H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的观察H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化,探讨Hcy与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法选择2013年3月1日至2014年10月30日于浙江省台州恩泽医疗中心(集团)路桥医院神经内科门诊及住院部就诊的高血压合并急性脑梗死患者,依据其血浆Hcy水平分为普通高血压合并急性脑梗死组(Hcy10μmol/L,普通高血压组,n=138)、H型高血压合并急性脑梗死组(Hcy≥10μmol/L,H型高血压组,n=256);选择同期医院健康体检人群为对照组(n=146)。检测各组受试者血生化和Hcy水平,采用彩色多普勒超声测定各组受试者颈动脉IMT,比较各组间的差异,并分析血浆Hcy水平与IMT的相关性。结果与对照组比较,高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的血浆Hcy水平升高,颈动脉IMT增厚,H型高血压组升高更为显著[Hcy:H型高血压组:(22.5±3.3)比普通高血压组(9.4±1.5)比对照组(8.3±1.4)μmol/L;IMT:H型高血压组(1.38±0.14)比普通高血压组(1.16±0.15)比对照组(0.63±0.20)mm;均P0.05]。Pearson线性相关分析显示,高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的血浆Hcy水平与IMT呈正相关(r=0.464,P0.05),H型高血压组相关性更大(r=0.576,P0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,血浆Hcy是颈动脉IMT的影响因素(B=0.004,P0.01)。血浆Hcy每升高10μmol/L,颈动脉IMT增厚0.04mm。结论血浆Hcy水平升高是高血压合并急性脑梗死患者颈动脉IMT增厚的影响因素。H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化更显著。     

H型高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素分析

目的探讨H型高血压患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化的相关危险因素。方法纳入原发性高血压患者240例,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平是否≥10μmol/L,分为H型高血压组(H组)118例和单纯高血压组(单纯组)122例,比较两组患者一般情况、生化指标、颈动脉血管壁内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)和颈动脉斑块数量。采用多因素Logistic回归分析H组患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化的相关危险因素。结果 H型高血压患者在性别构成、冠心病病史、脑卒中病史、收缩压、脉压、Hcy、低密度脂蛋白(LDLC)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)、劲动脉斑块形成、斑块数、IMT、斑块数≥3个、50%狭窄的检出率等方面均高于单纯组(P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示,H型高血压患者颈动脉IMT与高龄、吸烟和高LDLC显著相关(P0.05),危险度分别为1.282(95%CI 1.133～1.451)、6.663(95%CI 1.200～20.669)和4.301(95%CI 1.199～15.434);斑块形成与高龄、男性和超重显著相关(P0.05),危险度分别为1.150(95%CI 1.069～1.238)、3.496(95%CI 1.353～9.033)和1.244(95%CI 1.014～1.526)。结论 H型高血压患者颈动脉IMT与高龄、吸烟和高LDLC显著相关;斑块形成则与高龄、男性和超重显著相关。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与老年高血压伴高同型半胱氨酸血症及颈动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因多态性与血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的关系及对老年H型高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)的影响。方法选择2016年1月~2017年6月在武警后勤学院附属医院心内科住院的老年高血压患者260例,根据血浆Hcy水平将患者分为H型高血压组117例(Hcy≥15μmol/L),普通高血压组143例(Hcy15μmol/L),同期选取我院体检的老年正常血压对照组99例(Hcy15μmol/L),进行血浆Hcy及MTHFR基因C677T多态性检测,并采用超声检查测量颈动脉IMT。结果 H型高血压组和普通高血压组收缩压、舒张压水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。H型高血压组Hcy、颈动脉IMT明显高于普通高血压组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组CC、CT、TT基因型及C、T等位基因频率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。H型高血压组TT基因型及T等位基因频率明显高于普通高血压组及对照组(29.1%vs 18.2%,16.2%;49.1%vs 36.4%,32.3%,P0.05),CC基因型及C等位基因频率明显低于普通高血压组及对照组(30.8%vs45.5%,51.5%;50.9%vs 63.6%,67.7%,P0.05)。H型高血压组和普通高血压组不同基因型血浆Hcy水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素逐步回归分析显示,年龄、收缩压、空腹血糖、Hcy、LDL-C是颈动脉IMT增厚的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 MTHFR基因C677T多态性与血浆Hcy水平相关,可能通过升高血浆Hcy水平,间接参与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

