子宫颈癌术前腔内放疗近期疗效观察

目的 探讨子宫颈癌术前腔内放疗的近期疗效。方法 对1995年1月-1998年12月期间收治的163例宫颈癌中，有42例行术前腔内放疗，临床Ⅰb期14例，Ⅱa期18例，Ⅱb期10例，腔内放疗参考点A点剂量为18-28Gy，每周1-2次，分3-4次完成，放疗后1-3周行广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫，结果 42例中除2例外，余40例宫颈局部肿瘤均有不同程度缩小，有效率95.2%，放疗反应不明显，放疗后手术中无脏器损伤，平均失血量480ml，术后无尿瘘及肠梗阻发生。术后病理检查见肿瘤细胞明显变性坏死。结论 子宫颈癌术前腔内放疗使肿瘤体积缩小，降低癌细胞活性。提高手术切除率，减少术中播散。同时手术适应证可以扩大到Ⅱb期患者。     

术前腔内放疗联合手术治疗Ⅰb2～Ⅱa期子宫颈癌临床研究

目的探讨术前腔内放疗联合手术治疗Ⅰb2～Ⅱa期子宫颈癌的临床意义。方法 80例Ⅰb2～Ⅱa期子宫颈癌患者随机分为术前腔内放疗组和单纯手术组各40例。单纯手术组行子宫颈癌根治术。术前腔内放疗组先行腔内放疗,放疗后两周行子宫颈癌根治术。结果术前腔内放疗后肿瘤消退有效率为85.0%;术后病理显示病理反应率为77.5%。术前腔内放疗组1、3和4年生存率分别为100.0%、93.8%和82.0%,局部复发率10.0%。单纯手术组1、3和4年生存率分别为96.3%、80.5%和67.1%,局部复发率27.5%。两组比较,术前腔内放疗组局部复发率低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;生存率和手术并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论术前腔内放疗能降低局部复发率,不增加手术并发症,但对提高生存率尚无统计学意义。     

77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌术前放疗联合手术疗效分析

目的 分析77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌患者术前腔内放疗联合手术的疗效.方法 对2001-2007年收治的77例ⅠB2和ⅡA期(局部肿瘤>4 cm)宫颈癌患者先行术前阴道腔内后装放疗[阴道黏膜下0.5 cm(源旁1 cm)剂量20～30 Gy,10～12 Gy/次,1次/周],10～14 d后评价疗效并行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术.分析治疗并发症、术后临床病理学特征、生存及复发情况.结果 术前放疗后宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小,完全缓解4例,部分缓解28例.全组仪5例放疗后出现1、2级血液及胃肠道副反应.全组5年生存率为83%,盆腔复发率为12%.结论 术前阴道黏膜下0.5 cm腔内后装放疗20～30 Gy联合手术治疗ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌生存率较高且未增加术后并发症率,是该期别肿瘤的一种有效治疗模式.     

Ⅰb2Ⅱa期子宫颈癌腔内放疗加手术与单纯手术治疗的临床对比分析

目的：比较术前近距离腔内后装放疗和单纯手术治疗Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌的疗效，以探讨Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌术前适当剂量阴道腔内放疗的意义。方法：选取北京妇产医院1998年6月至2005年6月，Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期且宫颈肿块均〉4cm的宫颈癌患者78例。患者随机分为两组：术前放疗组38例行术前^192Ir近距离腔内放疗，阴道盒源旁1cm 2000～3000cGy，分2～3次，2～3周完成，放疗后10～14天行宫颈癌根治术即广泛子宫切除＋盆腔淋巴结清扫术；单纯手术组40例直接行宫颈癌根治术。评定两组的疗效和术前阴道腔内后装放疗对手术的影响及术后并发症的情况。结果：术前放疗组宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小，总有效率（CR＋PR）94．7％（36／38），术前放疗组和单纯手术组相比未增加手术难度和术后并发症，两组局部控制率分别为1年（89．5％和80．0％，P〉0．05）、3年（82．9％和61．3％，P〈0．05）、5年（76．9％和52．6％，P〈0．05）；两组1、3和5年生存率分别为（85．0％和92．1％，P〉0．05）、（83．9％和87．9％，P〉0．05）和（78.3％和80．0％，P〉0．05），差异无显著性。结论：术前近距离阴道腔内后装放疗可作为Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌综合治疗的一种有效的治疗方法，对Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌有满意的局部控制率。     

219例子宫颈癌根治术的并发症分析

目的分析子宫颈癌根治术后并发症及其相关因素,探讨其防治措施。方法1995年1月至2003年12月间,施行子宫颈癌根治术219例。其中ⅠA期26例（ⅠA1期17例,ⅠA2期9例）,ⅠB期142例（ⅠB1期78例,ⅠB2期64例）,ⅡA期40例,Ⅱb期3例,另外8例为外院治疗后无法分期。采用子宫颈癌根治术204例,改良子宫颈癌根治术15例。结果发生手术并发症49例,发生率为22．4％。手术并发症主要为尿潴留、淋巴囊肿、腹部伤口感染,其发生率分别为10．0％、7．8％和6．8％。子宫颈癌根治术并发症发生率高于改良子宫颈癌根治术。术前外院介入化疗、根治性放疗和既往有腹部手术史者的手术并发症发生率为分别为50．0％（2／4）、100％（1／1）和25．0％（13／52）,差异无统计学意义。87例术前辅助放疗的手术并发症发生率（25．3％）高于未辅助放疗者（19．4％）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0．239）。结论子宫颈癌根治术后并发症与术式有关,术前辅助腔内后装放疗不增加并发症,适当缩小手术范围可减少手术并发症。     

