动态增强CT扫描评价子宫与子宫肌瘤栓塞前后血流变化

目的评价子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对阻断肌瘤血流效果情况。方法选择16例单发症状性子宫肌瘤患者接受UAE治疗,栓塞术前、术后7天、术后3个月进行同层动态增强CT扫描,测出肌瘤与子宫兴趣区(ROI)的CT值,并进行前后对比分析。结果16例患者均顺利完成动态增强CT扫描,栓塞术前、术后7天、术后3个月子宫组织动态增强时间-密度曲线及CT值无明显改变(P>0.05),而肌瘤则有明显变化(P<0.05),处于持续性缺血状态。结论子宫动脉栓塞术治疗能持续阻断子宫肌瘤的血流而子宫组织血流基本不受影响,同层动态CT扫描可用来评价子宫肌瘤栓塞前后血流变化情况。     

The development of pelvic organ prolapse following isolated Burch retropubic urethropexy

The purpose of our study was to examine the incidence of prolapse in a group of women who had had an isolated Tanagho modification of the Burch colposuspension performed without significant pelvic organ prolapse preoperatively. Sixty women were identified who underwent an isolated Burch procedure for genuine stress incontinence between 1991 and 1999. Thirty-four women returned for postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) staging evaluation. Overall, 6 (17.6%) had stage II anterior prolapse. Eleven (32.4%) had stage II posterior prolapse. Three (8.8%) had stage II uterine prolapse. None of these patients with identified support defects was symptomatic. Two patients had subsequently undergone vaginal hysterectomy. One had this performed for dysfunctional uterine bleeding 3 years after her Burch procedure. One patient developed symptomatic uterine prolapse and underwent a vaginal hysterectomy 5 months after her Burch procedure. The majority of patients undergoing an isolated Tanagho modification Burch procedure without preoperative prolapse do not appear to be placed at increased risk for subsequent operative intervention.     

Surgical treatment of uterine prolapse in women with bladder exstrophy: report of two cases with modified Prolift procedure

The incidence of pelvic organ prolapse is 18% in women with bladder exstrophy. A vaginal technique to correct the prolapse may be preferable in these women with multiple abdominal operations in their histories. We have performed a modified Prolift™ procedure for the repair of severe uterine prolapse in two young women. A review of the literature is presented.     

Pelvic connective tissue resilience decreases with vaginal delivery,menopause and uterine prolapse

BACKGROUND: The late onset of pelvic visceral prolapse and incontinence after childbirth injury could be explained by menopause-associated connective tissue weakening. Uterosacral ligament resilience (UsR) was assessed to determine whether it influenced uterine or pelvic floor mobility, or varied with age, vaginal delivery, menopause or histological variations in the ligament. METHODS: UsR was measured by tensiometry in ligaments from 85 hysterectomy specimens, and was correlated with the presence of symptomatic uterocervical prolapse, prehysterectomy uterine and anorectal mobility, patient age, history of vaginal delivery and menopause. Forty-five of these ligaments were examined for ligament thickness, muscle to collagen ratio, and oestrogen and progesterone receptor density. The results were correlated with UsR. RESULTS: UsR was significantly reduced (P = 0.02) in symptomatic uterovaginal prolapse, but there was no correlation with either uterocervical or anorectal descent in women without symptomatic prolapse. There was a significant decrease in UsR with vaginal delivery (P = 0.003), menopause (P = 0.009) and older age (P = 0.005). The uterosacral ligament was significantly thinner and contained fewer oestrogen and progesterone receptors after menopause, but this did not affect UsR. CONCLUSION: Where pelvic floor muscles are weakened, decreases in pelvic connective tissue resilience related to the menopause may facilitate progression to symptomatic pelvic visceral prolapse.     

The Manchester procedure versus vaginal hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine prolapse: a review

Introduction and hypothesis

Uterine prolapse is a common health problem and the number of surgical procedures is increasing. No consensus regarding the surgical strategy for repair of uterine prolapse exists. Vaginal hysterectomy (VH) is the preferred surgical procedure worldwide, but uterus-preserving alternatives including the Manchester procedure (MP) are available. The objective was to evaluate if VH and the MP are equally efficient treatments for uterine prolapse with regard to anatomical and symptomatic outcome, quality of life score, functional outcome, re-operation and conservative re-intervention rate, complications and operative outcomes.