老年H型高血压患者血浆致动脉硬化指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的:探讨H型高血压患者血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平及血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)与颈动脉硬化的相关性。方法:所有入选的高血压患者(排除继发性高血压),均测量血压、身高、体重、HCY、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。计算出AIP及体质指数(BMI)。超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并计算斑块积分。根据血浆HCY水平将患者分为H型高血压组(HCY≥10μmol/L)和非H型高血压组(HCY10μmol/L),比较两组AIP、血脂、IMT及斑块积分差异。采用Pearson和Logistic检验进行相关性分析。结果:H型高血压组血HCY水平、AIP、LDL-C、颈动脉IMT及斑块积分均高于对照组(均P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,HCY、AIP、LDL-C是颈动脉内膜增厚的危险因素。结论:老年H型高血压血HCY及AIP与IMT密切相关,且为正相关。HCY、AIP、LDL-C是颈动脉内膜增厚的危险因素,HCY及AIP可作为动脉硬化早期预测因子。     

H型高血压患者颈动脉结构变化及其与血浆硫化氢水平相关性的研究

目的:对H型高血压患者颈动脉结构进行检测,并研究其与血浆硫化氢的相关性。方法:随机选择2016-01-2017-01在我院门诊及住院的原发性高血压患者。按照血浆同型半胱氨酸水平将符合入选标准的患者分为单纯高血压组(原发性高血压+血浆同型半胱氨酸10μmol/L)、H型高血压组(原发性高血压+血浆同型半胱氨酸≥10μmol/L)及健康人群(对照组),并进行实验室相关检查,包括血浆同型半胱氨酸、硫化氢、高敏C反应蛋白和颈动脉超声检查,评价患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima media thickness,IMT)和狭窄程度。结果:H型高血压组与单纯高血压组和对照组比较,颈动脉IMT显著增厚[(1.49±0.28)mm∶(1.30±0.29)mm∶(0.89±0.20)mm],Crouse积分更高(2.00±1.36∶1.31±1.08∶0.32±0.62),动脉狭窄程度更严重,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);H型高血压组的高敏C反应蛋白水平明显高于单纯高血压组及对照组[(994.0±249.6)mg/L∶(709.8±217.7)mg/L∶(449.2±159.2)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);H型高血压组、单纯高血压组和对照组间的血浆硫化氢水平均差异有统计学意义[(19.74±13.19)pg/ml∶(32.92±14.84)pg/ml∶(47.00±9.61)pg/ml],H型高血压组明显低于其他两组(P0.05)。结论:H型高血压会加速了动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展。血浆硫化氢水平的下降导致血管的保护性作用减弱也可能是导致H型高血压患者动脉硬化加速的原因之一。     

