HCT-15, PA1, and HepG-2. Compounds 4e, 4i, 4j, and 4p exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity and compounds with interesting cytotoxic profile were 4c, 6e (T47D); 4e, 4o (NCI H-522); 4n (HCT-15); 4e, 4h, 4o (PA1); and 4a, 4e, 4f, 4i, 4o (HepG-2).     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivatives as potent anticancer and antimicrobial agents

A focused library of 4,5-dihydropyrazole dervivatives (4, 5, 6, 7a–h, 8, 9a–g, and 10a–g) were synthesized from novel 5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide 4. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, mass spectra, ¹H and ¹³C NMR) and evaluated for antimicrobial activity by broth dilution method and in vitro anticancer activity. Among the synthesized compounds 7a, 9c, 9g, and 10d exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against tested microbial strains. The in vitro cancer results ascertain 7a, 9c, and 10d are most potent molecules in comparison to reference standard cisplatin.     

Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some new indole derivatives containing pyridopyrimidine and pyrazolopyridine moieties

New indole analogues containing pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-(3H)-ones (3a–i), pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amines (4a–i) and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines (5a–i) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic routes. These newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Compounds 3a, 3g, 4c, 4h, 4i, 5a, 5c and 5f exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activities. The compounds 3b, 3c, 3g, 4a, 4h, 4i and 5a exhibited good radical scavenging activity. Compounds 3a and 4d exhibited good metal chelating activity compare with standards.     

Synthesis of some new indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolinyl pyrazoles, -1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their biological activities

A new series of novel compounds [10-substituted 6H, 7H-indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-one-6-yl]carbohydrazides (3a–c), 1-[10-substituted 6H, 7H-indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-one-6-yl]fomyl-, -3′,5′-dimethylpyrazoles (4a–c), -3′,5′-diphenylpyrazoles (5a–c), -3′-methylpyrazol-5′-ones (6a–c) and -1′,3′,4′-oxidiazole-2′-thiones (7a–c) linked to indoloisoquinoline at position-6 through formyl bridge was prepared. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their spectral studies and elemental analysis. These compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6b, 7a, and 7c exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against A. niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus. Compounds 4a, 5a, 5c, 6b, 6c, 7a, and 7b showed good antibacterial activity. Compounds 4b, 4c, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, and 7c showed good radical scavenging activity compared with standards.     

Synthesis, preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation of new 3-formylchromone hydrazones and phosphorohydrazone derivatives of coumarin and chromone

Reactions of chromone derivatives 1–4 with N-substituted hydrazines were described. Hydrazones (6, 7a, 8a–c, 9b–e, 10e, 11e, 12) were evaluated for cytotoxicity (MTT test) against HL-60 and NALM-6 leukemia cells. Phosphorohydrazone of 3-formylchromone 8a and hydrazone of 2-amino-3-chromone derivative 11e showed appreciable cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity indices of 8a, 11e, and 12 were higher on drug-resistant HL-60 ADR cells in comparison to HL-60. Compounds 8a and 11e were tested for their ability to induce cytochrome c translocation from mitochondria to cytosol.     

Synthesis, antitumor activity, and structure–activity relationship of some 4H-pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline and 7H-pyrimido[4′,5′:6,5]pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline derivatives

Several 4H-pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline (3a–d, 4a, 7a,b, 9a–c, 10a,b, 11a,b, and 13a–c) and 7H-pyrimido[4′,5′:6,5]pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline derivatives (8a–c) were obtained by treatment of 8-hydroxyquinoline (1a) and 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (1b) with α-cyano-p-chloro/bromocinnamonitrile (2a,b) or 4H-pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline derivatives (3a,c,d) with different electrophilic reagents followed by nucleophilic reagents. Structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. The antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated in comparison with Vinblastine. Among them, compounds 3c,d, 4a, 8b, 9b,c, 11a,b, and 13a,c inhibited the growth of cancer cells compared to Vinblastine. The structure–activity relationships were discussed.     