Methods

We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane databases, Clinicaltrials and Clinical trials register using the MeSh terms “uterine prolapse”, “uterus prolapse”, “vaginal prolapse” “pelvic organ prolapse”, “prolapsed uterus”, “Manchester procedure” and “vaginal hysterectomy”. No limitations regarding language, study design or methodology were applied. In total, nine studies published from 1966 to 2014 comparing the MP to VH were included.

Results

The anatomical recurrence rate for the middle compartment was 4–7 % after VH, whereas recurrence was very rare after the MP. The re-operation rate because of symptomatic recurrence was higher after VH (9–13.1 %) compared with MP (3.3–9.5 %) and more patients needed conservative re-intervention (14–15 %) than after MP (10–11 %). After VH, postoperative bleeding and blood loss tended to be greater, bladder lesions and infections more frequent and the operating time longer.

Conclusions

This review is in favour of the MP, which seems to be an efficient and safe treatment for uterine prolapse. We suggest that the MP might be considered a durable alternative to VH in uterine prolapse repair.

     

腹腔镜下子宫腹壁悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下子宫腹壁悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2015-01-2019-05间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的76例要求保留子宫的子宫脱垂患者的临床资料,其中研究组40例行腹腔镜下子宫腹壁悬吊术,对照组36例行腹腔镜下子宫骶骨岬悬吊术.对2组患者的手术情况及治疗效果进行比较分析.结果 研究组手术时间...     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗症状性肌壁间子宫肌瘤的疗效及对卵巢功能的影响

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗症状性肌壁间子宫肌瘤的疗效及对卵巢功能的影响。方法 2007年2月～2010年6月对40例症状性肌壁间子宫肌瘤经皮右侧股动脉穿刺,插入导管选择进入子宫动脉,利用聚乙烯醇颗粒行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术。比较术前及术后3、6个月血红蛋白、FSH、LH、E2和肌瘤体积。结果栓塞成功率100%,术后6个月血红蛋白(102.1±9.8)g/L,显著高于术前(75.4±9.7)g/L及术后3个月(80.2±7.6)g/L(q=18.577,P<0.05;q=15.237,P<0.05);术后6个月肌瘤体积(54.7±19.8)cm3,显著小于术前(100.6±20.2)cm3及术后3个月(92.2±16.6)cm3(q=15.331,P<0.05;q=12.525,P<0.05);术后3个月血红蛋白和肌瘤体积与术前相比无统计学差异(q=3.340,P>0.05;q=2.806,P>0.05)。FSH术后3个月(6.09±1.32)IU/ml,显著高于术前(5.15±1.13)IU/ml及术后6个月(5.24±1.07)IU/ml(q=5.046,P<0.05;q=4.563,P<0.05);LH术前(7.12±1.01)IU/ml,术后3、6个月分别为(6.93±0.98)、(7.23±0.99)IU/ml,无统计学差异(F=0.93,P=0.396);E2术后3、6个月分别为(270.40±26.60)、(284.20±28.46)pg/ml,显著低于术前(298.60±39.42)pg/ml(q=5.574,P<0.05;q=2.846,P<0.05)。结论 UAE治疗症状性肌壁间子宫肌瘤能有效改善贫血,缩小肌瘤体积,但对术后卵巢近期功能产生一定影响。     

超选择子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的体会

目的探讨超选择子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的效果和经验。方法186例子宫肌瘤患者，经导管超选择子宫动脉栓塞。结果371条子宫动脉行超选，8条未成功，成功率为97．9％。治疗后6个月复查：肌瘤完全消失9例；肌瘤缩小50％以上的有145例；肌瘤缩小50％以内的有29例；3例肌瘤无变化、3例出现严重并发症。结论超选择子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤是一种微创的、有效的方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌症(附24例报告)

