多氯联苯暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应

目的:探讨环境有机污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响?方法:以斑马鱼为模式生物,配制3.000?2.000?1.000?0.500?0.250?0.125?0.050 mg/L 7个不同浓度的PCB1254对斑马鱼胚胎进行暴露处理,观察PCB1254暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育形态及孵化率?死亡率的影响?结果:①中?高浓度(0.25 mg/L以上)的PCB1254暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育具有一定的致死和致畸效应,随着PCB1254浓度的升高,斑马鱼受精卵的孵化率明显降低,而致畸率?死亡率明显升高,存在着明显的剂量-效应关系;② PCB1254暴露造成的斑马鱼胚胎发育畸形主要表现为脊椎弯曲和心包水肿;③低浓度(0.125 mg/L以下)PCB1254暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育无明显影响; ④PCB1254暴露96 h对斑马鱼半致死浓度LC50为1.082 mg/L,95%可信区间范围为0.917~1.327 mg/L?结论:不同浓度的PCB1254暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育具有不同的致死和致畸效应,提示必须加强对环境有机污染物的监测和控制?     

miR-182在多氯联苯（PCB1254）暴露后视网膜神经节细胞内的表达及意义

目的：研究多氯联苯（polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs）PCB1254引起视网膜神经节细胞毒性作用的可能机制。方法：分别配制浓度为0.125、0.250、0.500、1.000 mg/L的PCB1254对RGC-5细胞进行暴露处理,并设立空白对照及0.01%甲醇对照组,测定细胞内miR-182表达水平;利用miR-182类似物或抑制剂转染RGC-5细胞,使miR-182上调或下调,分别检测细胞凋亡、细胞增殖功能和细胞周期;使用0.5、1.0 mg/L的PCB1254刺激RGC-5细胞,再转染miR-182类似物,分别检测细胞凋亡、细胞增殖功能。结果：随着PCB1254浓度的增高,RGC-5细胞内miR-182的表达逐渐被抑制,当浓度≥0.5 mg/L时,与对照组的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在RGC-5细胞内沉默miR-182可导致Caspase-3活性增高（P<0.05）,表明miR-182沉默促进细胞凋亡;CCK-8法显示miR-182沉默会导致RGC-5细胞活力降低（P<0.05）,表明miR-182沉默会抑制细胞增殖;MiR-182沉默对RGC-5细胞周期无显著影响（P>0.05）。使用miR-182 类似物干预0.5、1.0 mg/L PCB1254暴露后的RGC-5细胞,发现细胞内 Caspase-3活性下降（P<0.05）、细胞活力增加（P<0.05）,表明miR-182可改善PCB1254对RGC-5细胞凋亡及增殖功能的影响。结论：PCB1254可能通过抑制miR-182的表达来影响RGC-5细胞的增殖和凋亡,进而导致视功能损害。     

氯丙嗪在斑马鱼胚胎和早期幼鱼发育过程中的神经毒性作用

目的 采用模式动物斑马鱼作为研究对象,观察氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine,CPZ)暴露对胚胎和幼鱼早期神经发育的影响.方法 在一般毒性评价的基础上,通过整体胚胎细胞凋亡检测和脑组织病理学检查,了解CPZ对神经发育的器质性改变;采用神经行为学方法,包括幼鱼触动逃避反应、自发运动以及惊恐逃避反射等,研究氯丙嗪暴露所致的神经发育功能性障碍.结果斑马鱼胚胎受精后6 h(6 hpf)～72 hpf暴露于CPZ(≥5 mg/L)可引起胚胎和幼鱼死亡、致畸和幼鱼孵化延迟,并呈浓度和时间依赖性;采用吖啶橙染色检测36 hpf整体胚胎凋亡细胞,发现凋亡细胞主要集中在胚胎中脑、后脑、丘脑以及中后脑连接区、脊索和尾部等处;脑组织病理学检测发现,7dpf幼鱼颅腔增大、脑体积减小、脑细胞缩小且细胞间隙增宽.6～72 hpf CPZ(≥0.0625 mg/L)暴露后,幼鱼神经行为学研究发现,CPZ(≥0.125 mg/L)可引起3dpf幼鱼触觉运动能力下降;CPZ(≥0 5 mg/L)可浓度依赖性地抑制幼鱼自发运动,并出现僵直不动、震颤或快速刻板式转圈运动等行为改变;光惊恐实验中,暗环境下各暴露组幼鱼对突发强光刺激均表现为惊跳逃避,并且暗-光交替期运动加速度变化与对照组无显著差异;在撤除光源后,1mg/L和2 mg/L暴露组幼鱼暗适应时程缩短,而0.125 mg/L和0.25 mg/L暴露组暗适应时程延长,提示CPZ对外界刺激引发的幼鱼活跃游动有抑制和促进双重毒性作用.结论 CPZ暴露对斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼具有明显的神经发育毒性作用.模式动物斑马鱼作为一种高通量筛选模型在外源性化合物神经发育毒性评价中具有较好的应用前景.     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对斑马鱼造血干细胞的影响

