内镜粘膜下剥离术治疗胃浅表病变手术时长的影响因素分析

目的 探讨造成胃浅表病变内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）手术时间较长（大于120 min）的独立危险因素。 方法 从北京友谊医院内镜中心病历库中,收集2015年1月至2017年12月因术前诊断早期胃癌而行ESD治疗的病例资料,包括患者基本信息（年龄、性别、体重指数、合并症等）、病灶特征（大小、部位、形态等）、操作者经验、手术时间及术后病理等信息,最终纳入193例（195处病灶）。对收集到的资料先行单因素分析以寻找ESD手术时间的影响因素,对于其中有统计学差异的因素再纳入Logistic回归分析以寻找ESD手术时间大于120 min的独立危险因素。 结果 193例患者平均年龄为63.34±9.11岁,手术时间为120.00（95.00,165.00）min,病灶长轴为1.50（1.00,2.38）cm,术后病理诊断早期胃癌164例（84.10%）,其中162例（98.78%）达到整块切除,148例（90.24%）达到治愈性切除。单因素分析中,患者性别（P=0.018）、病灶部位（P＜0.001）及病灶长轴大小（r=0.209,P=0.007）与手术时间相关,而年龄、体重指数、美国麻醉医师协会分级（ASA分级）、病灶表面是否粗糙、有无白苔、有无溃疡、病变浸润深度、手术时期、病灶大体形状、分化程度及操作者年资均不是手术时间的影响因素（P＞0.05）。患者性别、病灶部位、病灶长轴纳入多因素Logistic回归分析发现,病灶位于贲门/胃底（OR=5.656,95%CI：2.291～13.964,P＜0.001）、胃体（OR=2.667,95%CI：1.048～6.785,P=0.040）及病灶长轴＞2 cm（OR=2.761,95%CI：1.229～6.205,P=0.014）是手术时间超过120 min的独立危险因素。 结论 胃浅表病变行ESD治疗时,病灶位于贲门/胃底、胃体及病灶长轴＞2 cm者易发生手术时间较长（大于120 min）的情况。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术在治疗胃上皮内瘤变中的应用与评价

目的探讨胃上皮内瘤变行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)的可行性、必要性及疗效。方法对50例内镜下有明确病灶,表现为浅表病变,活检病理为上皮内瘤变的患者,行ESD切除病灶,对比术前术后病理结果,并内镜随访。结果 34例术前活检病理为低级别上皮内瘤变的病灶ESD术后病理诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变22例、高级别上皮内瘤变6例、黏膜内癌4例、黏膜下浅层癌2例。16例术前活检病理为高级别上皮内瘤变的病灶ESD术后病理诊断为慢性炎症肠上皮化生1例、高级别上皮内瘤变5例、黏膜内癌3例、黏膜下层癌7例。结论 ESD治疗内镜下有明确病灶的上皮内瘤变可及时发现早期胃癌,并有效预防胃癌的发生、发展。     

食管浅表病变的内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗

食管癌早期诊断、早期治疗是人们不懈追求的目标,早期治疗的非经胸化极大地满足了患者及其家属对于提高生活质量的渴求,而内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）正是内镜医师对这种追求的现实体现。本文就本院的食管病变ESD开展情况进行总结。     

胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后与术前病理比较分析

目的 探讨胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变（low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIEN）的治疗方案。方法 收集我院2013年1月至2017年6月经胃镜活检病理检查证实胃食管连接部LGIEN的61例患者,行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）,进行术前与术后病理结果比较分析。结果ESD术后病理诊断炎症6例,LGIEN26例,HGIEN18例,早期胃食管连接部癌11例。术前诊断过度率9.84%（6/61）,术前术后病理一致率42.62%（26/61）,术前诊断不足率47.54%（29/61）,早期癌漏诊率18.03%（11/61）。病灶＜10mm者术前诊断不足率32.43%（12/37）,病灶≥10mm者术前诊断不足率70.83%（17/24）。结论 由于胃食管连接部位置特殊,病灶分布不均,易造成取检偏差,胃镜活检不能全面反映病灶真实情况。另外随着病灶面积增大其术前诊断不足率增加,早期癌漏诊率增加。胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变应尽早ESD干预治疗,既能获得完整病理,完善检查,避免早癌漏诊,又能减轻患者心理负担。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术在诊治胃上皮内瘤变中的价值

