上颌窦筛窦骨化纤维瘤1例

患者 ,女 ,32岁。因左眼球突出伴头痛 7个月 ,于 2 0 0 3年 11月 12日入院。无鼻塞及涕中带血 ,无发热等不适。体检 :浅表淋巴结无肿大 ,血常规正常。左鼻背有一 6cm长手术瘢痕 ,中鼻甲息肉样变。左眼球向前外突出 ,活动自如。眶内下可触及一 1.0cm× 1.2cm大的骨性隆起。左眼视力 0 .4 ,视神经乳头水肿。鼻窦CT提示左上颌窦筛窦可见3.5cm× 4 .8cm× 5 .5cm大的骨性密度影 ,其内密度不均匀 ,周围骨质受压无破坏 ,向左侧上颌窦内壁及眶内球形隆起 ,视神经受压。入院诊断 :左上颌窦筛窦骨性肿瘤。于 2 0 0 3年 11月 17日在全身麻醉下行左鼻…     

筛窦巨大骨瘤1例报告

病人,女,53岁,以鼻塞、流脓涕伴头痛20年于2005年3月10日入院。专科检查:双鼻道见少许黏脓涕,双中鼻道见灰白半透明息肉,双侧筛窦、上颌窦区压痛。鼻窦冠状位CT扫描见双侧额窦、上颌窦、筛窦及左侧蝶窦内软组织影,提示有慢性炎症,左侧筛窦内高密度影(图1)。术前诊断:慢性鼻窦炎(Ⅱ型2期)、左筛窦骨瘤。3月12日全麻鼻内镜下行双侧鼻息肉摘除、上颌窦自然口扩大、左筛窦骨瘤摘除及左蝶窦口开放术。术中出血量少,骨瘤长于左侧筛窦内壁,约1.5 cm×1.0 cm×1.0 cm大小,与眶纸样板无粘连,眶纸样板受压变薄,无骨壁缺损,筛窦及上颌窦腔内少量息肉样…     

上颌窦胆脂瘤1例

患者,女,16岁,主因左侧鼻塞、脓涕、头痛20 d,伴左侧面颊部红肿,左侧上列牙痛入院.查体:鼻黏膜充血,鼻腔外侧壁内移,中鼻道脓性分泌物,无眼球移位,无复视,左面颊部红肿,压痛明显.鼻窦CT示:左侧上颌窦密度增高,上颌窦外侧壁骨质破坏,右侧上颌窦黏膜轻度肥厚,筛窦、蝶窦及额窦未见异常(图1).     

鼻窦内巨大结石1例

患者 ,女 ,48岁。左鼻流粘脓涕伴嗅觉减退 5年余 ,经常性头胀痛 ,近 3个月经常流血性涕。给用呋麻滴鼻剂及抗生素治疗无效 ,于 2 0 0 1年 1月 8日来院就诊。检查 :左中鼻道处有灰褐色赘生物 ,触之质地稍硬 ,粗糙感 ,不易出血 ,表面覆有伪膜及粘涕。鼻道稍狭窄 ,鼻中隔轻度左偏曲。鼻窦 CT:左侧上颌窦及筛窦内见稍高密度影 ,左侧筛板相当于中上鼻甲区域见一高密度骨化影。 X线摄片拟诊 :左侧上颌窦、筛窦炎症 ,鼻结石可能。诊断 :左侧上颌窦、筛窦炎症 ,鼻结石。2 0 0 1年 1月 1 8日 ,行局麻加强化麻醉 ,在鼻内窦镜下手术取石。术中见中鼻…     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗后组筛窦结石1例

患者 ,男 ,58岁。因右鼻塞流脓涕 1 0余年、右耳听力下降半个月入院。自发病以来右侧鼻塞 ,流脓涕 ,多次治疗无效。半个月前出现右耳闭塞感 ,听力下降 ,曾 2次行鼓膜置管术 ,疗效不佳。专科检查 :右侧中鼻甲肥大 ,中鼻道可见脓性分泌物。右耳鼓膜内陷 ,呈琥珀色 ,内有液平面。鼻咽部粘膜光滑 ,未见新生物。CT示右侧后组筛窦高密度影。在局麻下行鼻腔内窥镜手术 ,于右侧后组筛窦取出 2个结石 ,大小为 1 .0 cm× 0 .8cm× 0 .1 cm,0 .5cm× 0 .3cm× 0 .2 cm,吸尽粘脓性分泌物 ,开放筛窦。 1周后鼻塞和听力下降改善出院。病理报告为钙化物。1…     