目的 观察2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性和造血干细胞发育的影响。方法 野生型斑马鱼胚胎暴露于2,4-D水溶液中,RT-PCR测定2,4-D暴露后斑马鱼胚胎cmyb基因表达水平,cmyb探针原位杂交和cmyb： eGFP转基因鱼系观察2,4-D暴露后斑马鱼胚胎造血干细胞的发育水平。 结果 急性毒性试验显示,5、10mg/L 2,4-D组胚胎的死亡率随着暴露时间延长,胚胎死亡率维持在8%,而20mg/L 2,4-D组胚胎的死亡率随着暴露时间延长,胚胎死亡率逐渐上升,至96h时胚胎全部死亡。受精后48、72h暴露组胚胎孵化率随着暴露浓度增加而减少,并呈现一定的剂量效应关系,受精72h的LC50为16.3mg/L,95%的可信区间为（13.2mg/L,21.3mg/L）。与对照组相比,受精后48h 10mg/L 2,4-D组（t=13.11,P<0.001）和受精后72h 10mg/L 2,4-D（t=7.176,P<0.001）组胚胎造血干细胞数量减少,受精后48h 10mg/L 2,4-D组胚胎的造血干细胞标记基因cmyb(t=28.98,P<0.001)和原始红系祖细胞标记性基因gata1(t=13.60,P<0.001)表达量明显降低。结论 2,4-D可能通过影响cmyb基因的表达导致斑马鱼胚胎造血干细胞发育毒性。     

多氯联苯暴露对斑马鱼脊柱形态及BMP-2?BMP-4基因表达的影响

目的:探讨环境有机污染物多氯联苯暴露对斑马鱼生存率?脊柱形态及骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)-2?BMP-4基因表达的影响?方法:以斑马鱼为模式动物,配制0.125?1.000 mg/L 2个不同浓度的多氯联苯对斑马鱼胚胎进行暴露处理,同时设空白对照,观察多氯联苯暴露对斑马鱼幼鱼存活率?脊柱形态及BMP-2?BMP-4基因表达的影响?结果:①低浓度(0.125 mg/L)多氯联苯暴露120 hpf对斑马鱼幼鱼的存活率?脊柱形态无明显影响;②高浓度(1 mg/L)多氯联苯暴露120 hpf后,斑马鱼存活率明显下降且存活的斑马鱼大多出现了脊柱弯曲畸形的现象;③低?高浓度的多氯联苯暴露120 hpf后BMP-2及BMP-4基因表达均较空白对照组明显降低(P < 0.05)?结论:不同浓度的多氯联苯暴露对斑马鱼骨骼发育均有一定的毒害作用,提示我们必须加强对多氯联苯等环境有机污染物的监测和控制?     

MMP21基因表达下调对斑马鱼心脏环化的影响

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶21(matrix metallopeptidase 21,MMP21)基因表达下调对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响.方法 在斑马鱼胚胎1～2细胞期采用显微注射吗啡啉反义寡核苷酸(morpholino antisense oligonucleotides,MO)的方法下调MMP21基因的表达.10体节期用RT-PCR方法检测MMP21-MO的有效性.设置0.5、0.75、1 mmol/L和1.5 mmol/L 4个不同浓度梯度的MMP21-MO注射组,以标准对照吗啡啉反义寡核苷酸(Con-MO)注射组和野生型(WT)组为对照.体视显微镜下观察各组斑马鱼胚胎发育情况,统计分析不同注射浓度斑马鱼胚胎死亡以及畸形数量.整胚原位杂交检测心脏特异性标志物(cardiac myosin light chain 2,cmlc2)在受精后28 h(hours post fertilization,hpf)及受精后48 h的表达,体视显微镜下观察受精后72 h斑马鱼胚胎心脏,分析各时间点斑马鱼心脏环化情况.通过计数各组斑马鱼胚胎受精后24、48及72 h心率和测量各组胚胎受精后72 h时心室收缩分数(ventricular shortening fraction,VSF),评价MMP21基因表达下调对斑马鱼心脏功能的影响.结果 MMP21-MO能够有效抑制MMP21基因的表达.MMP21-MO对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响存在一定的剂量反应关系.1 mmol/L MMP21-MO注射组胚胎畸形率最高,死亡率较低,畸形主要表现为心前区水肿、心脏环化异常、心脏搏动减弱和心率减慢.整胚原位杂交结果显示MMP21基因的表达下调导致心脏特异标志物cmlc2 mRNA在受精后28 h和受精后48 h时期异常表达,提示心脏环化前期阶段(cardiac jogging)和心脏环化(cardiac looping)过程异常.受精后72 h体视显微镜下观察斑马鱼心脏形态同样发现MMP21-MO注射组斑马鱼心脏环化异常.与对照组比较MMP21-MO注射组胚胎心率减慢,心室收缩分数下降.结论 MMP21基因表达下调导致斑马鱼心脏环化异常及心功能受损,MMP21基因可能在斑马鱼心脏环化过程中发挥重要作用.     

