普查检出胃癌的长期随访研究

用X线荧光照相法为主的普查检查胃癌,在日本已进行了25年。为评价其价值,作者对1961～1985年间经普查检出的1139例胃痛进行了随访研究 1139例中,男826例,女313例。其中早期胃癌527例(509例手术证实,18例未手术者由细胞学或活检证实),中晚期胃癌612例。后者350例作了治愈性切除,92例作了非治愈性切除,42例作了剖腹探查或分流术,85例未作手术,43例治疗方法不明。用生命表法计算存活率。     

食管癌的胸腔镜/腹腔镜联合分期

本文探讨了食管癌术前胸腔镜及腹腔镜分期的可行性、并发症和死亡率。对分期的准确性和食管癌切除后病理分期进行了比较。 作者连续对45例可能切除的肿瘤进行了胸腔镜检查淋巴结分期,成功42例,因胸腔严重粘连失败3例。无死亡病例,术后出现肺炎1例,没有出血及延长胸管引流病例。淋巴结分期N0期39例,N1期3例。腹腔镜检查淋巴结分期19例。腹腔淋巴结N0期13例,N1期6例。 胸腔镜和/或腹腔镜分期后食管切除30例,均做了胸腔镜分期,其中17例做了腹腔镜分期。 胸腔镜分期30例,N0期28例,N1期2例。N0期     

人白细胞干扰素治疗鼻咽癌

鼻咽癌与EB病毒有密切关系,而干扰素具有抗病毒和抗肿瘤的作用。作者报告了13例鼻咽癌,除首例采用了人白细胞和纤维母细胞两种干扰素治疗外,分析了单用人白细胞干扰素治疗的12例晚期鼻咽癌。男9例,女3例;平均年龄45岁。局部复发3例,1例侵犯脑,8例远处转移。12例均接受过     

低位前切除治疗直肠中段癌的体会(摘要)《附118例临床分析》

我院1972—1984年对118例直肠中段癌患者采用了低位前切除的手术方式,其中男性61例,女性57例,年龄20—75岁,病理分类:直肠腺癌101例,直肠息肉恶变2例,直肠腺瘤恶变1例,乳头状瘤恶变5例,绒毛乳头状瘤恶变6例,直肠平滑肌肉瘤2例,淋巴肉瘤1例,术后并发吻合口瘘13例,均做了横结肠造瘘。吻合口出血3例。1例改做Miles手术。粘连性肠梗阻1例,做了松解术,肤部伤口裂开5例,尿瘘精囔瘘1例,无手术死亡病例。肿瘤术后半年内复发     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤病人血清透明质酸盐含量

恶性间皮瘤发病率的急聚增加,引起工业发达国家的重视。作者采用免疫酶学测定法进行特殊的透明质酸盐测定。病人:测定了16例经组织学诊断为恶性胸膜间皮瘤病人的血清透明质酸盐含量,因其它疾病引起胸膜渗出的50例病人也同时进行了检查,其中24例恶性胸水,包括肺癌10例,乳腺癌3例,卵巢癌3例,胃肠肿瘤2例,无明原因的转移性腺癌6例。26例良性胸膜渗出的病人,通过94例健康献血员确定了血清透明质酸盐的正常值。     

放射性核素显像在消化道出血急救中的临床应用

 目的　观察放射性核素显像在消化道急性大出血定位诊断中的临床价值及选用时机。方法　19例临床确诊并经大剂量止血药物治疗的消化道出血患者,均接受了急诊消化道出血放射性核素显像检查,其中10例接受了消化道内窥镜检查,7例接受了手术治疗。采用体内法99Tcm-标记红细胞（99Tcm-RBC）,行腹盆部前后位连续SPECT动态采集60 min。结果　19例患者中,放射性核素显像阳性9例,其中5例依据其定性、定位诊断结果进行了急诊手术;接受内窥镜检查10例,阳性8例,阴性2例,其中2例阳性患者接受了手术治疗。7例手术患者中,2例为内窥镜检查阴性,而核素显像阳性;4例大出血患者依据病情首选核素显像,其中3例根据其定性、定位阳性结果接受了手术治疗,1例因结果阴性进行了剖腹探查;1例内窥镜检查阳性,核素显像阴性。结论　放射性核素消化道出血显像对不宜进行其他检查或其他检查结果阴性、存在重症出血的患者是一种较好的定性、定位诊断方法,可成为常规肠道内窥镜检查的一种补充手段。     

