纳米晶胶原基骨材料在颈椎前路中的临床应用

目的 探讨应用纳米晶胶原基骨材料(纳米人工骨)进行颈椎前路减压融合治疗颈椎病的可行性。方法 随访分析了12例采用颈椎前路减压纳米人工骨椎间植入融合结合前路钛合金钢板固定治疗颈椎病的临床疗效,平均随访5.8±0.8月,采用JOA评分评定手术效果;颈椎正、侧位及屈、伸动力侧位X线检查判定融合效果和椎间隙高度恢复维持情况。结果 纳米人工骨块融合率术后3月为81.4％、术后5月为100％;术后1周融合节段椎间隙高度由术前4.9±1.4mm恢复至9.5±1.6mm、颈椎生理前凸部分恢复,末次随访时椎间隙高度和生理前凸保持良好;术后1周JOA评分由术前8.6±1.5分提高至11.6±1.5分、末次随访时为13.8±1.4分;植骨块、钢板、螺钉无松动和移位。结论 颈椎前路减压融合术中应用纳米人工骨临床短期效果接近自体骨移植,避免了取髂骨的各种并发症,缩短了手术时间,纳米人工骨是一种较为理想的颈椎前路手术植骨材料。     

应用PEEK材料cage颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的：观察分析应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效.方法：应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病39例83节段,其中单节段6例,双节段22例,三节段11例.手术前后应用JOA评分评定手术效果.结果：术后随访36.1（10～50）个月,JOA评分术前为平均（8.9±1.4）分,术后末次随访时为（14.3±2.4）分,平均改善率为（66.3%±5.4%）,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）,优良率为76.9%.颈椎生理曲度、融合节段高度均恢复,以三节段者为佳.椎间融合率术后6、12个月分别为89.7%、100%.无并发症发生.结论：应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效可靠,能够提高和维持颈椎曲度和融合节段高度.     

自体骨或硫酸钙人工骨结合MC+~椎间融合器在颈椎前路融合中的应用:疗效及并发症比较

背景:自体骨在颈椎植骨融合术中应用最早、最多,但其来源有限,同时也带来供骨区感染、出血、术后疼痛等并发症。近年来随着新型植骨融合材料的使用,使上述并发症得以避免或减少。目的:比较MC+?椎间融合器结合自体骨与硫酸钙人工骨在颈椎前路融合中的临床效果。方法:于2008-01/12对26例脊髓型颈椎病患者共34个节段实施前路椎间盘摘除、椎体融合术,取颈前斜切口3.0～4.0cm,切除椎间盘及后纵韧带,保留终板,自体骨组椎间融合器填充自体髂骨松质骨,硫酸钙组椎间融合器填充Wright公司OsteoSet人工骨,结合固定嵌片使用。以术后X射线片和JOA评分及术后Odom’s疗效评定标准评价疗效。结果与结论:两组共26例患者(34个节段)全部获得随访,术后两组JOA评分无明显差异,术后两组临床疗效评定(Odom’s标准)优良率,硫酸钙组高于自体骨组,但差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。术后3,6个月人工骨组融合率比自体骨组低,但12个月时两组融合率均为100%。硫酸钙组术后6个月前凸角丢失较自体骨组多0.4°,两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。提示硫酸钙结合MC+?椎间融合器与自体骨结合MC+?椎间融合器治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效一致,但硫酸钙人工骨可以有效避免取骨区并发症。     

颈前路手术治疗颈椎伤病若干问题探讨

目的探讨颈前路手术治疗颈椎伤病若干问题。方法本组18例,颈椎病7例,颈椎骨折脱位伴外伤性椎间盘突出10例,颈椎炎症破坏1例,行颈前路伤病椎节间盘切除,椎体次全切除、减压、后纵韧带作选择性切除、骼骨植骨、钛钢板固定。结果随访3-19个月,无发生与手术相关并发症。 ASIA分级中A级2例无改善,C级5例改善至D级,D级3例中2例改善至E级,1例无改善。JOA评分 13-17分。1例术后继发应激性上消化道出血致死。复查X片,骨折复位良好,无断钉、断板、钢板松脱、椎间高度丢失,植骨块无移位、融合好,内固定位置好。结论颈髓损伤后8小时内应用大剂量甲基强的松龙,可有效治疗脊髓继发性损伤,促进神经功能恢复。既要及时、充分减压又要最大限度保护颈椎功能。要尽量保护具有安全稳定作用的后纵韧带完整性,必要时可作选择性切除。对施术椎节行确实的植骨融合固定是取得良好疗效的根本保障。     

可变角度零切迹前路椎间融合内固定系统治疗脊髓型颈椎病：30个月随访

背景:目前颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合是手术治疗颈椎病的"金标准",其中颈前路零切迹椎间融合器逐渐在临床中推广并应用,具有良好的临床疗效及影像学结果。目的:评价可变角度零切迹前路椎间融合内固定系统在颈椎前路手术中治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期疗效。方法:纳入2015年1月至2018年1月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者81例,其中42例采用可变角度零切迹前路椎间融合内固定系统行颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合治疗(试验组),39例采用传统钛板-cage系统行颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合治疗(对照组)。随访比较两组患者的目测类比评分、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、颈椎Cobb-C角、颈椎Cobb-S角、椎间融合情况及并发症发生情况。试验方案已获得广州中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:NO.JY2020199)。结果与结论:(1)两组患者术后的目测类比评分、JOA评分均较术前明显改善(P <0.05),两组间术后的目测类比评分与JOA评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P> 0.05);(2)两组术后3 d、30个月时的Cobb-S角较术前均有明显改善(P <0.05),试验...     