160例Ⅱb期宫颈癌术前光子线+术中电子线照射的远期疗效分析

目的 分析官颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的远期疗效.方法 对160例应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者资料进行回顾分析.全部患者术前先全盆腔接受了20 Gy分10次外照射和192Ir近距离腔内放疗,1周后全盆腔接受了12 MeV电子线18～20 Gy照射.结果 随访率为98.1%.随访满5、10年患者分别为143、135例.5年和10年生存率、无瘤生存率、局部控制率分别为89.4%、86.3%、96.3%和84.4%、81.0%、95.0%.放射性直肠炎、膀胱炎发生率分别为5.0%、0.6%.放疗后肾孟积水、下肢水肿发生率分别为6.3%、1.3%.结论 宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射可提高患者生存率,且对肿瘤原发部位局部控制效果好,放疗副反应少.     

介入化疗和放疗在宫颈癌术前治疗中的作用

目的　通过对 15 7例ⅠB～ⅡB期宫颈癌术前放化疗患者进行分析 ,探讨术前不同治疗方法与手术疗效的关系。方法　分别对 76例及 81例ⅠB～ⅡB期患者行术前介入化疗及腔内放疗 ,化疗组术前采用选择性髂内动脉插管化疗 ,药物 :顺铂80～ 10 0mg、表阿霉素 70mg、5 氟脲嘧啶 1～ 1.2 5 g。放疗组术前采用192 Ir高剂量率腔内放疗 ,A点剂量 10 0 0～ 2 0 0 0cGy/2～4次共 1～ 2周 ,治疗后 2周左右行宫颈癌根治术。结果　术前介入化疗后肿瘤退缩率好于术前放疗者 ;术后病理高危因素发生率亦低于术前放疗者 ,但均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。在巨块型宫颈癌患者 (肿瘤直径≥ 4cm)中 ,化疗组及放疗组术后 2年复发率分别为 12 .5 %及 31.9% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而当宫颈肿瘤直径 <4cm时 ,放疗组及化疗组术后 2年复发率无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。术前治疗有效者及无效者术后 2年复发率分别为 13.6 %及 30 .3% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　巨块型宫颈癌患者术前行介入化疗者预后好于术前放疗者 ;术前治疗后肿瘤退缩情况与术后 2年复发率相关。     

巨块型宫颈癌术前放化疗的临床分析

探讨巨块型宫颈癌Ⅰ b ～Ⅱb 期术前腔内照射及化疗的疗效。54例宫颈肿瘤大于5cm的Ⅰ b～Ⅱb 期宫颈癌患者术给予192Ⅰr腔内照射 ,剂量为12Gy～18Gy,腹壁下动脉插管化疗(VCR2mg、BLM16mg、DDP20mg) ,1～2个疗程。术前放疗组的有效消退率明显高于化疗组     

Ⅰb～Ⅱb期宫颈癌术前辅助化疗、放疗的疗效分析

目的 :探讨术前新辅助化疗、放疗对Ⅰb～Ⅱb期宫颈癌高危患者的疗效。方法 :选择Ⅰb～Ⅱb期宫颈癌高危患者 (巨块型、分化差、未分化或腺癌 ) ,分术前化疗组、术前放疗组、以及同期治疗直接行根治性子宫切除加盆淋清扫术为对照组。结果 :①新辅助化疗组 4 0例 ,盆腔淋巴转移 2例 ,与单手术组 (46 / 2 30 )比较盆腔淋巴转移显著减少 (P <0 .0 2 )。化疗敏感者 (33/ 4 0 )的盆腔淋巴转移危险降低 (P =0 .0 2 7)。②术前腔内放疗 16例可以缩小肿瘤病灶但对盆腔淋巴转移作用不大 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :术前化疗对Ⅰb～Ⅱb期宫颈癌高危患者有效 ,可以提高手术切除率 ,消除淋巴结转移和亚临床病灶 ,改善长期存活 ,减少术后辅助放疗机率 ,为提高生存质量带来益处。化疗不敏感者可能预后不良。术前腔内放疗可提高手术切除率 ,但对预后可能影响不大。     

巨块型宫颈癌术前放疗20例临床观察

[目的]探讨较早期巨块型宫颈癌术前适当剂量阴道腔内放疗的意义。[方法]经宫颈活检病理检查确诊，宫颈肿块4cm-7cm的Ⅰb2期和Ⅱa期宫颈癌患者20例，采用后装治疗机阴道腔内放射源为^192铱(^192Ⅰr)，A点剂量为2100cGy-2400cGy，分3-4次照射，每次间隔3—4天，放疗前、放疗后和手术前经阴道窥器肉眼观察测量和B超探查综合观察肿块变化情况。[结果]宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小，有效率90％，放疗结束后7-10天19例行宫颈癌根治术。手术标本病理检查4例已无癌细胞，2例散在退变癌细胞，其余同术前。[结论]较早期巨块型宫颈癌行宫颈癌根治术前适当剂量腔内放疗，使肿瘤缩小，有利于手术进行，不增加手术副损伤和并发症。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.