5-phenyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl derivatives: synthesis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity

Previously unknown biphenyl containing 5-phenyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl derivatives; methanones (2a–i), tertiary alcohols (3a–l), and carbinols (4a–f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities to study the effect of functionalization at the carbonyl carbon and substitution at biphenyl ring on these activities. The introduction of hydroxyl group at carbonyl carbon enhanced the antioxidant property (3a, 3g, 3h, 4a, and 4b), while antimicrobial activity decreased; the carbinol and tertiary alcohols corresponding to methanone 2a and 2b showed no antimicrobial activity. Biphenyl methanones 1, 2a, 2f, and 2g exhibited antimicrobial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.001 and 0.500 mg/mL, tertiary alcohols 3a, 3g, and 3h and carbinols 4a and 4b exhibited the promising antioxidant property. The mode of action of these active compounds was carried out by docking of receptor GlcN6P synthase with newly synthesized candidate ligands 1, 2a, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 3a, 3g, 3h, 4c, and 4d.     

Design and synthesis of some azole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents

Syntheses of 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones, 4a, 4b, and 5 were performed starting from ester ethoxycarbonylhydrazones (1a, 1b) that were reported earlier. The treatment of triazole derivatives, 4a, 4b, and 5 with several sulfonyl halides produced the corresponding sulfonamides, 6–10. Syntheses of carbo(thio)amides, 15, 17, and 18 were carried out by the treatment of (substituted)phenyliso(thio)cyanates with hydrazides 13, 14 which were obtained starting from 4a and 5 by two steps. Cyclization of compounds 15 and 17 in basic media resulted in the conversion of carbo(thio)amide side chain to 5-oxo- or 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole ring. Cyclocondensation of 17 with ethyl chloroacetate and 4-nitrophenacylbromide gave 1,3-thiazolidin, 20 and 1,3-thiazol 21, derivatives, respectively. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and some of them displayed activity against the test microorganisms. Then the highest activity was observed for compounds 6 and 7 carrying cyclic sulfonamide function beside 1,2,4-triazole nucleus.     

Synthesis anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity evaluation of some pyrazole and oxadiazole derivatives

Pyrazole derivatives IIa–l have been synthesized by condensation of chalcones Ia–f with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine under microwave irradiation in good yields. Oxadiazole derivatives IVa–f have been synthesized by condensation of N′-hydroxypicolinamidine, N′-hydroxy isonicotinamidine, N′-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamidine with 2,5 dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, respectively. Structures assigned to IIa–l and IVa–f are fully supported by correct spectral and analytical data. All compounds (IIa–l & IVa–f) have been screened for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Compounds IIj, IIk, and IVb exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity, while, IIa, c, j, and IVd showed better anticancer activity against four and three cancer cell lines, respectively.     

An efficient, solvent-free microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial screening of 1,6-dihydropyrimidine analogues

A series of compounds 4-(4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-(aryl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-ylthio)butanenitriles 5a–l were synthesised by the reaction of allyl cyanide 4 with 3a–l. Compounds 3a–l were prepared from reaction between various chalcones 1a–l and thiourea in presence of catalytic amount of potassium hydroxide. Compounds 3a–l, and 5a–l were prepared by classical as well as MWI methods. Structures of the compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds 5a–l were screened for their antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi using serial broth dilution method. Compounds 5e, 5g and 5k were found to be most active with MIC of 25?μg/mL against selected bacterial strains, while compound 5d, 5f, 5j and 5k were found to be most active with MIC 50?μg/mL against selected fungal strains.     

Phytochemical constituents of Mongolian traditional medicinal plants, Chamaerhodos erecta and C. altaica, and its constituents prevents the extracellular matrix degradation factors

Activity-guided isolation of the n-butanol fraction of Chamaerhodos erecta and water soluble fraction of C. altaica resulted in the isolation of 39 compounds, including new compounds identified as 4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) from C. erecta and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) from C. altaica. A total of 37 other compounds were identified based on physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Antioxidative activity was evaluated using a DPPH radical-scavenging method, hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, and advanced glycation end products production inhibitory activity of isolated compounds. Some flavonols (4, 6, 9–11, 14, 15), catechins (18, 19), an amino acid (20), a lignan glucoside (23), and tannins (29–39) exhibited potential a free radical scavenging activity while the new compound (1) showed weak activity. A catechin (18) and some of the tannins (32, 33, 35, 36, 38) had moderate hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. Some of flavonoids and tannins prevented advanced glycation end products production, and the IC₅₀ of compounds 3, 9, 14–16, 33, 34, 36, 38, and 39 were determined.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some isoxazolyl thiazolyl pyrazoles