锚定聚醚醚酮融合器结合纳米人工骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病(英文)

背景:聚醚醚酮聚合物在体内外实验表明,它与人体组织有良好的相容性,最接近骨的弹性模量,并具有良好的塑性和硬度,是最佳的椎间融合器材料。目的:评价锚定聚醚醚酮椎间融合器结合纳米人工骨在脊髓型颈椎病前路间盘切除后椎体间融合效果。方法:回顾性分析2007-05/2009-09哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者17例,男12例,女5例;年龄55(42~67)岁。均采用前路间盘切除后锚定聚醚醚酮融合器结合纳米人工骨椎间融合治疗。JOA评分评价神经功能恢复情况;术前、术后3个月X射线检查测量椎间高度,侧位像过伸过曲位观察融合情况。结果与结论:术后17例患者症状均有所改善,在术后的几天内,患者的下肢肌力增加,术后肢体的灵活性较术前改善。术后3个月JOA评分较术前明显提高,手术节段稳定,椎间高度恢复满意。无并发症发生,所有病例经X射线证实均达到牢固融合。结果说明锚定聚醚醚酮融合器可以使颈椎手术节段获得即刻稳定,锚定聚醚醚酮融合器结合纳米人工骨手术创伤小,手术时间短,融合效果确定,并发症较低,是治疗脊髓型颈椎病一种良好的选择。     

单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用#br#

目的　探讨单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用,报告5年随访疗效。 方法 　选取47例因脊髓型或神经根型颈椎病行颈椎前路减压+单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器置入术患者。侧位X线片观察椎间高度、颈椎前凸角及植骨融合率;术前及术后进行JOA评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;VAS评分评价患者颈部或肢体疼痛;SF-36健康调查评分观察临床疗效。 结果　术后6个月67个融合节段均获骨性融合。椎间隙高度术前为（4.47±0.86）mm,末次随访为（7.41±0.72）mm。颈椎前凸角术前为（0.7±4.1）°,末次随访为（5.9±3.6）°。随访56~96个月,所有患者未出现严重手术并发症,神经功能有明显恢复。JOA评分由术前（9.15 ±0.22）分增至末次随访（14.89±0.16）分,VAS评分由术前（5.24±1.44）分减至末次随访（0.35±0.49）分。JOA及VAS评分术前较术后各次随访具有统计学差异（P<0.05),但术后各次随访之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。SF-36健康调查评分6个维度,术前及术后评分均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论　单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器能使融合节段获得即刻稳定性,有效恢复和维持椎间隙高度,植骨融合率高,中远期疗效好,适用于多种需前路减压的颈椎退变性疾病。     

单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用

目的探讨单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用,报告5年随访疗效。方法选取47例因脊髓型或神经根型颈椎病行颈椎前路减压+单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器置入术患者。侧位X线片观察椎间高度、颈椎前凸角及植骨融合率;术前及术后进行JOA评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;VAS评分评价患者颈部或肢体疼痛;SF-36健康调查评分观察临床疗效。结果术后6个月67个融合节段均获骨性融合。椎间隙高度术前为(4.47±0.86)mm,末次随访为(7.41±0.72)mm。颈椎前凸角术前为(0.7±4.1)°,末次随访为(5.9±3.6)°。随访56～96个月,所有患者未出现严重手术并发症,神经功能有明显恢复。JOA评分由术前(9.15±0.22)分增至末次随访(14.89±0.16)分,VAS评分由术前(5.24±1.44)分减至末次随访(0.35±0.49)分。JOA及VAS评分术前较术后各次随访具有统计学差异(P0.05),但术后各次随访之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。SF-36健康调查评分6个维度,术前及术后评分均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器能使融合节段获得即刻稳定性,有效恢复和维持椎间隙高度,植骨融合率高,中远期疗效好,适用于多种需前路减压的颈椎退变性疾病。     

高龄颈椎管狭窄症手术治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨高龄(60岁以上)颈椎管狭窄症患者的手术治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析10年来我科收治的45例高龄颈椎管狭窄症的患者,根据不同病情,分别采用了颈前路骨化后纵韧带切除减压 钢板内固定 植骨术,双开门 中央植骨术,后路全椎板切除 侧块钢板内固定术。按JOA标准评定疗效。结果:所有病例均获随访6～24个月,平均16.4个月。术前JOA评分平均为(7.6±2.0)分,术后1年JOA评分平均为(14.3±1.9)分,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。改善率:优32例,良13例,优良率为91.1%。植骨全部骨性融合。结论:高龄颈椎管狭窄症的手术治疗,只要方法得当,减压充分,固定牢固,有效的植骨融合,可获得较好的手术效果。     

两种颈椎前路减压重建术治疗两节段颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较两种颈椎前路减压重建术治疗两节段颈椎病的临床及影像学结果。方法 40例连续两个间隙病变的颈椎病患者,依据手术方式分为A、B两组。A组(n=22):颈前路椎体次全切除减压+钛网植骨、钢板内固定;B组(n=18):椎间盘切除减压、Solis椎体间植骨融合组。视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和日本整形外科学会(JOA)计分评价临床效果。用颈椎X线侧位片测量颈椎曲度、手术节段椎间高度评价影像学结果。结果平均随访26个月(14～37个月)。A、B两组随访末期VAS、JOA评分分别较术前有显著改善(P0.05),两组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);A组随访末期融合节段椎间高度丢失较B组明显(P005)、B组颈椎曲度维持优于A组(P0.05);A组出血量和手术时间均大于B组(P0.05)。结论两种减压重建术均可获得良好的神经功能改善;就颈椎曲度、椎间高度、手术时间和出血量而言,B组术式有更多优势。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.