CT引导下穿刺造影靶位注射胶原酶治疗术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症10例临床研究

目的:探讨在CT引导下经小关节内侧缘穿刺,应用造影剂观察药物分布,准确行靶位注射胶原酶[1]治疗术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法:10例经临床确诊为腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的患者,在CT引导下经小关节内侧缘入路将穿刺针直接刺入突出物内,注射欧乃派0.5ml,观察药物分布情况后,注入胶原酶600u。临床观察患者术后6～12个月的治疗效果,用改良的Macnab方法评价疗效。结果:10例患者穿刺针均顺利准确刺入突出物,造影剂均匀分布在突出物及盘内。治疗优、良率为100%,无严重并发症。结论:CT引导下穿刺造影,观察造影剂的扩散后,再行靶位注射胶原酶对于术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症,可以进一步提高治疗效果,减少并发症的发生。     

经皮旋切术联合胶原酶靶点溶解治疗颈椎间盘突出症

目的:评价经皮旋切术联合胶原酶靶点溶解治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法:选取50例颈椎间盘突出症患者,使用微创电动椎间盘旋切器在X线引导下行病变椎间盘旋切术,并于突出物内注射胶原酶100U.于出院时术后1月、3月、6月按Williams标准评价疗效.结果:出院时及术后1月、3月、6月优良率分别为80%、86%、92%和92%.结论:经皮旋切术联合胶原酶靶点溶解治疗颈椎间盘突出症,具有创伤小、近期疗效好、恢复快等优点.     

突出物靶点射频消融联合臭氧盘内外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的:观察突出物靶点射频消融联合臭氧盘内外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法:经CT或MRI诊断为腰椎间盘突出症的患者128例,根据入院先后分成两组.对照组64例椎间盘内、椎间孔注射臭氧组;试验组64例突出物靶点射频消融联合椎间盘内、椎间孔注射臭氧组.临床疗效采用MacNab评分及VAS评分,分别评价术后1天、5天,电话随访6个月疗效.结果:术后1天、5天的有效率分别为:对照组92.19%,90.63%;试验组:93.75%,90.63%.组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).术后6个月的有效率为对照组:70.31%,试验组:92.19%,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:突出物靶点射频消融联合臭氧盘内外注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法,6个月疗效高于单纯臭氧盘内外注射.     

胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症150例

目的：评估腰椎间盘突出症胶原酶溶解术的临床应用,方法：150例腰椎间盘突出症选择病例行椎间盘内及盘外胶原酶注射,患者随访1年,评估其疗效。结果：胶原酶溶解术的总有效率达82％（123／150）,两例合并椎间盘感染,无其他并发症,结论：胶原酶注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法之一。     

CT介入下颈前路靶向注射胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症分析

目的:探讨CT介入下颈前路靶向注射胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症的有效性及安全性.方法:126例临床诊断为颈椎间盘突出症患者,在CT介入下经颈前路穿刺达相应椎间盘内,通过纤维环破口及流体力学原理,靶向注射胶原酶200～ 600u,使胶原酶集中在盘内髓核破损处及突出物处.观察患者术前、术后1、3、7、90、180天视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后1、3、6月改良Macnab疗效、术后6月突出物缩小程度评定及相关并发症.结果:术后1、3、7、90、180天VAS评分均较术前有显著差异(P<0.05),术后1、3、6月改良Macnab疗效优良率分别为86.5%、94.4%、96.8%.术后6月复查91.8%突出物中、重度缩小.结论:CT介入下经颈前路靶向注射胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症疗效可靠,适应症广,安全性高.     

