Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as hydronephrosis

Primary malignant tumors of the renal pelvis are relatively rare with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounting for 0.7% to 7%. We present a case of a 58-year-old male with huge hydronephrosis on the left side where histology of the resected specimen showed features of SCC. There was no evidence of renal calculi or other predisposing factors. The case highlights the rarity of the tumor in the absence of calculi, as well as the importance of a careful study of a gross specimen and histologic sections in every case of hydronephrosis.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with giant hydronephrosis--report of an autopsy case

An autopsy case of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with giant hydronephrosis, which is the fourth case in the Japanese literature, is reported. A 37-year-old man, who had been found to have a left abdominal mass was admitted because of dyspnea and lumbar pain. At autopsy the left kidney contained 2,550 ml of turbid yellowish fluid in the pelvis, with a tumor protruding from the cystic wall. Histologically, the tumor was mostly composed of squamous cell carcinoma, which showed keratinization and pearl formation, with focal transitional cell carcinoma and squamous metaplasia. The ureteropelvic junction was slightly obstructed by muscular hypertrophy and fibrosis.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with kidney stones: a case report

A 70-year-old female with a long-standing history of kidney calculi presented with vague abdominal pain. Work-up included a CT and MRI of the kidneys. A mass was demonstrated in the superior pole of the left kidney. The mass was biopsied percutaneously under CT guidance. Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma, but was inconclusive for a definitive cell type. The patient subsequently underwent a nephrectomy that revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the renal collecting system. She had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Chronic renal calculi pose a risk for the development of squamous metaplasia that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma. Although this malignancy is rare in the upper urinary tracts, patients with long-standing nephrolithiasis should be monitored. This diagnosis should be included in one's differential when evaluating a renal mass that is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis as a late complication of hepatic irradiation: A case report

A patient was treated with radiation therapy to the right hemiabdomen for a large cavernous hemangioma of the liver. Twenty years later, a squamous cell carcinoma of the right renal pelvis was diagnosed. The occurence of such a tumor as a late complication of irradiation has not been described before.     

肾盂移行上皮细胞癌CT诊断

目的探讨肾盂移行上皮细胞癌CT特点, 评价CT在肾盂移行上皮细胞癌诊断中的价值。方法 报告经手术病理证实的肾盂移行上皮细胞癌32例, 回顾性分析CT表现。结果 32例中15例见肾盂、肾盏内1.5cm-4.0cm大的结节状软组织肿块影, 肾窦脂肪受压、变薄, 但间隙存在;8例见肾盂、肾盏内直径4.1cm-9.0cm肿块, 累及肾门, 肾窦脂肪间隙消失;4例沿肾盂壁浸润性生长, 肾盂壁不规则增厚, 经肾门蔓延至输尿管上端, 肾盂、肾盏轻度扩张积水;5例肿块浸润肾实质, 并侵犯邻近组织, 形成密度不均的团块, 分不清肾盂、肾盏和肾实质, 肾门和腹膜后淋巴结增大。平扫:32例CT值33Hu-50Hu, 其中25例等密度, 4例略高密度, 3例略低密度;密度均匀21例, 密度不均匀11例;瘤内伴有小斑片状高密度出血灶5例, 小点状钙化5例, 坏死囊变3例。增强:CT增强扫描21例中13例于皮质期见肿块呈轻度均匀强化, 轻度不均匀强化8例;21例于实质期及肾盂期病灶强化程度均无明显增加, 与邻近增强肾实质相比, 肿瘤略呈低密度。32例中CT直接诊断肾盂癌21例, 提示肾盂癌可能7例, 误诊2例, 漏诊2例。结论 肾盂移行上皮细胞癌在CT平扫以等密度, 增强以轻度强化为主要征象, 在病灶的发现及定性, 螺旋CT具有较高价值。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with sarcomalike stroma: a light and electron microscopic study with immunohistochemical analysis

Primary neoplasms of the renal pelvis are rare. Most are malignant, and most of these are transitional cell carcinomas. We report the unusual occurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid stroma arising from the renal pelvic mucosa in a patient with renal lithiasis. Immunohistochemical stains for keratin intermediate filaments failed to demonstrate their presence in the spindle cell portion of the tumor. Transmission electron microscopic study did not reveal structures of an epithelial nature in these same cells. Our findings support the contention that the spindle cells of the stroma are not squamous in nature, but represent either a reactive or a neoplastic transformation of these underlying stromal elements.     

Squamous cell carcinoma at herniorrhaphy and unilateral renal agenesis

Unilateral renal agenesis occurs infrequently. However, it has been associated with malignancies at multiple primary sites, anomalies of the genitourinary system, and supernumerary limbs. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with an incarcerated left inguinal hernia and renal insufficiency. At herniorrhaphy, he had squamous cell carcinoma in the hernia sac. A postoperative evaluation revealed unilateral renal agenesis, stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and urolithiasis. The clinician should consider the genitourinary system as a primary site when patients present with the unusual finding of squamous cell carcinoma in the abdominal cavity and unilateral renal agenesis.     

Recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as diabetes insipidus

We present the case of a 61-year old man with intracranial recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as diabetes insipidus. Metastatic infiltration of the pituitary stalk was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging when cerebral computerized tomography scanning was unhelpful. Successful treatment followed, comprising radiotherapy and intranasal desmopressin.     

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is common skin malignancy arising from malignant proliferation of the keratinocytes of the epidermis. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is the most important risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment provide the best opportunity to cure cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Although it is locally invasive, squamous cell carcinomas usually remain localized and can be cured by a variety of techniques. Surgical excision is the most broadly used treatment for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma. It is well-tolerated, extremely effective, and the completeness of the procedure can be evaluated through histologic assessment of the specimen's margins. About 10 percent of squamous cell carcinomas in Japan spread to regional lymph nodes or more distant sites with a relatively poor outcome. Five-year cure rates are reported to be 85 to 80 percent for Japanese patients with squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. Recommendations for surgical margins vary depending upon the risk of local recurrence, especially; squamous cell carcinomas with perineural extension also need more extensive procedures. Patients with clinically enlarged lymph nodes may require radiographic imaging, fine needle aspiration, or lymph node biopsy. Depending upon the results of these tests, regional lymph node dissection may be done. Recently the sentinel lymph node biopsy technique is being evaluated for its ability to detect microscopic involvement in patients with high-risk patients who have no clinical evidence of lymph node metastasis. The occurrence of regional lymph node metastases places the patient at increased risk for the subsequent development of distant metastases. Distant metastases are associated with a markedly increased risk of disease-related mortality. Systemic chemotherapy has been to limited benefit in patients with disseminated squamous cell carcinoma patients. In Japanese patients with distant metastases, the five-year survival rate is about 10 percent. The ability of current chemotherapy protocols to increase the cure ratio in squamous cell carcinoma is still controversial.     

不能手术肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗效果分析

目的 回顾性分析不能手术治疗的肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗结果。方法 2006—2015年间 29例无法行肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌手术患者实行了放疗,其中男 18例、女 11例,年龄 41~95岁(中位数 76岁);肾癌 17例,肾盂输尿管癌 12例;临床血尿 14例,腰背痛 7例。采用剂量递增放疗模式,其中伽马刀治疗 17例、HT治疗 12例。伽马刀50%等剂量线为处方剂量线,3~5 Gy/次,PTV边缘 40~50 Gy,GTV边缘 60~70 Gy。HT 50、60、70 Gy分 15~20次。结果 原发灶CR率为17%(5/29)、PR率为69%(20/29),总有效率(CR+PR)为86%。血尿消失93%,腰背痛消失100%。3、5年样本量分别为15、11例,肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌3、5年生存率分别为81%、81%和69%、69%。治疗期间1、2级消化系统反应 25例,1、2级骨髓抑制 20例,给予药物对症治疗后好转。结论 肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌伽马刀和HT安全有效切可提高LC和OS率,为不能手术肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌患者提供了有效治疗手段。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the extremities

Between January 1976 and January 1983, 37 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the extremities have been treated at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre by the authors. Each case has arisen in an area of preexisting scar or sinus. Twenty-nine cases were treated by definitive amputation, with 2 local recurrences and 12 nodal metastases. Seven cases had local excision, with three local recurrences and two nodal metastases. Recurrence rate was highest in Grade II and Grade III lesions, and 11 of 15 cases with Grade II disease had metastases to the regional lymph nodes an average of 5 months after surgery. With Grade I disease patients, 4 of 15 had nodal metastases an average of 5 months after surgery. Prophylactic regional nodal irradiation or node dissection was performed in seven cases. None of these cases have shown nodal metastases at an average of 24 months following definitive surgery and radiation. Routine prophylactic regional node irradiation is recommended in all cases of peripheral squamous cell carcinoma.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas

Pancreatic malignancies can be subdivided into endocrine and non-endocrine processes. Of the non-endocrine tumours, ductal carcinoma is the most common, and the ductal carcinomas can be further subdivided into adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. The adenocarcinomas constitute most of the non-endocrine pancreatic malignancies, and the treatment options for these, although limited in efficacy, are relatively well established. The squamous cell carcinoma pathology is a rare entity, and few reports of it are found in the literature. As a result, treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas are poorly understood. Here, we report the presentation of a 48-year-old woman with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The subsequent investigations, treatment, and outcome are described.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is comparatively rare. Because of the small number of investigations based on sufficient population size, its clinicopathological features have not been fully elucidated. We report herein a patient with SCC of the breast who underwent surgical resection and whose therapeutic options are now considered.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas

Epidermoid cancer of the panceras is a rare variety of this malignancy. A case is presented. It has a characteristic angiographic appearance. Though in the past it has had a prognosis similar to the more common adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, a chemotherapeutic agent effective against epidermoid tumors at other sites has been effective in a case reported in the recent cancer treatment literature.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid

Eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid are reviewed. The clinical features and natural history of our cases are presented. All tumours showed an aggressive biological behaviour. Two patients showed association with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. It is difficult to conclude whether these tumours are de novo occurrences or were a result of a complete replacement of a previously existing condition after a change in histologic character.