剖腹探查对84例未治疗非淋巴网细胞瘤的分期

本文84例皆有术前活检。除3例外,都作了脾切除和肝活检。75例作髂骨骨髓切取活检,9例作针吸活检。74例的主动脉旁、45例的肠系膜和29例的脾门淋巴结作了切取活检。     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤围手术期营养支持治疗

胃肠道恶性肿瘤病人,术前常已存在不同程度的营养不良,由此引起一系列生理及病理变化,加重了手术治疗的危险性,降低了病人对术后综合治疗的耐受性,影响治疗的效果。为此,我科自1997年8月至1999年8月间,对84例胃肠道恶性肿瘤手术病人进行了围手术期的营养支持治疗,收到了满意的效果。现报告如下: 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 84例患者男性68例,女性16例,最小年龄27岁,最大78岁,平均年龄58.4岁。全组胃癌36例,结肠癌29例,直肠癌13例。胃及小肠平滑肌肉瘤5例,十二指肠腺癌1例,行根治性手术61例,姑息性切除及姑息性改道手术23例。84     

根据肿瘤病灶溶菌酶含量确定喉癌组织切除范围

溶菌酶对组织和器官的局部防御具有重要作用。作者按照的方法检查了31例喉癌病灶和邻近组织的溶菌酶含最。临床和组织学检查确诊喉癌。Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲa 期15例,Ⅲb 期6例,Ⅳ期1例。鳞状细胞角化癌18例,非角化癌10例,低分化癌2例,乳头状癌1例。上述病例都进行了手术。为测定溶菌酶活性,从     

小肠恶性肿瘤的诊断及错误

作者分析了1950～1970年间小肠恶性肿瘤67例,其中小肠癌20例,肉瘤37例,类癌1例,淋巴肉芽肿9例。20例小肠癌中有腺癌14例,小细胞癌2例,实体癌3例,粘液癌1例;37例肉瘤中33例作了肿瘤或肠系膜淋巴结活组织检查,4例没有施行手术。其中有网状细胞肉瘤13例,淋巴肉瘤9例,梭形细胞肉瘤3     

Doctors in limbo: the United States ‘DNR’ debate

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is unlike any other medical intervention in its emotional impact. Its original use in reversible conditions has been replaced by its expected use in irreversible ones. The history of this transformation and its psychological concommitants are reviewed. New York State is unusual in having a ‘DNR’ law where resuscitation is the default position unless actively refused by patient or surrogate. The paradoxical genesis of this law, and its complex effect on a tertiary care hospital are described. Attention is focused on the emotional stresses on medical staff, and the extensive teaching program mounted by the institution's ethics committee to enable a positive adaptation. The difficulties inherent in surrogate decision-making are also reviewed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肿瘤增殖病毒的研究热点及潜在风险

肿瘤增殖病毒是近十年兴起的一种肿瘤治疗新方案，现已进行了少量临床试验，其结果令人鼓舞。本文结合自己的研究结果，介绍了该研究领域值得关注的几个问题，包括如果提高肿瘤增殖病毒在肿瘤细胞内感染及复制特异性、治疗的有效性及寻找新型作用机制的肿瘤增殖病毒的原则等，并探讨了肿瘤增殖病毒研究的潜在风险。     

Classification of Fungi in modern view

Fungi are a heterogeneous jumble coming together from three kingdoms of organisms. The True Fungi represent a kingdom of its own and are positioned closer to the Animalia than to the Plantae. At present the Fungi are divided into five Divisions. Species pathogenic for humans are found in the Divisions Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The Pneumocystidales are now classified in the Ascomycota. The Malasseziales are included in the Class Ustilaginomycetes. Essential characteristics for the classification of Fungi are derived from ultrastructure, chemistry, and more recently also from molecular biology of these organisms. None of these methods can stand for its own, all characteristics must be included.     

Rhinophycomycosis

A case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis in a boy of 11 years is reported for its rarity in India. The various difficulties in its diagnosis and its response to treatment are discussed. Although the culture may be negative in these cases, the unmistakable histopathological picture is always confirmatory.     