胶原酶盘外溶解术两种术中定位方法的对照研究

目的：比较胶原酶盘外溶解术的测量麻醉平面和椎管造影两种定位方法，并观察椎管造影对胶原酶的效价有无影响。方法：随机将234例患腰椎间盘突出症、经骶裂孔硬膜外前间隙置管注射胶原酶的患者分为两组：对照组和造影组，两组均在X线下操作，置管成功后对照组采用测量麻醉平面法；造影组拔除钢丝，注射造影剂观察其分布范围；并比较两组置入导管的预测值、预定值和实测值，术后随访3年，进行疗效评价。结果：椎管造影分布节段的范围与麻醉平面测定范围无统计学差异；置入导管长度，预测值加1厘米与实测值相符；术后3年远期疗效两组间无差异。结论：1．椎管造影对胶原酶溶解术的术中定位较麻醉平面法精确，主要能够直观确定导管位于硬膜外的位置。2．硬膜外导管置入长度的预定值与实测值很接近。3．本文结果表明椎管造影剂对胶原酶溶解术疗效无影响。     

经皮CT椎间盘造影术确定髓核化学溶解方法

目的:通过经皮CT椎间盘造影术对腰椎间盘突出症行病变椎间盘分型,以便确定椎间盘化学髓核溶解方法.方法:本组诊断为腰椎间盘突出症患者118例,局麻下行后外侧径路穿刺入椎间盘.CT断层示针尖位于椎间盘的中心或中后1/3交界处,根据CT椎间盘造影术将病变椎间盘分为三型:(1)包容型;(2)突出型;(3)破裂型.根据病变椎间盘分型选择溶核方法.(1)包容型:盘内外臭氧溶核疗法;(2)突出型:应用臭氧溶核疗法联合胶原酶盘外注射;(3)破裂型:盘内外联合注射胶原酶溶核疗法.每组都经椎间孔注射得宝松1mg.术后随访三年,采用McNab标准评估.结果:本组在CT监测下穿刺成功率为100%.CT腰椎间盘造影术分型结果为:包容型占36.44%(43例),突出型34.75%(41例)和破裂型28.81%(34例).治疗后随访三年,总有效率分别为:包容型93%,突出型86.8%和破裂型79.1%.结论:(1)经皮CT椎间盘造影术能够显示椎间盘的病理形态改变,可确定椎间盘突出症病变椎间盘分型.(2)通过这种分型选择椎间盘突出症髓核化学溶解术方法,临床远期随访获得满意疗效,且避免了包容型和突出型腰椎间盘突出症胶原酶盘内注射后的疼痛反应,临床推广应用有重要意义.     

靶点射频联合盘内小剂量胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的:观察和分析突出物靶点射频联合盘内小剂量胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果.方法:对236例腰椎间盘突出症患者行突出物靶点射频联合盘内(突出物)小剂量(75U-200U)胶原酶注射术.术后2周与3月根据Maenab标准评定疗效,对比术前与术后3月椎间盘突出指数(IDH).结果:术后2周与3月优良率分别为66.5%和88.1%;术后3月复查CT突出物缩小或消失占复查病例86.8%,IDH值较术前减少,具有统计学差异.各例术中及术后均无严重并发症发生.结论:靶点射频联合盘内小剂量胶原酶注射术是一种治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效而安全的方法.     

CT引导下臭氧胶原酶联合治疗颈椎间盘突出症疗效观察

目的 观察臭氧联合胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效及安全性.方法 118例颈椎间盘突出症患者,随机分为联合组:臭氧联合胶原酶注射组,对照组;单纯臭氧注射组,分别于术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月对两组患者进行疗效评价.结果 两组术后疗效均优于术前,联合组术后疗效明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),两组均无不良反应发生.结论 臭氧联合胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症,两者具有协同作用.     

胶原酶注入椎间盘突出物治疗腰椎间盘突出症

腰椎间盘突出症是引起坐骨神经疼痛的重要原因之一，牵引、推拿、硬膜外皮质激素注射等是常用的治疗方法。对上述治疗失效的患者可采用手术疗法。目前，采用胶原酶椎间盘溶解术治疗椎间盘突出症已成为替代部分手术的重要选择。过去，常用的方法是在C型臂X线显示下，将胶原酶直接注射人椎间盘中央，主要用于治疗椎间盘膨出，其疗效确切，但不适于椎间盘突出与椎间盘脱出患者。本研究在CT监控下将胶原酶直接注入椎间盘突出物来治疗腰椎间盘突出症，旨在探讨治疗椎间盘突出症的新方法。     

ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL REGULATION OF THE GROWTH OF TISSUES : THE EFFECTS OF THE DILUTION OF THE MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SPLEEN.