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)在诊治胃上皮内瘤变(gastric intraepithelial neoplasia,GIN)中的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2013年8月南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治的32例行ESD治疗的GIN患者,并比较ESD治疗前后的病理差异,总结整块病灶切除率、切除病灶直径、手术操作时间、术中术后并发症、复发率。结果 (1)完整切除率100%(32/32);切除病灶直径1.1~5.2 cm,平均(2.3±1.2)cm;从黏膜下注射至完整剥离结束时间10~75 min,平均(35.0±16.5)min;术中无穿孔发生,术中出血率12.5%(4/32),予以止血等对症治疗后好转。无迟发性出血,32例患者均完成3~12个月随访,无病变残留或复发。(2)32例GIN患者行ESD治疗,术前低级别GIN 26例,高级别GIN 6例。行ESD后病理发现26例低级别GIN中有1例黏膜内癌,3例高级别GIN;6例高级别GIN中有2例黏膜内癌,癌变发现率为9.4%(3/32),总病理升级率为18.8%(6/32)。结论 ESD治疗GIN能及时发现胃早癌,且能安全、有效地根治。     

蓝光成像内镜下诊治胃底腺型胃癌一例

胃底腺型胃癌是一种泌酸腺分化而来的胃肿瘤,目前国内相关病例十分少见。本文报道了北京大学国际医院收治的1例胃底腺型胃癌病例,并对其内镜、病理和治疗等进行了讨论。     

0型进展期胃癌1例

病例:女,54岁,因"反复呕吐1个月余,加重1周"就诊。20年前有"阑尾炎"手术史。胃癌家族史:母亲50多岁时确诊胃癌,已于20余年前死亡;父亲50多岁时也患胃癌,40年前在我院手术,目前仍健在(92岁);父母的兄弟姐妹多人死于胃癌。免疫组化:肿瘤细胞抗人角细胞广谱角蛋白     

胃底腺型胃癌内镜下诊治3例

胃底腺型胃癌是一种新型的胃癌分类亚型,来源于非萎缩的胃底腺深部,病变往往较小即出现黏膜下浸润。本文报道了3例不同背景胃黏膜下胃底腺型胃癌的内镜诊治过程,并结合文献对其临床、内镜、病理特点进行了探讨。     

胃部肿瘤内镜下治疗的进展

与传统外科手术相比,胃部肿瘤内镜下治疗有术后并发症发生率低、住院时间短、术后生活质量高等优点。随着内镜下治疗技术的迅速发展,有不少文献对其手术方式、适应证、手术效果等进行了报道。本文对近年来相关文献进行综述。     

经食管黏膜下隧道内镜治疗大面积食管黏膜病变的价值

目的探讨经食管黏膜下隧道内镜治疗大面积食管黏膜病变的应用价值。 方法徐州医科大学附属淮安医院2015年1月至2017年7月经胃镜及病理诊断大面积食管高级别上皮内瘤变18例,采用随机数字表法分为传统内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)法及经食管黏膜下隧道法切除病变,对比及随访观察治疗效果。 结果隧道组均于术中一次性完整剥离切除,一次性整块切除率均为100%,经典ESD组1例圈套器辅助分片切除,一次性整块切除率均为88.9%,术后病理结果提示所有切除标本的侧切缘和基底切缘无肿瘤累及。病变切除的平均直径隧道组为(7.5±3.2)cm,经典ESD组为(8.3±1.4)cm,2组在病变切除面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平均手术时间隧道组为(50.4±28.0)min,经典ESD组为手术时间(82.5±29.7)min,2组在一次性整块切除率、平均手术时间方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。隧道技术组术中无1例皮下气肿;剥离过程无环形肌受伤害;经典ESD组术中出现纵隔、皮下气肿2例,其中小穿孔的1例应用钛夹缝合,术后3 d气肿均自行消失,术后24 h内出现发热1例,伴有白细胞升高,抗炎对症处理后第2天完全缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论内镜经食管黏膜下隧道技术是大面积食管黏膜病变切除安全有效的方法,能有效降低内镜下病变切除的难度,缩短手术时间,减少并发症发生。     

蓝光成像放大内镜下误诊为早期胃癌的胃血吸虫病一例

胃血吸虫病是血吸虫虫卵侵犯消化道黏膜并在胃壁沉积引起的急慢性特异性炎性病变。该病少见,且临床及内镜表现缺乏特异性,故有时较难诊断。随着胃镜检查的普及与诊断技术的提高,该病的病例报道逐渐增多,但胃血吸虫病与胃癌的关系尚不清楚。本文报道1例蓝光成像放大内镜下误诊为早期胃癌的胃血吸虫病,结合文献复习,以期提高临床医师对该病的认识。     

