胸腔置管引流后灌注顺铂与香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液30例

[目的]观察胸腔置管引流后灌注顺铂与香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。[方法]治疗组30例置管引流排尽胸水后胸腔内灌注顺铂与香菇多糖；对照组29例置管引流排尽胸水后胸腔内灌注顺铂。采用WHO胸腔积液疗效通用标准评估疗效。[结果]治疗组有效率（83.3％）高于对照组（55．1％），具有显著性差异（χ^2=5．516，P〈0．05）。治疗组Kamofsky评分改善率（80．0％）高于对照组（48．3％），具有显著性差异（χ^2=6．474，P〈0．05）。[结论]胸腔置管引流后灌注顺铂与香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液有较好疗效，并能提高患者生活质量。     

胸腔置管引流并顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液28例

目的观察胸腔置管引流后腔内灌注顺铂（DDP）联合香菇多糖（商品名：天地欣）治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法28例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔穿刺置管引流后,胸腔内灌注DDP和香菇多糖,观察疗效。结果总有效率为78．57％,生活质量改善,不良反应主要为发热、胸痛及胃肠道反应,对症治疗能缓解。结论胸腔置管引流并顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好,患者不良反应小。     

胸腔导管闭式引流术治疗恶性胸腔积液22例

[目的]观察胸腔导管闭式引流后联合化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。[方法]将恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组，分别采用胸腔导管闭式引流术和传统胸腔穿刺术，并均向胸腔内注入顺铂和香菇多糖注射液。[结果]胸腔导管闭式引流组胸腔积液控制率为77．27％，明显优于传统胸腔穿刺组36．37％（P〈0．01）。[结论]采用胸腔导管闭式引流恶性胸腔积液操作安全、简便，能最大限度地排尽胸腔积液，能较好控制恶性胸腔积液。     

立止血联合顺铂、香菇多糖治疗血性恶性胸腔积液21例

[目的]观察立止血联合顺铂、香菇多糖治疗血性恶性胸腔积液的疗效。[方法]42例血性恶性胸腔积液患者中21例行立止血联合顺铂、香菇多糖治疗，另21例行顺铂、香菇多糖治疗作为对照组．比较分析两组疗效及不良反应。[结果]治疗组有效率90．47％（19/21），对照组为66．67％（14/21），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。两组患者不良反应差异无显著性（P〈0．05）。[结论]立止血联合顺铂、香菇多糖治疗血性胸腔积液疗效确切，且不良反应小，可作为血性胸腔积液的治疗方法。     

香菇多糖联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的：观察香菇多糖联合顺铂胸腔灌注与单用顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法：收治恶性胸腔积液患者７３例,香菇多糖联合顺铂组（Ａ组）３８例,单用顺铂组（Ｂ组）３５例。用一次性中心静脉导管行胸腔置管和闭式引流胸液,Ａ组胸腔给药：香菇多糖４ｍｇ＋生理盐水２０ｍｌ,顺铂４０ｍｇ／ｍ２＋生理盐水５０ｍｌ;Ｂ组胸腔给药：顺铂４０ｍｇ／ｍ２＋生理盐水５０ｍｌ。结果：Ａ组患者总有效率和生活质量改善率均优于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０.０５）,两组毒副反应相近。结论：胸腔闭式引流后灌注香菇多糖联用顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效优于单用顺铂,且毒副反应轻微。     

恶性胸腔积液甘露聚糖肽灌注治疗68例

[目的]探讨胸腔置管引流并灌注甘露聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效和毒副反应。[方法]68例经细胞学证实的恶性胸腔积液患者进行胸腔内置管，引流尽胸腔积液后，给予胸腔内灌注甘露聚糖肽20mg，每周1-2次，完成2-3次为1个疗程，观察疗效。[结果]68例中完全缓解（CR）42例，部分缓解（PR）18例，无效（NR）8例，有效率84．5％。[结论]胸腔置管引流并灌注甘露聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液是一种有效、简便、毒副作用小的方法。     

恶性胸腔积液甘露聚糖肽灌注治疗68例

[目的]探讨胸腔置管引流并灌注甘露聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效和毒副反应。[方法]68例经细胞学证实的恶性胸腔积液患者进行胸腔内置管，引流尽胸腔积液后，给予胸腔内灌注甘露聚糖肽20mg，每周1-2次，完成2-3次为1个疗程，观察疗效。[结果]68例中完全缓解（CR）42例，部分缓解（PR）18例，无效（NR）8例，有效率84．5％。[结论]胸腔置管引流并灌注甘露聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液是一种有效、简便、毒副作用小的方法。     

