Cleft lip and palate in Tehran.

Seventy-nine cleft lip and/or palate births were isolated from 21,138 live births between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1988 in one hospital in Tehran. Among these, 21 (26.58 percent) were cleft lip (CL), 45 (56.96 percent) were cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 13(16.45 percent) were cleft palate (CP). Chemical sulfur mustard gas was indicated as a major factor in 30 (37.97 percent) of the bilateral cleft lip and palate infants.     

Cleft lip and cleft palate in Santo Domingo

The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of isolated cleft lip (CL), cleft lip with cleft palate (CL + CP) and isolated cleft palate (CP) and their distribution according to sex and laterality in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, located in the Caribbean Archipelago. The sample consisted of 439 hospital records (204 males and 235 females) of patients attending a children's public hospital in Santo Domingo over the period of May 1973 to December 1976. Of all facial clefts, the highest percentage (36.4%) was presented by CL, followed by CP (32.1%) and CL + CP (31.4%). Of all facial clefts, males presented the highest percentage (53.5%). For both sexes, there was an equal number of cases with CL (17.54 %) but more males had CL + CP (0.20 > P0.10) and more females presented CP (P < 0.001). The left-sided defects were almost twice as common as the right-sided defects. The ratio of unilateral clefts-to-bilateral clefts was 5.4:1.     

Cleft lip and palate: a review for dentists

The goals of primary closure of cleft lip and palate include not only re-establishing normal insertions for all of the nasolabial muscles but also restoring the normal position of all the other soft tissues, including the mucocutaneous elements. Conventional surgical wisdom, which recommends waiting until growth is complete before undertaking surgical correction of the postoperative sequelae of primary cheiloplasty, carries with it many disadvantages. If, after primary surgery of the lip, orolabial dysfunctions remain, they will exert their nefarious influences during growth and will themselves lead to long term dentofacial imbalances. These imbalances can significantly influence facial harmony. Unless accurate, symmetric and functional reconstruction of the nasolabial muscles is achieved during the primary surgery, not only will the existing dentoskeletal imbalances be exaggerated, but other deformities will be caused during subsequent growth, among which the most important are nasal obstruction and mouth breathing, reduced translation of the maxilla, dysymmetry of the nose and inability of the patient to symmetrically project the upper lip     

Cleft lip and palate: new directions for research

In this personal essay, presented as the keynote address at the inaugural meeting of the Australasian Cleft Palate Association, the author provides an overview of what many might call "the state-of-the-art." But beyond that, the author also plots direction to our efforts so our science can progress.     

Cleft lip and cleft palate in New South Wales

A bstract — Analysis of data available in hospital records in Now South Wales for 1964–1966 shows in 147,042 live births, 192 cleft defects of which 111 wore males. Other congenital anomalies existed in 40 of which 27.3 per cent were associated with isolated cleft palate. There was no seasonal or geographical variation in the distribution.     

Cleft lip and palate: thoughts about associated anomalies

During two years all new patients referred to the cleft palate team in Nijmegen, were examined by a clinical dentist, to evaluate the occurrence of associated anomalies or syndromes. In 33% of the patients with all types of clefts associated anomalies were found. A percentage of 56% was found for cleft palate only, and of 14% for cleft lip (palate). It is important to make a classifying diagnosis of these associated anomalies because they may have important implications for recurrence risks and prognosis. The percentage of associated anomalies is the highest in the group of patients with cleft palate only or submucous clefts. Therefore, the dentists have to be aware of the presence of submucous clefts and their consequences.     

Facial balance in cleft lip and palate. II. Cleft lip and palate and secondary deformities.

The cleft abnormality is the cause of underdevelopment and subsequent loss of function. Primary cleft surgery and surgery to correct the secondary deformities of previous non-functional repair should aim to restore normal anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on muscle reconstruction of the lip and soft palate if normal facial development is to be encouraged.