目的评价子宫动脉栓塞(uterine arterial embolization,UAE)治疗子宫平滑肌瘤和子宫腺肌症的疗效. 方法22例子宫肌瘤和2例子宫腺肌症行双侧子宫动脉栓塞23例,单侧1例,栓塞剂为PVA微球. 结果子宫动脉栓塞成功率为95.8%(23/24),未发生严重并发症.术后6个月子宫体积及肌瘤体积与栓塞前比较均显著缩小(t=2.391,3.990;P=0.022,0.000).1例子宫动脉单侧栓塞术后肌瘤逐渐长大,行子宫切除术.2例子宫腺肌症术后痛经、月经过多症状减轻,但术后4个月复发. 结论 UAE治疗子宫肌瘤微创,安全,疗效满意,但远期疗效尚待观察.对子宫腺肌症疗效不满意.     

Laparoscopic hysteropexy: a novel technique for uterine preservation surgery

Introduction

In recent years uterine preservation surgery for pelvic organ prolapse has become more popular. Traditional operations such as vaginal hysterectomy do not address the underlying pathophysiology of poor connective tissue support, which may result in a higher incidence of recurrent prolapse.

Methods

This video article demonstrates uterine preservation surgery for women with uterine prolapse using laparoscopic abdominal Prolene mesh.

Conclusions

This procedure, apart from possible preservation of fertility in younger women, provides strong apical support, which should be long lasting. The other advantages of laparoscopic surgery are quicker recovery, less pain and better cosmesis.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗术(UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用。方法对46例子宫肌瘤患者进行子宫动脉栓塞治疗,观察术后反应和症状变化,术后3、6、12个月进行随访分析疗效。结果造影显示双侧子宫动脉供血17例(占37%),一侧供血为主24例(占52%),单纯一侧供血5例(占11%)。肿瘤平均缩小率:3个月34%,6个月48%,12个月56%,其中5例肌瘤消失。46例患者临床症状均有不同程度改善,无严重并发症。结论子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法。     

彩色多普勒超声评价子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤疗效的临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声评价子宫动脉栓塞(uterine artery embolization, UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤临床效果的价值.方法有症状的子宫肌瘤23例,于栓塞术前和栓塞术后1～7 d、1～3个月、6～12个月,经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,测量子宫和肌瘤的大小、肌瘤中心和周边动脉及子宫动脉的阻力指数(RI).结果栓塞术后1～7 d观察21例,7例子宫体积较术前增大10%(4%～ 63%),其余14例子宫体积缩小21%(1%～67%),肌瘤体积缩小24%(1%～56%);术后1～3个月观察21例,子宫和肌瘤体积分别缩小53%(24%～82%)和47%(6%～88%);术后6～12个月观察19例,子宫和肌瘤体积分别缩小66%(5%～91%)和71%(32%～99%).栓塞术后,肌瘤中心及周边血管明显减少或消失,栓塞术前后各期子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)的变化无统计学差异(F＝0.47, P=0.70).术后1年患者症状改善率达87%(20/23).结论子宫动脉栓塞治疗部分有症状的子宫肌瘤是安全和有效的,彩色多普勒超声可通过观察手术前后子宫肌瘤体积和子宫血流动力学变化评价UAE的疗效.     

盆腔器官脱垂治疗意外发现子宫恶性肿瘤的临床分析

盆腔器官脱垂治疗中意外发现子宫恶性肿瘤很少见,容易漏诊和救治不及时。本文回顾分析了北京协和医院2012年3月至2019年6月及北京天坛普华医院2018年12月至2019年6月期间从900例因盆腔器官脱垂行全子宫切除的患者中发现的4例子宫内膜癌及子宫内膜间质肉瘤病例,总结其一般情况、手术情况、随访情况,并结合国内外相关文献分析其特点。结果发现这4例患者分别为围绝经期阴道出血女性诊刮漏诊子宫内膜癌1例、绝经后无症状女性子宫内膜增厚诊刮漏诊子宫内膜间质肉瘤1例、不能根据现有诊疗规范完全避免的漏诊子宫内膜癌2例。由此可见盆腔器官脱垂治疗过程中根据现有的临床手段及诊断流程不能完全避免漏诊子宫恶性肿瘤,甚至无法通过目前的诊断方法来改善,因此对于盆腔器官脱垂选择保留子宫的手术病人应特别谨慎。     

Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse and uterine descent in the Netherlands

Introduction and hypothesis

To evaluate current practice in the surgical treatment of uterine descent among members of the Dutch Urogynecological Society and to analyze possible trends in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in the Netherlands during the last decade.