多氯联苯(PCB1254)诱导胰岛细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 :本研究探讨多氯联苯(PCB1254)诱导体外培养胰岛β细胞株INS-1凋亡的可能机制。方法 :用不同浓度的PCB1254刺激INS-1细胞后,使用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,选择适当浓度的PCB1254进行INS-1细胞凋亡机制的研究;PCB1254(5μg/ml)刺激INS-1细胞后,倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态学变化,并以流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测Cleaved Caspase-3、Caspase-3、Bim、Bcl-2、c-Fos、p-JNK、p-P38、p-ERK蛋白的表达;二氢乙啶(dihydroethidium,DHE)荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;PCB1254诱导INS-1细胞凋亡后,使用ERK抑制剂PD98059进行干预,倒置显微镜下观察细胞凋亡情况。结果:随着浓度的增加,PCB1254对细胞活性的抑制逐渐增强,当浓度≥5μg/ml时,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);倒置显微镜下观察PCB1254(5μg/ml)能引起INS-1细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞脱落,漂浮于培养基中;流式细胞术检测结果显示PCB1254能诱导INS-1细胞凋亡;Western blot检测凋亡细胞中凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved Caspase-3、Bim表达上调,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达下调,氧化应激相关蛋白c-Fos表达上调,ROS荧光增强;MAPK信号通路中p-ERK蛋白表达上调;ERK抑制剂PD98059干预后细胞凋亡无明显变化。结论:PCB1254可能通过氧化应激信号通路引起INS-1细胞的凋亡,此过程中伴有ERK信号通路的激活。     

视网膜内源性多肽CKASKGKL调节p53/cyclinD1信号通路拮抗多氯联苯暴露致子代视网膜损伤

目的:探讨视网膜内源性多肽CKASKGKL对多氯联苯(PCBs)暴露致子代视网膜发育异常的拮抗作用及可能的作用机制。方法:以斑马鱼为模式动物,收集斑马鱼胚胎予以PCBs处理,同时给予多肽CKASKGKL进行挽救实验,收集受精后48h幼鱼制备石蜡切片,显微镜下观察各组子代斑马鱼视网膜发育情况。以大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)为工具细胞,予以PCBs处理,同时给予多肽CKASKGKL进行挽救实验,CCK-8检测各组细胞增殖活性;采用基因富集分析(GSEA)了解多肽CKASKGKL可能作用的信号通路,Western blotting初步验证多肽CKASKGKL对视网膜神经节细胞p53/cyclinD1信号通路的影响。结果:多肽CKASKGKL可以拮抗PCBs暴露致子代斑马鱼视网膜发育异常,可以拮抗PCBs暴露致视网膜神经节细胞增殖活性降低;GSEA结果显示,多肽CKASKGKL可能通过参与p53信号通路发挥作用;Western blotting检测显示,多肽CKASKGKL干预后,视网膜神经节细胞中p53表达降低,其下游负调控基因cyclinD1表达增高。结论:多肽CKASKGKL可以拮抗P...     

Clec14a基因调控斑马鱼胚胎血管发育*

目的：探索Clec14a在斑马鱼胚胎期的表达及其在血管发育过程中的功能,探讨该基因调控血管发育机制。方法：通过胚胎整体原位杂交技术,观察Clec14a基因在斑马鱼胚胎期的表达情况;在转基因斑马鱼系Tg（kdrl:mCherry）和Tg（fli1a:nGFP）中,显微注射吗啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸（morpholinoantisense oligos）下调Clec14a基因表达,同时在转基因斑马鱼系Tg（kdrl:mCherry）中注射Clec14a-mRNA调控Clec14a基因表达,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析斑马鱼节间血管（intersegment vessel,ISV）表型,统计分析内皮细胞迁移速度和数目的变化,并应用qRT-PCR技术检测下调后该基因mRNA表达情况。结果：在受精后24 h、48 h和72 h,Clec14a基因在斑马鱼脑、心脏、血管系统中有表达;Clec14a基因表达下调导致ISV发育缺陷,内皮细胞数目减少,抑制其迁移速度。结论：下调Clec14a基因表达能够通过抑制内皮细胞增殖和内皮细胞迁移调控斑马鱼胚胎血管发育。     

Connexin43基因表达下调导致斑马鱼胚胎后部体节发育异常

目的：验证斑马鱼胚胎体节的发育是否受到间隙连接蛋白connexin43（cx43）基因表达调控。方法：利用吗啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸（morpholino antisense oligos）下调cx43基因的表达;单克隆抗体CH1进行全胚胎的免疫荧光来标记体节;全胚胎的TUNEL实验检测细胞凋亡。结果：研究发现cx43基因表达下调的斑马鱼胚胎呈现为尾部向侧下弯曲,并且后部体节排列紊乱。进一步的研究证实cx43下调诱导了后部体节细胞的异常凋亡。结论：cx43与斑马鱼后部体节的正常发育有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.