内镜鼻窦手术蝶腭神经节阻滞麻醉致动眼神经麻痹一例

患者男 ,17岁 ,因鼻塞、脓涕 1年余 ,右侧加重 3个月 ,行上颌窦穿刺术 ,有较多脓液。于 2 0 0 2年 1月 2 8日入院。入院查体 :一般情况好 ,心肺及神经系统检查无异常。专科情况 :鼻道有少量脓性分泌物 ,右侧中鼻道前端息肉。鼻窦冠状位ＣＴ显示 :双侧中鼻道软组织阴影阻塞 ,双侧上颌窦充满低密度影 ,诊断 :慢性上颌窦炎 (双侧 ) ,鼻息肉 (右侧 ) ,按海口标准[1] 为 2型 1期。于 2 0 0 2年 1月 3 1日在局部麻醉下行鼻窦内镜手术 ,术前 3 0ｍｉｎ肌内注射盐酸哌替啶 5 0ｍｇ及盐酸异丙嗪 2 5ｍｇ。 1%的卡因 2 0ｍｌ内加肾上腺素适量 ,浸棉片…     

鼻内镜术并发眶内巨大气肿1例

患者 ,男 ,47岁。因进行性双侧鼻阻塞伴流黏稠涕 5年于 2 0 0 2年 1 1月 2日入院。入院诊断“慢性鼻窦炎 ;鼻息肉 ,Ⅱ型Ⅲ期”。鼻内镜检查 :双侧鼻腔黏膜呈慢性充血状 ,鼻中隔居中 ,双侧下鼻甲形态正常 ,中鼻道内可见荔枝肉样新生物生长 ,总鼻道内可见脓性分泌物。鼻窦CT冠状位示 :双侧前中组筛窦、上颌窦黏膜增厚 ,窦腔缩小 ,双侧鼻腔可见软组织密度增高影。入院后行各项常规辅助检查未见异常。于局麻下行鼻内镜下双侧筛窦、上颌窦开放 ,息肉摘除术。手术采取Messerklinger术式 ,切除双侧钩突 ,开放双侧前中组筛窦 ,见双前中组筛窦内黏…     

眶纸板畸形与手术损伤一例

在鼻内镜手术中要时刻警惕避免眶纸板损伤。眶纸板畸形时 ,眶纸板及眶内容物突入筛窦 ,筛窦手术时极易发生眶纸板损伤。对无外伤史的患者 ,要特别注意是否有该畸形的存在。现报道一例双侧纸板畸形的典型CT片改变和手术中遇到的问题。患者男 ,4 8岁。因鼻塞、脓涕、头痛 3年 ,于 2 0 0 3年 2月2 0日入院。既往无外伤史。检查 :头颅颜面无畸形。鼻腔检查 :双侧中鼻道有灰白色水肿样息肉。鼻窦冠状位CT片 :双侧筛窦、上颌窦右鼻腔中上部、左鼻腔全部为鼻息肉阻塞 ,密度增高 ,筛窦狭窄 (图 1)。当时未认识到有眶纸板畸形的存在。于 2 3日在鼻…     

左鼻腔上颌窦类癌1例

患者女，61岁。因反复左侧鼻塞、流脓涕0．5年，加重件左面颊麻木、滥泪1个月，于1997年2月11日入院．体检：左眼下区可触及2．5cm×2．5cm肿物，质中等，不活动，边界欠清楚，有轻度压痛。外鼻无畸形，左鼻腔完全被结节状肿物堵塞。肿物呈灰白色，表面不光滑，质脆，易出血，鼻腔内有大量脓性分泌物。右恻鼻腔正常。胸片未见异常。腹部B超光异常发现．CT示左上颌窦肿瘤，最大层面为5．0cm×5．3cm，密度不均，增强后呈不规则点、条状强化及不完整包股，左上颌窦前壁、内侧壁及后外侧壁骨质呈不规则破坏，肿瘤突入左侧鼻腔和左筛窦。CT诊…     

筛窦眼眶裂头蚴病一例

患者女 ,5 7岁。左眼异物感 ,“眼红”反复发作 2年 ,曾经诊断为“结膜炎” ,在当地医院反复治疗 ,用药后好转。入院前半年时有头痛、鼻堵、脓涕 ,但无涕血、眩晕耳鸣等症状。于 2 0 0 0年 12月 18日收入院。检查 :一般情况好。外鼻无畸形 ,双鼻腔通气尚可 ,中鼻道有黏脓性分泌物 ,中隔不偏曲 ,鼻腔鼻咽无新生物。双眼视力 5 0 ,无复视。右内、外眼未见异常。左眼球微突出 ,球结膜微充血水肿。其余屈光介质及眼底未见异常。血、尿常规 ,胸部摄片 ,肝、肾功能均正常。鼻窦眼眶ＣＴ示“左侧筛窦、眶内占位性病变 ,眶骨纸板破坏。双上颌窦黏膜…     

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.     

