急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的 分析研究急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点. 方法 将急性下壁心肌梗死患者100例根据冠状动脉造影结果分为两组:76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞(A组),24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞(B组). 结果 心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡ及ST段压低STAVL>ST I A组显著高于B组(均P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1 mV A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);胸前导联V1～6ST段压低患者中,合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者显著高于胸前导联V1～6ST段无压低者(P<0.05);左心室射血分数(LVEF)A组[(51±14)%]显著低于B组[(57±10)%](P<0.05);合并右心室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);急性下壁心肌梗死患者总的住院病死率6%,均为A组,但心源性休克、心力衰竭、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动及住院病死率,两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);死亡者中心源性休克占83.3%. 结论 心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ、I、AVL、及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,心源性休克为死亡主要原因.     

急性左主干闭塞所致急性心肌梗死的临床特点

目的 回顾性分析急性左主干（LM）闭塞所致急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床表现,总结此类患者的临床特点。方法 从1995年1月至2006年5月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院共完成1793例AMI患者的急诊经皮介入治疗（PCI）,其中共有15例患者的梗死相关血管为左主干。15例患者均为男性,年龄（43—85）（60．6±10．4）岁。回顾性分析这15位患者的临床资料、造影和介入治疗情况、以及临床随访结果。结果 1例患者表现为aVR导联以外的广泛导联ST段压低,其余14例均表现为急性广泛前壁心肌梗死。10例（66．7％）患者术前存在严重心源性休克,所有患者均在主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）支持下接受急诊PCI治疗。急性期死亡9例（60．0％）,存活的6例患者均完成3个月随访,其中1例于术后4年猝死。对比分析的结果,提示术前存在良好的侧支循环可能是影响此类患者近期预后的影响因素。结论 LM急性闭塞所致的AMI患者病情凶险,心源性休克发生率及急性期死亡率高。IABP支持下急诊PCI治疗可以挽救部分病人的生命和改善预后。     

Secretory type II phospholipase A2 in culprit coronary lesions is associated with myocardial infarction

Background Secretory type‐II phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂‐II) is a cardiovascular risk marker since higher levels of this acute phase protein imply an increased risk for coronary artery disease. Moreover, it is hypothesized that local activity of sPLA₂‐II in the atherosclerotic plaque facilitates an inflammatory response to induce plaque instability or rupture. We have studied the presence of sPLA₂‐II in culprit lesions in the coronary arteries of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or angina pectoris. Materials and methods We performed a histological examination of culprit lesions in 41 patients with stable (SAP) or unstable angina pectoris (UAP), or AMI using directed coronary atherectomy (DCA). Frozen slides were analysed immuno‐histochemically for the presence of sPLA₂‐II, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Immunopositive areas were calculated as a percentage of the total tissue area using image analysis software. Results Intracellular sPLA₂‐II was found in atherosclerotic lesions in the macrophages of the intima as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells. Next to this, extracellular sPLA₂‐II depositions were also found. These depositions were significantly more extensive in patients with AMI, i.e. 26%^median[6%^{25th(percentile)}–44%^{75th(percentile)}] of the intima area, than in patients with SAP 0%^median (0%^25th–10%^75th; P = 0·013) or UAP 0%^median (0%^25th–0%^75th; P = 0·04). Conclusions Extracellular sPLA₂‐II is more abundantly present in atherosclerotic culprit lesions that have led to myocardial infarction. This suggests a role for extracellular sPLA₂‐II in the development of complications of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries.     