It may be concluded that the degree of dilution of the culture medium has a marked influence on the rate of growth of splenic tissue. The maximum acceleration was obtained in a medium composed of three volumes of normal plasma and two volumes of distilled water. The growth in this hypotonic plasma was very much larger than in normal plasma. On the contrary, the growth of the spleen in hypertonic plasma was always less than in normal plasma. In other experiments, we found that in diluted plasma there was also an acceleration of the growth of the skin, the heart, and the liver of chickens. The skin of adult frogs also grew more actively in this plasma. The optimum degree of dilution varied according to the nature of the tissues and to the species of the animals. While the plasma containing two fifths distilled water produced the largest growth of splenic tissue, a slightly less diluted medium was more favorable for the liver and the heart, and generally for the skin also. The action of hypertonic plasma varied also in a large measure. While the spleen did not grow at all in the medium containing 0.0124 and 0.0144 sodium chlorid, the skin, on the other hand, could stand a high concentration of the sodium chlorid. Even its growth was activated in media containing 0.0094 and 0.0124 sodium chlorid and was greater than with normal plasma. The spleen of kittens was very easily affected by the changes of the dilution of the plasma, while the skin of the frog presented its best growth in plasma containing one half distilled water. Marked variations in the sensitiveness of tissues to hypertonic and hypotonic media will probably be observed in animals of different species. From these experiments, three conclusions can be drawn: namely, that certain laws of growth, discovered by Loeb, in lower organisms are true also for higher organisms; that normal plasma is not the optimum medium for the growth of tissue; and that each tissue has probably its optimum medium. The growth of the spleen is, without doubt, considerably modified by the variations of the dilution and perhaps of the osmotic tension of the plasma. It is possible then that the influence of osmotic tension, discovered by Loeb, in the growth of certain organisms, is a general law applicable as well to higher forms of life— frogs, cats, and chickens—as to lower organisms—tubularia and sea-urchins. In placing tubularia in different dilutions of sea-water and distilled water, Loeb found that the greatest rate of regeneration was observed when two volumes of distilled water were added to three volumes of sea-water. But fertilized eggs of sea-urchins were more sensitive to the action of hypertonic plasma, and they all died in a dilution of sea-water with two fifths distilled water. If only one fifth distilled water was added to the sea-water they developed normally. We found that the cells of certain tissues of the chicken follow a similar rule, since the maximal growth of the spleen is obtained in plasma containing two fifths distilled water, while other tissues grow better in a less hypotonic medium. Normal plasma is certainly not the ideal medium for the growth of tissues, since slight modifications of the tension, the alkalinity, or the addition of certain inorganic salts to normal plasma, increase the rate of the growth of tissues.     

THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES OF THE NEW-BORN

Those conditions of the new-born characterized by a hemorrhagic tendency, icterus, and fatty changes, are probably all syndromes which may occur as the result of a number of toxic agents. All of them, however, have been produced, in these experiments, by the action of a single experimental agent. Thus, a picture indistinguishable from that called Buhl''s disease has been obtained by the use of chloroform, as have also the pictures known as Winckel''s disease, melæna neonatorum, etc. Chloroform is not held to be the only substance that has this power. It stands rather as one member of a group of agents, the effects of which in general and in individual organs are similar to those caused by lack of oxygen. The essential features of these conditions have also been produced by direct asphyxiation of the fetus. The suggestion is therefore made that underlying all these symptoms and pathological complexes, there is a deficiency of oxidation, general, local, or selective, thus bringing this group of diseases into the general category of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, eclampsia, pernicious vomiting, cyclic vomiting, phosphorus poisoning, etc. In human beings, chloroform and asphyxia must, in many instances, be the determining causes. There remain, however, other cases in which different factors are to be sought.     

