术前连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量及术后谵妄的影响

目的 探讨术前超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量及术后谵妄的影响。
方法 选择老年髋部骨折患者121例,男55例,女66例,年龄65~90岁, BMI 18.5~25.0 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组：超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组（F组,n=61）和对照组（C组,n=60）。F组于入院后给予经超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞,C组常规术前处理。两组采用相同的椎管内麻醉方案实施侧入路股骨头置换术,术后采用相同的术后镇痛方案。采用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估入院后基础认知状态;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估入院前1个月整体睡眠质量。记录入院时（T1）、髂筋膜间隙阻滞后30 min（C组为入院后相同时间点）（T2）、入室时（T3）、摆放体位时（T4）的疼痛数字评分（NRS）。记录术前及术后7 d每天的里兹睡眠问卷（LSEQ）评分,记录术后7 d内谵妄的发生情况及术后住院时间。记录术后恶心、呕吐、日间嗜睡等不良反应的发生情况。
结果 与C组比较,F组T2—T4时NRS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,术前及术后1~3 d LSEQ评分明显升高（P<0.05）,术后7 d内谵妄发生率明显降低(P<0.05),谵妄持续时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05),日间嗜睡发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。
结论 术前超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞可改善老年髋部骨折患者围术期睡眠质量,降低术后谵妄发生率及缩短谵妄持续时间。     

脊神经后支阻滞在老年人腰椎后路椎间融合术多模式镇痛方案中的应用

目的 探讨联合罗哌卡因脊神经后支阻滞多模式镇痛方案在老年人后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)围手术期镇痛中的应用。方法 行PLIF的老年患者(年龄 ≥ 65岁)60例,随机分为对照组(A组,n=20)、常规多模式镇痛组(B组,n=20)和脊神经后支阻滞多模式镇痛组(C组,n=20),记录3组患者术前6 h及术后6、12、24、48、72 h及1周时疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,术后1、3、7 d及出院时的运动阻滞(Bromage)评分;统计不良反应发生率和额外使用镇痛药物的例数。结果 术前6 h,VAS评分B、C组低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6、12、24 h,C组低于A、B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后48 h,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后72 h及1周,B、C组低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 d,Bromage评分C组低于A、B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、7 d及出院时,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B、C组不良反应发生率低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);额外使用镇痛药物例数C组 < B组 < A组,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 联合应用罗哌卡因脊神经后支阻滞的多模式镇痛方案能有效缓解老年人PLIF围手术期疼痛,且不影响运动功能。     

腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞联合经静脉患者自控镇痛在老年髋关节置换术后的应用

目的：比较经静脉患者自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)与腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞联合PCIA在老年髋关节置换术后的应用效果。方法：2019年6月至2021年6月84例老年患者接受髋关节置换术,其中42例以PCIA镇痛作为对照组,男18例,女24例;年龄60~78(70.43±3.67)岁;股骨颈骨折28例,股骨头坏死14例;另42例以腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞联合PCIA镇痛作为研究组,男20例,女22例;年龄61~76(69.68±3.74)岁;股骨颈骨折25例,股骨头坏死17例。分别于术后2、6、12、24、48 h进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Ramesay镇静评分。观察比较两组术后48 h的舒芬太尼总消耗量、PCIA总按压次数、术后首次下地时间、住院时间、不良反应发生率、镇痛满意度等随访结果。结果：两组术后随访9~24(13.85±2.67)个月。两组手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。两组术后2 h的VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),研究组术后6、12、24、48 h的VAS均低于对照组(P＜0.05)。研究组术后2、6、12 h的Ramesay镇静评分均高于对照组(P＜0.05),两组术后24、48 h的Ramesay评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。研究组术后48 h内舒芬太尼消耗量、PICA按压次数少于对照组(P＜0.05),术后首次下地时间早于对照组(P＜0.05)。研究组镇痛满意度高于对照组(P＜0.05)。两组住院时间、不良反应发生率、随访期间并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞联合PCIA在老年髋关节置换术后镇痛和镇静效果显著,可减少舒芬太尼使用量及PCIA总按压次数,有利于患者早期下床活动,提高镇痛满意度。     