急性心肌梗死后非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术临床研究

目的:探讨冠心病急性心肌梗死30 d内非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析130例急性心机梗死患者30 d内非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术患者的临床资料,分析冠状动脉病变、冠状动脉搭桥支数、血液动力学参数、心肌损伤指标等因素的变化。结果:130例急性心机梗死患者30 d内非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术后死亡4例(3.1%),心力衰竭9例(6.9%),心律失常20例(15.4%)。结论:急性心肌梗死30 d内冠状动脉搭桥手术具有可行性和安全性,但术前肌钙蛋白I应尽量接近或达到正常,急性期手术其术后并发症发生率高于非急性期手术。     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者低剂量动态心肌灌注定量心肌血流量与高敏肌钙蛋白峰值水平及左心室功能的相关性

目的 观察ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者低剂量动态心肌灌注定量心肌血流量（MBF）与高敏肌钙蛋白（hs-TnT）峰值水平及左心室功能受损程度的相关性。方法 对35例发病1周内血管再通成功的STEMI患者行动态负荷CT动态心肌血流灌注（CT-MPI）检查，计算相关血流动力学参数，并收集hs-TnT数值及左心室射血分数（LVEF）；对其中25例的相关血流动力学参数与hs-TnT水平及LVEF行相关性分析。结果 动态CT-MPI平均辐射剂量为（3.30±1.12）mSv；梗死心肌区域MBF为（30.80±14.65）ml/（min·100 ml），低于参考区域的（72.80±10.70）ml/（min·100 ml）（P<0.001），心肌血容量（MBV）为（1.70±1.40）ml/100 ml低于参考区域的（4.10±2.00）ml/100 ml（P=0.02）；MBF与hs-TnT峰值（r=-0.61，P=0.001）及LVEF值（r=0.46，P=0.02）显著相关，其他血流动力学参数与hs-TnT峰值及LVEF值均无明显相关。结论 动态CT-MPI定量计算MBF值与hs-TnT峰值呈显著负相关，MBF值显著降低患者左心室功能亦减低。     

丹参多酚酸盐对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗术后心肌组织灌注影响的临床研究

目的 急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)加丹参多酚酸盐与直接PCI术加常规药物治疗对照相比,是否可以减少无再流,改善心肌微循环,是否可以改善术后6个月的心室重构以及临床终点的影响.方法 随机、平行对照、前瞻性临床研究,入选因首次急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死入院,适合并同意行直接PCI术的患者60例,随机分成2组,直接PCI术+丹参多酚酸盐组30例(A组),直接PCI术+常规药物治疗组30例(B组),随访至术后6个月.采用ST段抬高总和回落百分比(sum STR)、校正的TIMI帧数计数(CTFC)、心肌声学造影检查(MCE)等多种方法评价心肌灌注.观察住院及随访期间患者出血事件、心功能以及心血管事件的发生.结果 2组基础临床情况、急诊CAG结果及急诊PCI置入支架情况差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).A组与B组相比,术后TIMI 3级血流发生率高(90.0%与63.3%,χ~2= 4.565,P=0.0326);A组术后1 h心电图平均sum STR≥70%明显高于B组(80.0%与50.0%,χ~2=4.689, P=0.0304);术后CTFC分别为(24.1±8.3)帧与(33.4±15.9)帧,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0062).2组局部心肌血流量(MBF)术后48 h相比无明显差异(P均>0.05),但术后7 d 2组均有明显增加(5.85±1.26与2.09±1.85,t=9.2008,P<0.0001;3.95±1.35与1.95±1.29,t=5.8666,P<0.0001),并且组间比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01).2组在住院期间以及6个月随访左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)相比无明显差异(P均>0.05).住院及随访期间严重心力衰竭发生率,A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 丹参多酚酸盐可以减少急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI中无复流现象的发生,改善心肌再灌注,减少心脏不良事件改善预后.     

急诊冠状动脉搭桥术在急性心肌梗死治疗中的应用

目的探讨应用急诊冠状动脉搭桥术治疗急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的可行性。方法对1999年1月至2003年2月我院46例AMI患者行急诊冠状动脉搭桥术(E—CABG)治疗进行回顾性分析。结果46例AMI患者中40例抢救成功,成功率为87．0％。结论E—CABG是治疗危重急性心肌梗死的有效方法,但需要具备一系列综合抢救措施、多学科的心脏中心以及一定数龟的常规冠状动脉搭桥术的技术和经验。     