Methods

A questionnaire, including case scenarios, was sent to the members of the Dutch Urogynecological Society. Using a nationwide registry from the Netherlands, we assessed the number and type of surgical procedures performed for pelvic organ prolapse between 1997 and 2009.

Results

The response rate was 73%, with 161 questionnaires completed. Vaginal hysterectomy, sacrospinous hysteropexy, and the Manchester Fothergill procedure were the most frequently performed surgical interventions for uterine descent. In the case of lower stage uterine descent, uterus preservation was preferred, but in the case of higher stage there was wide variation. Two thirds of the respondents stated that in recent years they tended to save the uterus more often. The registered number of hospital admissions for uterine descent increased by 30% between 1997 and 2009 and the number of surgical procedures almost doubled. The number of vaginal hysterectomies performed because of uterine descent increased by only 15% in this period.

Conclusions

In the Netherlands, surgical policy in the case of uterine descent is very variable, with no clear preference for either hysterectomy or uterus preservation. There was a high increase in hospital admissions and pelvic organ prolapse procedures in the last decade. The number of vaginal hysterectomies performed because of uterine descent did not follow this change, which reflects a trend toward preserving the uterus.     

Concomitant pelvic organ prolapse surgery with TVT procedure

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of concomitant pelvic reconstructive surgery with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure to treat pelvic organ prolapse women with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) or occult USI. Seventy-five women with pelvic organ prolapse and diagnosed as USI or occult USI were enrolled in this study. All patients with USI or occult USI underwent TVT treatment under general anesthesia, combined with transvaginal total hysterectomy (VTH), anterior–posterior colporrhaphy (APC), and/or right sacrospinous ligament suspension (SSS) reconstructive surgeries. The subjective assessment was evaluated by using a visual analog scale (VAS) score and a urinary symptomatic questionnaire. The objective assessment was carried out with a 1-h pad test, cough stress test, and urodynamic examination. Of the 75 patients, 35 patients with grade III uterine prolapse underwent VTH and APC, 30 patients with grade IV uterine prolapse underwent VTH, SSS, and APC, and the other 10 patients who had previous hysterectomy with total vaginal vault prolapse underwent SSS and APC. The mean follow-up interval was 25 months (12–42 months). The mean hospitalization was 5.9 days and the mean catheterization time was 3.8 days. The subjective success rate for the treatment of urine incontinence was 88%, and the objective complete cure rate was 84%. The rate of postoperative complications with persistent urinary urgency, de novo detrusor overactivity, dysfunctional voiding, and tape erosion were 50, 8, 12, and 1.3%, respectively. There were no bladder perforations during the TVT procedure and no perioperative complications requiring conversion to laparotomy. Pelvic organ prolapse women with USI or occult USI can be treated by reconstructive surgeries combined with a TVT procedure to treat and prevent postoperative USI.     

Complete bladder eversion concurrent with total uterine prolapse

Complete eversion of the urinary bladder is rare, and a case with concurrent total uterine prolapse is an extremely rare problem. A 75-year-old multiparous, postmenopausal female presented with two huge masses protruding from the vagina. Total transurethral eversion and concurrent uterine procidentia were noted. Manual reduction of the bladder, vaginal hysterectomy, suprapubic cystostomy, and urethral closure were performed under general anesthesia. The neck of the bladder was reinforced with retropubic prolene mesh to prevent recurrence. The patient was well, with no eversion, prolapse of bladder, or other pelvic organ prolapse at 6 months follow-up.     