蛋白质组学及其研究技术在肺癌分子生物标志物研究中的应用

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤。细胞从正常状态转变为肿瘤的过程中，细胞内蛋白质表达谱必然会发生一系列变化，肿瘤分子标记物就是细胞在非正常状态下产生的分子．以高通量结合生物信息学为特点的蛋白质组学分析技术可以从细胞整体水平上检测到这种变化近年来，为了降低肺癌的死亡率并提高其治疗效果，研究人员利用这一新的手段如利用激光捕获显微切割技术和双相凝胶电泳结合基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）和表面增强激光解析电离色行时间质谱（SELDI—TOF MS）寻找有效的肺癌标记物。本文对蛋白质组学技术在肺癌生物标志物研究中的应用作了综述。     

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a diagnostic dilemma

A 26-year-old man presented with a swelling in the right side of face and CT scan revealed a destructive tumor in the right maxilla. Tumor recurred within 5 years of its excision and histopathological examination revealed a clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. The rarity of this tumor, occurrence in maxilla and young age of the patient are some of the rare features which need documentation. The importance of its diagnosis and various differential diagnoses are discussed.     

Thalidomide: from teratogen to anti-angiogenic

Thalidomide, infamous for its teratogenic potential is now emerging as a therapeutic option for many disorders owing to its immunomodulant and anti-angiogenic effect. The demonstration of its ability to inhibit experimental angiogenesis in corneal micro-pocket assay in experimental animals led to the speculation that it might prove to be effective in certain angiogenesis dependent tumors. However, contrary to expectations, it failed to prevent tumor growth in certain animal models. The clinical study evaluating the effects of thalidomide in large number of patients suffering from refractory myeloma have shown encouraging results. Further trials are in progress to evaluate its effects in various other malignancies. In this review, various experimental and clinical studies demonstrating anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effect of thalidomide are discussed with emphasis on its mechanism of action.     

An Overview on the Anticancer Potential of Punarnavine: Prediction of Drug-Like Properties

Punarnavine (PN) has been isolated from the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae). It is an important medicinal plant with a vast historical ethnopharmacological background. Its identification resulted from the interrogation of ‘Punarnava’, a tribal medicinal product. The molecule exhibited its position as incipient anticancer therapeutic agent. The inhibition of NFκB, ATF-2, c-Fos, and CREB-1 are one of the underlying mechanisms of anticancer action along with modification of the immune system. These signalling molecules are upregulated in the cancer microenvironment. Punarnavine also modified the release of interleukins, i.e., upregulated IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, while downregulated IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF, and GM-CSF. Punarnavine has exhibited its anticancer potential in murine melanoma cell lines, breast cancer and its metastasis to lungs, liver, and lymph nodes by modifying apoptotic pathways and even suppressing metastatic genes like TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. The pharmacokinetic and basic drug discovery properties are also discussed concerning in silico databases. This approach exhibited PN as a successful molecule for drug development. The drug-likeness, solubility, GIT absorption, drug metabolism, and bioavailability of PN are promising of its drug candidature and therefore need further detailed studies to ascertain its clinical potential. This article is a preview of the preclinical anticancer profile of Punarnavine, including the computational approach of its drug-like properties.     

Diagnosis and management of giant intrasacral schwannoma.

Giant intrasacral schwannoma is a rare cause of a retrorectal mass in an adult patient. Only 21 such tumors have been reported. The diagnosis of this intraosseous nerve sheath tumor is heralded by its minimal symptoms in relation to its often striking radiographic findings and is verified by its unique morphology. Surgical resection is complex because of its anatomic location and propensity for local recurrence. The need for adequate tumor removal must be balanced against the preservation of nerve function. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of intrasacral schwannomas are reviewed, as exemplified in this case presentation and literature review.     

Genetic toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of taxol

The activity of the antineoplastic agent taxol depends uponits ability to inhibit tubulin disassembly in dividing cells.We show here that taxol gives a strong positive response inthe mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. This is the firstreport of its genetic toxicity. The majority of antineoplasticagents are carcinogenic to humans, and the majority of humancarcinogens are active in the mouse bone marrow micronucleusassay. The present data therefore indicate a carcinogenic potentialof taxol for humans, which should be considered in the risk-benefitanalysis of its increasing clinical use.