鼻窦内窥镜下鼻腔鼻窦手术

目的探讨鼻窦内窥镜技术在外科治疗鼻腔鼻窦疾病上的可行性.方法经由鼻窦镜治疗鼻窦炎,鼻息肉,鼻中隔偏曲,肥厚型鼻炎,上颌窦囊肿,上颌窦出血坏死性息肉,鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,顽固性鼻出血,早期鼻中隔鳞癌等236例.结果236例均顺利完成手术.鼻窦炎、鼻息肉130例中随访97例 ,治愈好转86例;鼻中隔偏曲72例次,治愈率达97%;肥厚型鼻炎52例次,1次治愈率达95% ;鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤及出血坏死性息肉8例,上颌窦囊肿5例,顽固性鼻出血3例,早期鼻中隔鳞癌1例,均顺利完成手术,随访2～3年均未见复发.结论鼻窦内窥镜下鼻腔鼻窦手术可用于包括早期局限性鼻腔恶性肿瘤在内的各种鼻腔鼻窦疾病.     

Endoscopic sinus surgery for benign and malignant nasal and sinus neoplasm

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endoscopic sinus surgery has become widely accepted as the standard of treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses unresponsive to medical treatment. With increased skill with endoscopic surgical technique, advanced technologies such as intraoperative imaging systems, and a better understanding of the complex anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and surrounding vital structures, many otolaryngologists have increasingly applied their expertise in endoscopic sinus surgery to the resection of nasal and sinus neoplasms. The following represents a review of the recent literature on the latest trends regarding endoscopic resection of nasal and paranasal sinus neoplasms. RECENT FINDINGS: There has been an increasing popularity in the removal of nasal and paranasal sinus neoplasms through an endoscopic approach. In the recent literature, emphasis has been on the endoscopic surgery of benign tumors, especially inverted papilloma and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Other benign neoplasms have also been reported, but only in small case reports. There have been a few recent reports supporting endoscopic removal of malignant neoplasms as well. However, the follow-up is too short and study groups too small to make definitive conclusions. SUMMARY: In the hand of experienced and skilled surgeons, complete endoscopic removal is attainable in most cases. Especially for the more common benign neoplasms, such as inverted papilloma and early stage angiofibroma. En bloc resection is not necessary to achieve oncologic cure. However, several factors have to be considered before selection of this surgical approach. Large tumor size, intracranial or orbital extension, and extensive frontal or infratemporal fossa involvement are relative, but not absolute limitations.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分别为９２．９％和８０．４％（随访６个月时）。回顾性观察５１例施ＣａｌｄｗｅｌＬｕｃ术的患者，下鼻道造口的术后开放率仅为４０．６％。分析３８张单侧鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的鼻窦ＣＴ片，测量对照侧与病变侧的上颌窦口膜样部的上下径和前后径，差异无显著性。病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论鼻内窥镜下处理上颌窦自然开口的关键是窦口周围的解剖异常因素。     

Enophthalmos following radical operation of the maxillary sinus and ethmoidal sinus]

Enophthalmos is usually a consequence of orbital trauma resulting in a blowout fracture of the orbital floor. We report here the case of a 35-year-old male who had a radical operation of the maxillary sinus and the ethmoidal sinus, and 2 months after the operation, developed spontaneous enophthalmos and ocular pain. The left orbit was enophthalmic by 5mm according to Hertel enophthalmometry. Surgical correction was performed under general anesthesia. The left orbit was explored through a transcutaneous incision of the left lower lid which revealed marked periosteal adhesions and absence of the bony floor of the orbit. A rib cartilage graft was used to reconstruct the floor of the orbit, and the globe was brought forward by means of retrobulbar placement. Enophthalmos and ocular pain disappeared postoperatively.     

鼻内镜手术中上颌窦口的识别与处理

鼻内镜鼻窦手术的关键是处理窦口鼻道复合体，建立与恢复以窦口鼻道复合体为中心的各组鼻窦通气引流通道。要提高手术成功率，上颌窦口需要保持长期通畅。由于上颌窦口位置变异较多，特别是严重炎症、息肉增生等，有时寻找上颌窦口并非易事。现将我们识别与处理上颌窦口的经验报告如下。     

Nasal and sinus endoscopy

One of the most revolutionary changes seen in Rhinology in the recent past is the introduction of the telescope to visulaize hidden areas of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus and the management of the recurring sinus disease. Narrow and stenotic areas in the anterior ethmoid specially in the infundibulum where frontal and maxillary sinuses drain are the important areas for the detection and cure of infection of the anterior group of the paranasal sinuses. One must clearly understand surgical anatomy of the middle meatus and the ethmoids before resorting to nasal and sinus endoscopic procedures.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎，鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法 配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎，鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果 窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分分别为９２．９％和８０．４％。