Analysis of type I collagen in the parametrium of women with and without uterine prolapse,according to hormonal status

The content and quality of type I collagen in the parametrium of women with and without uterine prolapse was evaluated. Forty-four consecutive patients were selected and divided into two groups: A, 21 women without uterine prolapse, and B, 23 with uterine prolapse. Patients in group A had uterine leiomyoma and were submitted to abdominal hysterectomy; in those from group B, vaginal hysterectomy was performed for correction of the uterine prolapse. During surgery, fragments of the parametrium were removed and processed for immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antibodies for type I collagen . A system of computerized digital imaging analysis was used for the quantification of collagen fibers. There was no difference between collagen content in patients either with or without prolapse, nor between pre- and postmenopausal women with prolapse. A modification of the quality of the collagen fiber was observed, it being longer and more compact in the group without uterine prolapse. In contrast, in the group with prolapse, the fibers were shorter and thinner and areas with large spaces between fibers were found at several points of the parametrium. The conclusion was that patients with uterine prolapse have the same type I collagen content as those without, but the quality of the fiber is modified. The hormonal status also did not affect collagen content.Editorial Comment: It is widely accepted that the etiology of pelvic organ prolapse is multifactorial, and that multiparity and menopausal status are two of the most important factors that influence the development of pelvic support defects. As the authors note, however, it is currently impossible to accurately predict which patients will ultimately suffer from prolapse. The authors of this paper report on the collagen content and quality of parametrial tissue from women with and without uterine prolapse. Although they found no difference in quantity of collagen between groups (prolapse vs. no prolapse, menopausal vs. premenopausal), they did demonstrate significant changes in the quality of the collagen structure, with shorter and thinner fibers evident in those women with uterine prolapse. Although it would be premature to assume a causal relationship between the collagen changes and the development of prolapse, this finding is intriguing in that analysis of collagen may one day assist physicians in counseling patients regarding such events as delivery mode and prognosis for recurrent prolapse after reconstructive pelvic surgery.     

高温高压处理的明胶海绵颗粒在子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞术中的应用研究

目的评价高温高压处理的明胶海绵颗粒作为栓塞剂行子宫动脉栓塞术的安全性和有效性。方法自行制备高温高压处理的明胶海绵颗粒混悬液作为栓塞剂,动脉内栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤患者253例,观察其安全性、临床疗效和肌瘤变化。结果所有病例经3～36个月随访,临床症状改善率:术后4个月为93.28%、12个月为98.81%;术后肌瘤平均缩小率:6个月为58.32%、12个月为64.93%.6例(2.37%)患者随访期内发生闭经。结论单独应用高温高压处理的明胶海绵颗粒作为栓塞剂治疗子宫肌瘤经济简便、安全有效。     

Obstructive uropathy by total uterine prolapse leading to end-stage renal disease

A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency room complaining of general weakness and anorexia that started 20 days earlier. She denied other underlying diseases that might have provoked chronic renal disease. Her serum creatinine was 12.35 mg/dL. A pelvic examination and computed tomography revealed severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with marked cortical thinning induced by total uterine prolapse. She was started on emergency hemodialysis due to her uremic symptoms and severe metabolic acidosis. Despite Foley catheter insertion and manual reduction of uterus for 1 month, renal function was not recovered. The department of gynecology was strongly opposed to performing a procedure to reverse the hydroureteronephrosis due to the irreversibility of her renal function. She is undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis. This is a case report of rare end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by obstructive uropathy due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We should consider POP as a cause of ESRD.     

Fibroid-induced acute urinary retention: treatment by uterine artery embolization

A 39-year-old gravida 2 para 2 woman presented to our Hospital’s Emergency Department with complaints of difficulty voiding. She had an enlarged leiomyomatous uterus, for which she was not receiving any current treatment. A Foley catheter placed yielded 1,500 cc of clear yellow urine; however, the patient remained Foley-dependent for 2 weeks until she underwent uterine artery embolization (UAE). Twenty-four hours afterwards, the Foley catheter was removed and the patient spontaneously voided with negligible post-void residual. There was no recurrence of urinary retention or development of any other urinary symptoms during the outpatient follow-up period. Repeat pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 week after UAE showed negligible reduction in the size of the fibroids and uterus in comparison with a pre-procedure MRI. The Vascular Steal Theory, first presented in this paper, discusses this improvement in symptoms without significant change in size. Work is attributable to the Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.