冠心病患者IVUS-VH下斑块性质与H型高血压的关系

目的利用血管内超声-虚拟组织学(IVUS-VH)技术探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块性质与H型高血压的关系。方法选取我院2011年1月至2014年3月收治的71例高血压合并冠心病的患者为研究对象,其中稳定型心绞痛22例,急性冠状动脉综合征49例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影检查确诊,冠状动脉造影后对靶病变进行IVUS检查,分析斑块性质及识别ⅣUS-VH下斑块中纤维成分、纤维脂质成分、坏死核心成分及钙化成分。术前测定血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平、血脂水平。根据患者是否伴有血Hcy水平升高,分为H型高血压组(Hcy≥10μmol/L,n=42)和非H型高血压组(Hcy10μmol/L,n=29),分析H型高血压与斑块性质的关系。结果 IVUS灰阶图像分析发现,H型高血压组有软斑块者76.2%,斑块破裂者40.5%,夹层血栓形成者30.9%,均较非H型高血压组(61.7%、13.8%、13.8%)多见(P0.05)。IVUS-VH图像分析发现,H型高血压组坏死核心成分所占比例显著高于非H型高血压组(23.71%±5.83%比15.37%±2.75%,P=0.000);非H型高血压组钙化成分比例较H型高血压组增高(17.25%±0.26%比9.72%±4.22%,P=0.000)。结论 H型高血压与冠状动脉局部斑块不稳定性有关,H型高血压使冠状动脉局部斑块的易损性增高。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。方法选择327例发病时间≤7 d、首次发病的缺血性脑血管病患者,其中脑梗死264例,颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）63例。采用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）,综合评估患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块性质。并根据超声结果将患者分为IMT正常组、IMT增厚组、斑块形成组;酶联免疫吸附法测定晨起空腹血浆Hcy浓度。分析血浆Hcy水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。结果①327例患者中,99例为IMT正常,40例为IMT增厚,188例为粥样斑块形成。在188例斑块形成的患者中,易损斑块组82例,非易损斑块组106例。②IMT正常组、IMT增厚组、斑块形成组的血浆Hcy浓度（中位数）分别为13.6、22.3、28.6μmol/L,高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcy）的发生率分别为40.4%（40/99）、70.0%（28/40）、75.5%（142/188）。除IMT增厚组与斑块形成组间HHcy发生率差异无统计学意义外,3组间观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。③易损斑块组血浆Hcy浓度和HHcy发生率分别为28.9μmol/L和82.9%,高于非易损斑块组的23.4μmol/L和69.8%,差异均有统计学意义,P〈0.05。④多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy浓度增高是颈动脉粥样斑块形成的独立危险因素（OR=1.14,95%CI：1.04～1.25）结论随着血浆Hcy水平的升高,颈动脉粥样硬化程度随之升高。HHcy是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的独立危险因素。     

H型高血压患者血尿酸水平的临床观察

目的:探讨H型与非H型高血压患者之间血尿酸(SUA)水平的差异。方法:收集2012年12月至2014年08月我院收住入院的原发性高血压291例,年龄≥18岁,将其分为H型高血压组(Hcy水平10μmol/L)174例,非H型高血压组(Hcy水平≤10μmol/L)117例,比较两组之间SUA水平是否存在差异,并应用简单线性回归分析血清Hcy与SUA之间的相关性。结果:H型高血压组的SUA水平高于非H型高血压组[(344.06±118.01)vs.(271.60±100.56)μmol/L],SUA与血浆Hcy的相关系数r=0.30,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论:与非H型高血压患者相比,H型高血压患者的SUA水平更高,且在高血压患者中,SUA与血浆Hcy呈正相关关系。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关分析

目的分析血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选取临床诊断原发性高血压患者386例,均行头颈动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查,依据CTA检查结果分为单纯高血压组178例和颈动脉粥样硬化组208例。其中多支血管狭窄≥50%患者98例,单支血管狭窄≥50%患者57例,高Hcy(Hcy>15μmol/L)患者204例,非高Hcy患者182例。比较患者临床生化指标和颈动脉粥样硬化发生率,用logistic回归分析危险因素。结果与单纯高血压组比较,颈动脉粥样硬化组患者Hcy水平明显增高,HDL水平明显减低(P<0.01),高Hcy水平患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率较非高Hcy水平患者明显升高(67.6%vs 38.5%,P<0.05)。多支血管狭窄≥50%患者Hcy水平高于单支血管狭窄≥50%患者(P<0.01)。高Hcy水平为原发性高血压发生颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(OR=2.235,95%CI:1.143~4.427,P=0.012)。结论血浆Hcy水平升高对原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生具有一定的预测值。     

H型高血压病人血浆hs-CRP、IL-6水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的探讨H型高血压病人血浆超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系及临床意义。方法选择192例高血压病病人,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平分为H型高血压组131例和单纯高血压组61例,选择30名健康体检者作为健康对照组。测定血浆hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果与健康对照组比较,H型高血压组和单纯高血压组病人血浆hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平及IMT均显著增加(P0.05);与单纯高血压组比较,H型高血压组病人血浆中hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平及IMT显著增加(P0.05)。结论 H型高血压病人颈动脉粥样硬化与炎性反应、血管内皮功能受损密切相关。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.