不同方式超声引导连续髂筋膜阻滞在髋关节置换术后镇痛效果

目的 对两种不同方式超声引导连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换术后镇痛效果进行评价。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入新疆医科大学第六附属医院于2016年3月至2017年10月收治的腰-硬联合阻滞麻醉下人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）术后病人60例,男29例,女31例,年龄为65~83岁,平均（66.78±9.32）岁。按照数字随机法分为：①腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞组（上髂筋膜组）30例,男17例,女13例,年龄为65~84岁,平均（66.13±9.16）岁;②腹股沟韧带下髂筋膜阻滞组（下髂筋膜组）30例,男12例,女18例,年龄为65~82岁,平均（65.80±8.13）岁。在超声引导下行髂筋膜连续神经阻滞后镇痛,设置两组镇痛泵的局部麻醉药物均为0.2%的罗哌卡因200 ml,负荷量20 ml,置管成功后注入,背景量为0。病人自控镇痛（patient controlled analgesia, PCA）10 ml/次,锁定时间为1 h。对病人的静息疼痛、持续性被动疼痛和主观性疼痛等疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分进行记录,对病人的阻滞效果、曲马多用量以及病人满意度进行评价。结果 上髂筋膜组的手术时间为（70.4±12.1） min,下髂筋膜组为（70.8±10.3） min,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。在静息状态、主被动VAS评分方面,上髂筋膜组均优于下髂筋膜组;上髂筋膜组病人阻滞后各时间点股外侧皮神经支配区的感觉阻滞程度和曲马多使用量优于下髂筋膜组,以上指标比较,两组差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组病人阻滞后各时间点股神经阻滞率和术后镇痛满意度比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 THA术后采用超声引导下浓度为0.2%罗哌卡因,在THA术后镇痛效果上,腹股沟韧带上连续髂筋膜阻滞明显优于腹股沟韧带下连续髂筋膜神经阻滞。     

氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年病人全髋关节置换术后镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法 选取2019年6月至2020年2月在襄阳市第一人民医院行单侧全髋关节置换术的病人90例,随机分为R组（罗哌卡因+肌注生理盐水组）、H组（罗哌卡因、氢吗啡酮+肌注生理盐水组）和RH组（罗哌卡因+肌注氢吗啡酮组）。三组术前30 min均在超声引导下行髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞,R组在髂筋膜间隙阻滞用药为0.35%罗哌卡因40 mL,骶丛神经阻滞用药为0.4%罗哌卡因20 mL,随后臀大肌肌注生理盐水2 mL;H组在髂筋膜间隙阻滞用药为0.35%罗哌卡因+10 mg/kg氢吗啡酮共40 mL,骶丛神经阻滞用药为0.4%罗哌卡因+10 mg/kg氢吗啡酮共20 mL,随后臀大肌肌注生理盐水2 mL;RH组在髂筋膜间隙阻滞用药为0.35%罗哌卡因40 mL,骶丛神经阻滞用药为0.4%罗哌卡因20 mL,随后臀大肌肌注氢吗啡酮2 mL。待神经阻滞起效后行喉罩全麻。观察记录各组神经阻滞起效及维持时间,术后6、12、24、48 h静息及运动状态下的疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分、术后镇痛药的使用、恢复质量及不良反应发生情况。结果 三组神经阻滞起效时间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,H组术后神经阻滞维持时间长于R组和RH组（P均＜0.05）。H组术后6、12、24 h VAS评分低于R组和RH组（P均＜0.05）。H组术后首次按压镇痛泵晚于R组和RH组（P均＜0.05）。H组术后首次下床活动时间早于R组和RH组（P均＜0.05）。H组术后舒芬太尼用量、住院天数、恶心呕吐的发生率均少于R组和RH组（P均＜0.05）。结论 氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年全髋置换术中可以延长阻滞时间,减少阿片类药物的消耗及术后不良反应的发生率,利于病人术后康复。     

超声引导下不同入路髂筋膜间隙阻滞用于老年患者股骨近端防旋髓内针内固定术围术期镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙阻滞（S-FICB）与腹股沟韧带下髂筋膜间隙阻滞（I-FICB）在行股骨近端防旋髓内针内固定术老年患者围术期的镇痛作用。
方法 限期行股骨近端防旋髓内针内固定术的股骨粗隆间骨折患者80例,男43例,女37例,年龄65～85岁,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级,随机分为两组：S-FICB组（S组）和I-FICB组（I组）,每组40例。S组和I组分别注射0.4%罗哌卡因40 ml行S-FICB和I-FICB。记录阻滞操作时间、股神经及股外侧皮神经阻滞起效时间及阻滞效果。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息及运动时VAS疼痛评分、自控镇痛按压次数及补救镇痛情况。记录术后不良反应的发生情况。
结果 两组阻滞操作时间、股神经阻滞效果差异无统计学意义。S组股神经及股外侧皮神经阻滞起效时间明显短于I组（P<0.05）,股外侧皮神经阻滞效果明显优于I组（P<0.05）。S组术后2、6、12 h运动时VAS疼痛评分明显低于I组（P<0.05）。两组术后自控镇痛、补救镇痛及不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。
结论 与I-FICB比较,S-FICB阻滞起效更快,股外侧皮神经阻滞效果更好,患者术后变换体位时镇痛效果更好。     

