冠状动脉成形术对急性心肌梗死QT离散度影响分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉病变程度、病变部位及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗死(AMl)患者QT离散度(QTd)、心率校正QT离散度(correcteqd QT dispersion,QTcd)的影响.方法 对确诊的130例AMI患者于入院第5～10天行PCI治疗,其中单支血管病变68例(包括左前降支30例、右冠状动脉20例、左回旋支18例),多支血管病变62例,与100例同期冠状动脉造影结果 正常者(对照组)进行比较,对照分析术前1 d和术后1 d的标准18导联同步心电图QTd及QTcd.结果 AMI患者QTd及QTcd均较对照组延长(均P<0.05),且多支血管病变组QTd、QTcd较单支血管病变组延长(均P<0.05).冠状动脉病变部位对QTd和QTcd无明显影响(均P>0.05).PCI术后QTd和QTcd较术前缩短(均P<0.05),而单独进行冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)对QTd、QTcd无明显影响(P>0.05).结论 AMI患者QTd、QTcd明显高于正常人,且随着血管病变范围增大而变异增大,冠状动脉病变部位对QTd、QTcd无影响.成功的PCI能显著减小AMI患者QTd以及QTcd.     

负荷QT离散度与冠心病相关性分析

QT间期包括心室除极和复极的总时间,QT离散度(QT dispersion,QTd)反映各部位心肌复极的离散程度.在心肌局部缺血或室壁运动异常,急性心肌梗死,心肌肥厚及心功能不全时,均可导致QTd变化.本文通过77例冠状动脉造影(Coronary angiography,CAG)结果对照,对心电图运动试验时QTd、QTcd与冠心病(CHD)的相关性作进一步讨论.     

支架植入术对急性冠脉综合征患者QT离散度的影响

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)是因不稳定的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂激发血栓形成所致的急性心肌缺血综合征,包括急性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛.ACS患者恶性心律失常的发生与QT离散度(QTd)密切相关,我们采用12导联心电图测定最长QT间期(QTmax)、校正最长QT间期(QTcmax)、最短QT间期(QTmin)、校正最短QT间期(QTcmin)、QTd及校正QT离散度(QTcd),观察支架植入术对ACS患者心肌的保护作用.     

高龄急性心肌梗死室性心律失常与QT间期离散度的关系

目的　探讨 70岁以上的老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者室性心律失常与QTcd的关系。方法　回顾性单盲法分析 10 0例 70岁以上老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病 2 4h内首次心电图未校正的QT离散度(QTd)、心率校正QT离散度 (QTcd)。结果　 5 5例QTcd大于 6 0ms患者室性心律失常发生率明显高于QTcd小于 6 0ms的患者。结论　老年急性心肌梗死QTcd增高是导致室性心律失常的原因之一 ,早期测定QTcd是防止心律失常导致猝死的重要检测内容     

QT离散度与冠状动脉病变的关系及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对其影响

目的　探讨QT离散度 (QTd)与冠心病患者冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变的关系以及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)对其影响。方法　选择 2 5例冠脉病变狭窄程度≥ 80 %冠心病患者并对其病变血管实施PTCA术。 3支冠脉中 1支有病变者归入单支病变组 (A组 ,10例 ) ,2支以上有病变者归入多支病变组 (B组 ,15例 )。测定两组患者PTCA术前及术后第 1、第 7天的标准 12导联心电图及校正的QT离散度(QTcd)。结果　术前及术后第 1天B组QTcd显著大于A组 (P <0 .0 1)。术后第 7天A组与B组QTcd无显著差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。术后两组患者的QTcd均显著小于各自术前 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,B组术后第 1天QTcd仍显著大于术后第 7天 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而A组术后第 1天QTcd与术后第 7天比较无显著差异。结论　QT离散度与冠脉病变支数呈正相关。成功地行PTCA术可明显减少冠心病患者QT离散度 ;多支病变QT离散度减少速度慢于单支病变。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对心绞痛和心肌梗塞QT离散度的影响及其临床临床意义

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉内成形术(PTCA)对心绞痛和心肌梗塞病人QT离散度(QTd)的影响及其意义。方法：分析84例心绞痛和心肌梗塞患PTCA术前、术后一天内所记录的心电图。测算QT间期、QT离散度、心率校正QT离散度(QTcd)。病例分为三组：心绞痛PTCA成功组、心肌梗塞PTCA成功组、心肌梗塞PTCA失败组。分别对三组QTd、QT作术前、术后比较。结果：前二组术后QTd、QTcd较术前显减少(P<0.01)．失败组术前、术后QTd及QTcd差异无显性(P>0．05)。结论：成功的PTCA能显减少心绞痛和心肌梗塞患的QTd．提示可能减少心律失常的发生率,从而减少心肌缺血患的死亡率。可以改善患的预后。术后心肌梗塞患删减少可能反映了顿抑或冬眠心肌的“苏醒”。并表明梗塞区内尚有存活心肌。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI前后QT离散度和心率变异性的比较