顺铂联合肿瘤坏死因子治疗恶性胸腔积液27例分析

[目的]探讨顺铂（DDP）联合肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）胸腔内注入治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效及毒副反应。[方法]54例恶性胸腔积液患者，胸腔置中心静脉导管排尽胸腔积液后，治疗组27例胸腔内注入肿瘤坏死因子、顺铂，共2次；对照组27例胸腔内注入顺铂，共4次。观察两组患者近期疗效、毒副反应及Kamofsky评分改善情况。[结果]治疗组总有效率为81．5％，高于对照组（55．6％），治疗组Karnofsky评分改善率为66．7％，高于对照组（33.3％），差异均具显著性（P〈0．05）。治疗组胃肠道反应与骨髓抑制的例数及比例均低于对照组。[结论]顺铂联合肿瘤坏死因子治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好、毒副反应轻，值得推广使用。     

经皮胸腔内置管灌注顺铂及白介素Ⅱ联合热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的:观察经皮胸腔内置管灌注顺铂及白介素-Ⅱ联合热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法:所有 42例恶性胸腔积液患者均行经皮胸腔内中心静脉导管置管持续胸水引流并随机分成两组,对照组22例胸腔内注入DDP及IL-2,治疗组20例在以上治疗的同时配合热疗。结果:胸水控制率治疗组为85％,对照组为59．1％,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0．05)。结论:经皮胸腔内置管顺铂及白介素-Ⅱ灌注联合热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效确切,具有良好的应用前景。     

细管胸腔闭式引流后多药联合灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

恶性胸腔积液是晚期恶性肿瘤的常见并发症,其中以肺癌、乳腺癌多见[1].对恶性胸腔积液的治疗大多采用胸水引流后腔内灌注药物,使之发生粘连,消除胸水潴留的空间,达到完全控制胸水的目的.自2006年8月～2007年7月,我们采用中心静脉导管留置胸腔引流后胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖、乌体林斯治疗恶性胸腔积液,取得较好的疗效,现报告如下.     

微管引流灌注绿脓杆菌制剂联合顺铂治疗 恶性胸腔积液临床观察

 目的　评价微管引流灌注绿脓杆菌制剂联合顺铂治疗中等量或大量恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方 法　将50 例中等量或大量恶性胸腔积液行微管胸腔闭式引流术,胸腔积液引净后注入绿脓杆菌制剂5 ml 和顺铂80mg。结果　CR18 例(36 %) ,PR21 例(42 %) ,有效率78 %(39/ 50) ,中位生存期248 d ;引流 量(1500～6000 ml) 。结论　微管引流灌注绿脓杆菌制剂联合顺铂治疗中等量或大量恶性胸腔积液疗 效佳,且安全、方便、易行,值得推广。     

Intrapleural nasogastric tube insertion

A misplaced fine‐bore nasogastric tube (NGT) might enter the bronchial tree. Pleural puncture and intrapleural passage of the tube is very uncommon but the location can often be inferred from the frontal chest radiograph. Following recognition of a NGT within the pleural space, progress films should be carefully screened for complications, particularly pneumothorax. This is often not done by staff involved in the monitoring of such patients because the staff frequently do not recognize the signs of intrapleural NGT insertion.     

Intrapleural etoposide for malignant effusion

Summary The pharmacology, toxicity, and therapeutic effectiveness of etoposide (VP-16) given by the intrapleural route were examined in a phase I trial. Ten patients with malignant pleural effusion received 100, 150, or 225 mg/m² VP-16 infused over 2 h into the pleural space after drainage of pleural fluid. The administration of VP-16 was tolerated well, with no local pain, increase in cough, dyspnea, or infection. Myelosuppression was mild at doses of 150 mg/m² or less but severe at 225 mg/m². Drug levels were followed in both plasma and pleural fluid for up to 12 h. Clearance of VP-16 from the pleural cavity was low at 2 ml/min m². Peak pleural-fluid drug levels in patients receiving 225 mg/m² exceeded 300 μg/ml, whereas peak drug concentrations in corresponding plasma samples obtained at the same time amounted to <10 μg/ml. Serial chest X-rays showed no disappearance of pleural effusion in nine evaluable patients. However, follow-up investigation of pleural fluid characteristics [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and cytologic examination] suggested some evidence of local therapeutic benefit.     