A series of isoxazolyl thiazolyl pyrazoles 5a–d was synthesized by multi-step process, starting from 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (dehydroacetic acid, DHAA) 1. DHAA 1 was easily converted to thiosemicarbazone 2 which on reaction with α-bromoketones yielded thiazolyl hydrazones 3. Refluxing 3 in ethanol-acetic acid furnished 1-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-substituted pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-butanediones 4. Finally, the title compounds 5a–d were synthesized from 4 on treatment with hydroxylamine. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of compounds 3a–d, 4a–d and 5a–d were tested. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Phenylpropanoids and lignanoids from Euonymus acanthocarpus

A new phenylpropanoid derivative (1), along with five phenylpropanoids (2–6), two monoepoxy lignans (8–9), one bisepoxy lignan (10), two cyclolignans (11–12), six neolignans (7, 13–17), two mixed lignan-neolignans (18–19), two lignan glycosides (20–21), and four flavonolignans (22–25), were isolated from the stems and twigs of Euonymus acanthocarpus. Compounds 2–3, 6–8, 12, and 14–25 were obtained from Celastraceae family for the first time, and compounds 5 and 9 were isolated from Euonymus genus for the first time. All the compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3 and MCG-803 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3, 10, 12, and 18 showed weak cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3 cell line, and compounds 3–4, 10–13, and 19 showed weak cytotoxicity against MCG-803 cell line.     

New cholestane glycosides and sterols from the underground parts of Chamaelirium luteum and their cytotoxic activity

Six new cholestane glycosides (1, 5, 6, 10, 12, and 13) and two new sterols (9 and 11), along with five known compounds (2–4, 7, and 8), were isolated from the underground parts of Chamaelirium luteum (Liliaceae). The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds and aglycones were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human leukemia cells. Compounds 6a, 10a, 12a, 13, and 13a were cytotoxic to HL-60 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 12.8, 9.8, 15.3, 6.2, and 10.2 µM, respectively.     

Regioselective synthesis of [1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-(1H)-one and [1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazol-4(3H)-one derivatives

The cycloaddition reaction of N-phenyl-C-cinnamonitrilimine4 to coumarin leads to the formation of 3-styrylbenzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole derivative6, whereas 3-phenylsulfonylcoumarin 0163 0181 V 39 or 3-bromocoumarin10 or 3-cyanocoumarin11 gives 1-styrylbenzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole derivative7. Also, the cycloaddition of4 to 3-acetylcoumarin15 and 3-benzoylcoumarin16 gives the corresponding dihydropyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole adducts17 and18 respectively. Oxidation of17 and18 gives7.     

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel thienopyrimidine and triazolothienopyrimidine derivatives

Novel tricyclic thienopyrimidines (2, 3, 5, 8) and triazole-fused tetracyclic thienopyrimidines (6a–c and 9a–c) were synthesized from the precursor 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile (1). The structures of newly synthesized compounds were established by spectral and analytical data. The title compounds were screened for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenicity index, and antibacterial activities. Test compounds exhibited significant activity, the compounds (6a–c) and (9a–c) showed more potent analgesic activity, and the compounds (6c) and (9c) showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than the reference standard Diclofenac Sodium. All the synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel curcumin analogues as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant agents

A series of novel curcumin analogues 5a–m were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of various aromatic and heteroaromatic amides of 3-aminoactophenones 4a–m with 3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis and were evaluated for anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activity. Out of the 13 synthesized compounds, compounds 5f, 5j and 5m were excellent inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6. Compounds 5c, 5e, 5b and 5d showed potent COX-2 inhibition, compounds 5d and 5f have shown good trypsin inhibition and compounds 5e, 5g and 5c exhibited excellent β-glucuronidase inhibition. Compounds 5l and 5m showed potent anti-cancer activity against selected five human cancer cell lines. All the compounds exhibited moderate free radical scavenging activity, while compounds 5a and 5m were excellent OH radical scavengers.