脑钠肽对早发急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的影响

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度对早发急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者近期预后的预测价值。方法检测90例AMI患者(男<55岁,女<65岁)入院时的血浆BNP和肌钙蛋白T(TnT)浓度,记录患者住院和平均随访6个月期间的心血管事件(心血管意外死亡、心力衰竭、再发心绞痛或再发心肌梗死),分析BNP与TnT的相关性及BNP对近期预后的预测价值。结果早发AMI患者平均BNP浓度高于对照组[(238.74±131.59)pgmlvs.(38.70±23.81)pgml,P<0.01]。早发AMI组BNP与TnT成正相关(r=0.805,P<0.01)。早发AMI患者心血管意外死亡再发心绞痛再发心肌梗死事件组BNP与无此事件组相比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);发生心力衰竭或复合心血管事件组BNP高于未发生组[(337.75±66.05)pgmlvs.(229.08±132.61)pgml,P<0.05;(304.05±134.94)pgmlvs.(214.37±120.86)pgml,P<0.01]。多变量回归分析,BNP是预测早发AMI患者近期心血管事件的有效指标(RR:1.831,95%CI1.086～3.514,P=0.016)。结论血浆BNP可以反映早发AMI患者心肌坏死的程度和预测近期预后。     

Circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is not an early marker of acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) are elevated early in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured serum levels of PAPP-A in 80 patients with AMI and in 80 age-matched healthy control subjects. The mean (+/-SEM) time from onset of symptoms to blood sampling was 6.3 +/- 2.8 h in the group with AMI. RESULTS: The PAPP-A levels did not differ between the control group and the AMI group (1.24 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.02 mIU/l; P = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of serum PAPP-A does not seem to be a useful early marker for AMI.     

Left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction

10 patients with their first AMI were studied within the first 48 hours and again after 3 weeks. Central and peripheral haemodynamics (CI, SV, SW, TPR) were examined, including indices of contractility (dp/dlmax) and wall stiffness (P/V, relation P/V to P) of the left ventricle.In the early phase CI and SW, as well as LV dp/dt_max were depressed in accordance with symptoms of LV failure. P/V was increased. Elevation of LVEDP correlated well with ventricular gallop rhythm, but less consistently with LV functional disturbance.During convalescence CI increased uniformly, both in digitalized and non-digitalized individuals. In contrast heart rate, aortic pressure, LVEDP and dp/dt_max remained unchanged. The increase of CI, SV and SW was accompanied by a fall of TPR and P/V. LV wall stiffness was still elevatedabove normal after 3 weeks. The improvement of cardiac pumping during infarct convalescence may have been effected through a fall of TPR and LV wall stiffness. Recovery of depressed contractile performance was generally not observed, and does therefore not seem to contribute to recuperation.Herrn Prof. Dr. med. P. Schölmerich zum 60. Geburtstag.     

不同的梗死相关血管急性下壁心肌梗死特点

目的分析不同梗死相关血管的急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果将急性下壁心肌梗死患者分2组,A组76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞,B组24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞,并进行比较分析。结果心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1mVA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者数在胸前导联ST段压低的患者中显著多于无胸前导联ST段压低患者(P<0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)A组显著低于B组[(51±14)%vs(57±10)%,P<0.05];合并右室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);心源性休克,心力衰竭,Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动,住院死亡率等两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,但临床并发症两组间差异无统计学意义。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗对心脏舒张功能的影响

目的 :观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者静脉溶栓治疗对心脏舒张功能的影响。方法 :选择接受静脉溶栓治疗的AMI患者 5 0例 ,用HP2 5 0 0彩色多普勒超声心动图测定二尖瓣血流A峰 /E峰面积 (VA/VE)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)、短轴缩短率 (FS) ,以及应用Killip分级判定心功能。 结果 :36例溶通组与 14例未通组相比 ,VA/VE比值明显低于未通组( 1 0 12 9± 0 342 7比 1 3335± 0 40 77,P <0 0 1) ;VA/VE >1出现率少 ( 4 7 2 %比 85 7% ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :静脉溶栓治疗AMI使梗死相关血管再灌注后 ,对左室舒张功能作用更大     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后早期心室重构及心功能变化相关研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后早期心脏结构及心功能的变化。方法直接行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者40例(AMI组),行冠状动脉造影术证实存在左冠状动脉支配区域冠心病患者40例(对照组),2组均于术前1d、AMI组于术后1周行心脏超声检查,检测心脏结构及功能。结果术前AMI组左心室质量、左心室质量指数及舒张早期峰值速度/舒张晚期峰值速度高于对照组(P<0.05);AMI组术后左心房内径、右心室内径较术前明显增大,舒张早期峰值速度、舒张晚期峰值速度、E峰下降时间较术前明显增加,左心室质量、左心室质量指数较术前明显减小(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死后早期即可发生心室重构,对心室重构进行早期评价及防治是再灌注治疗的关键。     