THE INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE GUINEA-PIG TO THE TOXIC ACTION OF THE BLOOD SERUM OF THE HORSE

Following the divisions before used, the results presented in the preceding pages may be briefly stated. I. The particular method of sensitization and the place where the test injection is made have an important bearing on the results obtained by various workers. Comparing the results obtained by the various methods, we may conclude that the incubation period of the hypersensitive reaction is not sharply limited, but that there is a progressive increase in sensitiveness from the sixth day, and presumably before that, extending over a period of several weeks. It seems very probable that the degree of hypersensitiveness attained where the sensitizing dose consists of a mixture of diphtheria toxin and serum is greater than when a single dose of the same small quantity of serum is given alone. II. Our early experiments, the first in this field, are in thorough agreement with those first reported by Otto, and shortly after him by Rosenau and Anderson. III. This hypersensitive reaction is transmissible from mother to offspring. The transmission is probably not equally effective in all cases, and individual young guinea-pigs probably vary greatly in the rate with which they lose their ability to react. As a result not all of the young of a hypersensitive mother react to a subcutaneous dose of five cubic centimeters of serum given when they are four or five weeks old. The reaction in the young animals differs quite markedly from that in those actively sensitized. These differences are such as to indicate that in the mother there is a considerable localization of the reaction in tissues and organs whose destruction does not cause sudden death. This local reaction is a protective factor and is not transmitted to the same degree as the factors involved in the fatal acute reaction. IV. The hypersensitive reaction to horse serum depends on the development of a special anti-body during the incubation period, which anti-body may be passively transferred to a fresh animal. If the dose of hypersensitive serum be sufficient, and the intoxicating injection be given directly into the circulation, this passive hypersensitiveness may be enough so that the animal will die when tested. There is also in the serum of hypersensitive guinea-pigs an uneliminated horse serum element or "rest," which is distinct from this antibody, and probably without influence on the course of the acute reaction. V. The anti-body on which the hypersensitive reaction depends may be entirely neutralized by horse serum without causing symptoms. The gradual introduction of increasing doses over a total period of twenty-four hours suffices for this. The animal is then, properly speaking, neither immune nor refractory, but is essentially in the condition of a normal animal which has recently had a large dose of horse serum. This rapid neutralization is made possible by the great binding power which the subcutaneous and other relatively unimportant tissues have for the toxic element of the serum. The so-called "Phenomenon of Arthus" is probably the same reaction for the rabbit that we have here dealt with in the guinea-pig. The fact that the manifestation is more prominently a local one depends on racial differences. I have encountered cases in the guinea-pig in which the conditions in the rabbit are closely simulated.     

THE EXTENT OF THE CAPILLARY BED OF THE HEART

By means of injections made into the coronary arteries of beating hearts it has been possible to determine the number of capillaries in the normal heart muscle. This study has shown a very rich blood supply with an average of approximately one capillary for each muscle fibre in the ventricular walls and papillary muscles, and a less abundant supply in the auricular muscle and Purkinje system. The number of capillaries per sq. mm. of ventricular wall or papillary muscle is about twice that found by Krogh in skeletal muscle. Capillaries were not found constantly in the valves of hearts in which there was apparently a complete injection of the capillary bed. The method described for injecting the capillaries of the heart also provides a means of studying the blood supply to the muscle, valves and aortic wall in pathological hearts.     

THE INFLUENCE UPON THE SPLEEN AND THE THYROID OF THE COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE EXTERNAL FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS

The complete removal of the function of the pancreas concerned in digestion is followed by marked changes in the spleen and in the thyroid apparatus. Second, the spleen shows an extreme simple atrophy. Third, the thyroid apparatus exhibits a constant change shown by the macroscopic transparency of the gland, by the microscopic increase in the amount of colloid, by the chemical increase of the iodine content of the gland, and by the functional test of the delayed appearance of tetany after the complete removal of the thyroid apparatus.     

学生健康体检结果分析

在校学生进行健康体检,对常见病患病率进行统计分析,提议在体检 中应加入血液流变学指标。