Intrapleural chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin in lung cancer with carcinomatous pleuritis

Seventeen patients with lung cancer who had malignant pleural effusion were intrapleurally treated with cisplatin and adriamycin. According to Koyama and Saito's criteria, ten patients showed complete response, four partial response and three no change. The overall survival from the beginning of treatment was 6.0 months (2.6+ -21.4 months). The survival in patients with complete response and performance status 2 + 3 was better than that in patients with partial response and performance status 4, respectively. Toxicities were minimal. The pharmacokinetics of intrapleural non-protein-bound platinum showed a mean half-life of 20.45 hours. Intrapleural chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin thus seems to be an effective modality for lung cancer with carcinomatous pleuritis.     

局部灌注沙培林和羟基喜树碱治疗恶性胸腔积液

[目的]观察沙培林(0K-432)和羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期临床疗效。[方法]对62例恶性胸腔积液患者采用胸腔置入贝朗可分裂中心静脉管持续引流，胸腔积液排放完后，给予沙培林5KE胸腔内注入，dl，HCPT30mg胸腔内注入，d2，每周2次，观察临床疗效与不良反应。[结果]沙培林与HCPT联合治疗恶性胸腔积液总有效率为88．7％，主要不良反应为发热和骨髓抑制。[结论]胸穿置管引流局部灌注沙培林和羟基喜树碱治疗恶性胸积液有较好的近期临床疗效，毒副反应可以耐受。     

沙培林联合羟基喜树碱腔内给药治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的：为观察沙培林联合羟基喜树碱腔内给药治疗恶腔积液患的治疗。方法：60例恶性胸腔积液患采用胸腔穿刺，使用比利时生产的贝朗可分裂中心静脉导管置入胸腔、接负压瓶持续闭式引流排胸液。并随机分成两组，治疗组采用沙培林联合羟基喜树碱治疗（30例），第一周2次，每隔3天一次，由引流管注入生理盐40ml加羟基喜树碱30mg，第2周连续3天注入沙培林5KE/次、10KE/次、10KE/次，对照组单用羟基喜树碱治疗（30例），每一周2次，每隔3天一次，由引流管注入生理盐水40ml加羟基喜树碱30mg。结果：治疗组有效率90%[CR11例（37%） PR16例（53%）]，对照组有效率67%[CR8例（27%） PR12例（40例）]。经论：沙培林联合羟基喜树碱腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液优于单用羟基喜树碱，而胸腔穿刺置管引流创伤轻微，无倒流污染，引流通畅彻底，避免胸膜多房性包裹粘连的形成以至带来后续治疗困难，可防止医源性感染及气胸等并发症。     

温热疗法加局部化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的:观察温热疗法加局部化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效、生存质量和不良反应。方法:确诊为肺腺癌所致的恶性胸腔积液45例,随机分为两组,尽可能排尽胸水后,A组采用加热至45℃的生理盐水做胸腔内循环灌注,30分钟后局部注入顺铂40mg;B组直接胸腔内注入顺铂40mg。每周重复1～2次,1个疗程2周,观察短期疗效、生存质量及不良反应。结果:A组总有效率为82.6%,B组为50.0%。Karnofsky评分大于70分及小于50分,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:采用温热疗法加局部化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效确切、不良反应小、安全性高,值得继续关注。     

Intrapleural Bleomycin in the Treatment of Chylothorax

Summary

Chylothorax is an accumulation of thoracic lymph or chyle in the pleural cavity. It is a rare condition and is usually caused by trauma or malignant disease.

We present three cases with chylothorax due to malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [high grade malignant (1 case) and low grade malignant (2 cases)] treated with pleurodesis with bleomycin and systemic chemotherapy (CHOP, CNOP, trofosfamide). Complete remissions (CR) were achieved in all three cases. Two patients had a recurrent chylothorax 3 and 12 months after initial treatment. They were treated with a second intrapleural installation of bleomycin and continuing systemic chemotherapy (CNOP, trofosfamide) and are still alive in CR with a follow-up period of 28 and 30 months respectively. One patient died of relapsing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after 23 months of follow-up. There was no sign of recurrent chylothorax.

We conclude that chylothorax caused by lymphoma can be satisfactorily controlled by pleurodesis with bleomycin combined with systemic chemotherapy. Immediate action is necessary to prevent great loss of lipids and proteins. The underlying malignancy must be controlled to achieve a good prognosis.