探讨青壮年急性心肌梗死相关的危险因素及干预措施

目的探讨青壮年人急性心肌梗死相关的危险因素、临床特征、发病特点,有针对性早期干预控制危险因素,监控高危人群,预防和延缓冠心病和急性心肌梗死的发生和发展。方法回顾分析36例患者的临床资料。结果青壮年人心肌梗死危险因素依次为吸烟（77．78％）、血脂增高（44．44％）、高血压（22．22％）、平时精神压力大（66．67％）、超重及肥胖症（63．89％）、饮酒史（55．56％）、糖尿病（11．11％）;危险因素及诱发危险因素劳累（38．89％）、饮酒（36．11）、情绪激动（25％）、饱餐（11．11％）。结论清楚与青壮年AMI有关的危险因素和发病诱因,积极做好预防干预对防治心肌梗死发生发展有其意义重大。     

二甲双胍改善急性心肌梗死患者心功能指标的研究

目的探讨二甲双胍对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心功能的改善情况以及相关的机制。方法采用单中心、随机、安慰剂对照、单盲法,将入选的128例AMI患者随机分为对照组（安慰剂）和干预组（二甲双胍,500 mg/bid口服）,同时给予冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）二级预防治疗。评估两组患者基线资料和随访3个月后心功能指标。结果两组患者基线资料无明显差别;就诊时已超过溶栓治疗时间窗;两组患者心功能指标LVEF和左心室短轴缩短率（FS）和6分钟步行试验（6MWT）值均为正常下限,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。随访3个月后,与对照组相比,干预组患者血浆NT-ProBNP水平较低,而脂联素水平较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;同时干预组心功能指标如LVEF和FS也优于对照组（P〈0.05）;虽然干预组患者6MWT稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论二甲双胍对AMI未合并糖尿病、且未行血管重建的患者具有心血管保护作用。     

康复运动对心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的　探讨康复治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者心功能的影响。方法　对 2 6例AMI患者急性期和恢复期进行 6个月个体化的康复治疗 ,并于发病 6个月后进行心脏功能评定。结果　 14例患者心脏功能由发病 1个月时的 4 98± 0 6 6METs提高到发病半年时 8 2 0± 2 33METs,峰值心率血压乘积 (RPP ,10 2 mmHg×次 /min)亦由 12 5 36± 2 9 6 3提高到 184 4 2± 30 6 0。 12例患者发病半年时心脏功能为 8 0 2±2 0 3METs。结论　对AMI急性期和恢复期患者进行康复治疗可增强其心脏功能 ,改善心肌氧供 ,提高生活质量。     

Cocaine-induced acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction may occur following cocaine use. Cocaine-induced infarction is particularly common in younger patients aged 18 to 45 years old. Patients may or may not have angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease at the time of their acute event. Previous studies have shown that coronary artery spasm occurs with cocaine use, and perhaps platelet activation, both contributing to a process that may culminate in coronary artery occlusion. Primary coronary intervention should be the preferred revascularization modality by an experienced team. Thrombolytic therapy needs to be instituted if this intervention is unavailable. Beta blockers should be utilized with caution since they may increase coronary spasm or cause a paradoxical rise in blood pressure. They should be avoided in the early hours of the infarction, but be instituted prior to patient discharge. Interruption of cocaine abuse is the cornerstone of secondary prevention in cocaine-related myocardial infarction.