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)前后QT离散度(QTd)和心率变异性(HRV)的变化。方法选取2013年6月至2014年6月间成功实施PCI的AMI患者78例为观察组,另选同期健康志愿者60例为对照组。观察组在PCI前及术后2周检测QTd和HRV相关指标,对照组在入组时检测。HRV指标主要包括24 h全部正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min RR间期均值的标准差(SDANN)及正常相邻RR间期差值的均方根(r MSSD)、相邻R-R间期相差≥50 ms占总窦性心率的百分数(PNN50)等。结果 QTd及QT矫正离散度(QTcd)在正常对照组及AMI患者PCI治疗前后之间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=660.300,F=499.095,P0.05),观察组治疗后QTd及QTcd明显低于治疗前(P0.05),但仍高于正常水平(P0.05)。观察组治疗前、治疗后与对照组之间有关SDNN、SADNN、r MSSD及PNN50比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=103.068,F=69.145,F=89.471,F=45.27,P均0.05)。治疗前后HRV时域各指标比较,均较治疗前升高(P0.05),但仍低于正常水平(P0.05)。结论 HRV及QTd联合分析,可对AMI患者诊治和预后做相对准确的评估。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架植入术对QT离散度的影响

目的 :观察冠心病患者在经皮冠状动脉内成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术 (stenting)后QT离散度 (QTdispersion ,QTd)的变化。方法 :对 6 8例冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥ 75 %而成功行PTCA和stent植入术前 ,术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )进行同步 12导联心电图检查 ,测量QTd和QTcd ,还同期测量了 6 2例仅行冠状动脉造影术的患者术前、术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )的QTd和QTcd。结果 :(1)冠状动脉造影组 :冠状动脉造影后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与冠状动脉造影前的QTd和QTcd比较均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )PTCA和stent植入术组 :PTCA和stent植入术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前的QTd和QTcd比较均明显缩短(P <0 .0 5 ) ,但术后 4h、2 4h、1周之间的QTd和QTcd比较均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。亚组分析表明 :多支病变组QTd、QTcd较单支病变组明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。单支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前QTd、QTcd比较均明显改善 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,但术后 4h、2 4h、1周QTd、QTcd相互比较无明显变化 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。单支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前比较QTd、QTcd改善率为 78% ,恶化率 15 % ,无变化者 7%。多支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前比较QTd、QTcd均无明显变化 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。多支病变组术后 (4h、2     

离子型与非离子型造影剂对冠脉造影时QT离散度的影响

目的　评价非离子型造影剂iopromide(370 ) (优维显 370 )和离子型造影剂 76 %diatrizoate(76 %优路芬 )对冠状动脉造影时QT离散度参数的影响。方法　 6 0例行冠状动脉造影的患者 ,男 4 1例 ,女 19例 ;年龄 (5 4± 11)岁。随机分为优维显组和优路芬组 ,采用Judkins法行冠状动脉造影。记录冠状动脉造影前和左、右侧冠状动脉第一次注射造影剂后连续 2 5秒的 12导联体表心电图 ,然后计算QT离散度。结果　左冠及右冠注入优维显、优路芬 10秒及2 0秒后 ,QT间期、QTc明显延长 ,但对QTd和QTcd均无明显影响。结论　冠脉造影时 ,优维显和优路芬对QT离散度无明显影响。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术对QT间期离散度的影响

目的　探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)对QT间期离散度 (QTd)的影响及其临床意义。方法　 6 2例非体外循环下行CABG的冠心病患者 ,分为不稳定型心绞痛 (A组 )、稳定劳力型心绞痛 (B组 )、合并陈旧性心肌梗死 (C组 ) ,15例冠脉造影正常者作为对照组 (D组 )。分别于术前和术后当天、2、4周及对照组相应时间记录 12导联同步心电图 ,对其QT间期测量 ,计算出QTd ,并进行统计学分析。结果　术前A、B、C 3组的QTd显著大于D组 (P <0 0 1～ 0 0 0 1) ,且A、C组大于B组(P <0 0 5 )。术后 2、4周各组QTd与术前相比均有缩短 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。A、B两组术后 4周QTd缩短值大于C组 (P <0 0 5 )。术后 4周LVEF恢复至 5 0 %以上者QTd缩短值显著大于LVEF仍低于 5 0 %者 (P <0 0 5 )。C组QTd≤ 70ms者术后QTd缩短值显著大于术前QTd >70ms者 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　QTd作为一种简单、可靠、廉价、无创的方法 ,可用于判断病情严重程度、不同类型冠心病手术疗效、评价和预测血运重建术的效果。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.