放大内镜在早期胃癌中的应用进展

放大内镜在早期胃癌的诊断中具有重要作用。近年来,针对放大内镜用于背景胃黏膜诊断,早期胃癌筛查,早期胃癌定性诊断、边界诊断及组织类型诊断,以及放大内镜与人工智能联合应用等方面有进一步研究。针对相关研究进展作一综述。     

Features of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by enhanced-magnification endoscopy

Background Changes to the mucosal surface of early gastric carcinomas and gastric adenomas as viewed by enhanced-magnification endoscopy with acetic acid have not been investigated thoroughly. Using this technology, we investigated the appearance of the gastric surface patterns of neoplastic and surrounding nonneoplastic mucosa. Methods Forty-seven consecutive patients with early gastric carcinomas or gastric adenomas underwent enhanced-magnification endoscopy following 1.5% acetic acid instillation. All biopsy specimens were taken from the area at which the enhanced-magnified endoscopic image was obtained. Results Surface patterns of gastric tumors and the surrounding mucosa were classified into five types: type I, small round pits of uniform size and shape; type II, slit-like pits; type III, gyrus and villous patterns; type IV, irregular arrangements and sizes of pattern types I, II and III; type V, destructive patterns of types I, II and III. The predominant pattern of the surrounding mucosa was type III, and most type III mucosa had characteristics of intestinal metaplasia. Although all elevated adenomas showed type II or type III surface patterns, both depressed adenomas showed type IV. Elevated carcinomas showed type III (42.9%) or type IV (57.1%) surface patterns, while depressed carcinomas showed type IV (70%) or type V (30%). Although differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas showed type III (10.3%), type IV (86.2%), or type V (3.5%) surface patterns, all of the signet-ring cell carcinomas and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas showed type V. Conclusions Enhanced-magnification endoscopy may be useful for identifying gastric tumors and determining the extent of horizontal spread, especially in tumors of the depressed type.     

A rare case of gastric lipoma with early gastric cancer

An 84-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 1-month history of epigastralgia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed gastric cancer and a gastric submucosal tumor (SMT) on the greater curvature of the gastric body. By endoscopic ultrasonography, SMT was demonstrated as a well-circumscribed, smooth-bordered and hypoechoic mass localized in the submucosal layer. Total gastrectomy was performed. The histology of the resected specimen revealed a gastric lipoma and an early gastric cancer widespread to the surface on the lipoma. Two lesions were present in the same lesion, but not linked. We report a rare case of gastric lipoma complicated with early gastric cancer.     

早期胃癌的内镜识别与诊断

不同类型的胃癌,其形态表现各不相同。尤其是早期胃癌病灶黏膜的形态改变可自细微异常至显著病变,即使是有经验的专业人员也常常误判。浅表隆起较小的0-Ⅱa病灶通常局限于黏膜内。图1A示胃窦大弯匍匐状微隆病灶,表面均匀发红,手术病理证实为高分化腺癌,浸润黏膜肌。0-Ⅱa+Ⅱc型是较多见的一种早期胃癌形态,周     

A p53 genetic polymorphism of gastric cancer: Difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the role of the polymorphism of p53 codon 72 in early gastric cancer (EGC) and advanced gastric cancer (AGC) in Korean patients.METHODS:DNA was extracted from blood samples of gastric cancer patients (n = 291) and controls (n=216).tn the p53 codon 72 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP.RESULTS: Patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the homozygous proline (Pro) allele than the control (P=0.032). Patients with AGC had a significantly higher frequency of the Arg/Arg (arginine)allele (P=0.038) than EGC and a similar Pro/Pro allele.The signet ring cell type had a higher frequency of the Pro/Pro allele than other types (P=0.031). The Pro/Pro genotype carries a 3.9-fold increased risk of developing gastric cancer (95% CI,1.3-15.4,P=0.039)when compared to Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro genotypes and to develop EGC is a 5.25 fold increased risk (95% CI,1.8-19.6,P=0.021).CONCLUSION: The Pro/Pro genotype of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism carries a higher risk for gastric cancer in general and is also associated with a much higher risk for EGC than AGC.     

A p53 genetic polymorphism of gastric cancer： Difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer

INTRODUCTIONGastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,although the overall incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing over the past few decades.Chronic H pylori infection and dietary factors,such as those high in salt or nitrate…     

早期胃癌胃镜下诊断方法的进展

早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)是指局限于胃黏膜层或黏膜下层的癌,不管其面积多大和有无淋巴结的转移。与进展期胃癌相比,早期胃癌具有非常高的治疗价值和非常好的治疗效果。早期胃癌的治愈率可超过90%,而进展期胃癌的5年存活率只有30%左右。因此,胃癌的早期诊断非常重要