髂筋膜间隙阻滞对前外侧小切口入路全髋置换术的影响

目的:比较单纯椎管内麻醉与联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞（fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB）对前外侧小切口（orthopädische chirurgie München,OCM）入路全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的影响分析。方法：2019年1月至2020年10月择期行单侧全髋关节置换术患者,分别采用椎管内麻醉复合超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞（A组30例）和单纯椎管内麻醉（B组30例）。两组患者椎管内用药成分相同,术后采用相同静脉镇痛治疗方案。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、臀中肌剥离程度、股骨大转子劈裂情况,术后髋关节疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术前及术后48 h 股四头肌及髋关节外展肌力,术后髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间48~62（54.2±4.0）周。A组患者切口长度、手术时间及术中出血量明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后24 h血红蛋白水平明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后48 h髋关节外展肌力明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者臀中肌剥离程度明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者术后8、12、24 h VAS明显低于B组（P<0.05）;A组患者术后2、8周Harris评分明显高于B组（P<0.05）。结论：超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞应用于侧卧位OCM入路THA,能明显缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、减少术中臀中肌剥离情况等髋关节周围创伤及改善患者术后早期疼痛,有利于OCM入路临床操作及患者术后快速康复。     

超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨术前行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用效果。
方法 回顾性分析择期在全身麻醉下行全髋关节置换术的老年患者98例,男40例,女58例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 16～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。根据术前是否行髂筋膜间隙阻滞分为两组：髂筋膜间隙阻滞组（F组,n=43）和对照组（C组,n=55）。根据性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、基础疾病、手术方式进行倾向评分匹配。收集手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、术中舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量、术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息和活动时NRS评分、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后48 h镇痛满意度评分、术后48 h内患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）有效按压次数以及术后48 h内PCIA舒芬太尼用量。记录术后输血、入ICU以及相关不良反应（包括肺部感染、尿路感染、心律失常、术后恶心呕吐、尿潴留、瘙痒、呼吸抑制、嗜睡）的发生情况。
结果 匹配后F组和C组各纳入患者43例。F组术中舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量明显少于C组（P＜0.05）。F组术后2、6 h静息时NRS评分以及术后2、6、12、24、48 h活动时NRS评分明显低于C组（P＜0.05）。F组首次下床活动时间、住院时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05）,F组术后48 h镇痛满意度评分明显高于C组（P＜0.05）,F组术后48 h内PCIA有效按压次数以及PCIA舒芬太尼用量明显少于C组（P＜0.05）。F组术后恶心呕吐及尿潴留的发生率明显低于C组（P＜0.05）。两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、术后12、24、48 h静息时NRS评分、术后输血、入ICU以及肺部感染、尿路感染、心律失常、术后瘙痒、嗜睡发生率差异均无统计学意义。
结论 术前行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞能为老年患者全髋关节置换术后提供良好镇痛,减少镇痛药物的使用,提高镇痛满意度,同时促进患者术后早期恢复。     

胸腰筋膜间平面阻滞对后路腰椎融合术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨超声引导下胸腰筋膜间平面（thoracolumbar interfascial plane, TLIP）阻滞对后路腰椎融合手术病人术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 前瞻性选择2017年4月至2018年5月在我院择期行后路腰椎融合手术病人50例。采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组25例,TLIP阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛（patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA）组（TLIP组）和单纯PCIA组（对照组）。TLIP组,男12例,女13例,年龄为（49.4±7.7）岁;对照组,男10例,女15例,年龄为（49.5±7.1）岁。TLIP组在全麻诱导后行超声引导下双侧TLIP阻滞,每侧注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。两组术后均使用舒芬太尼行PCIA,维持术后24 h内静息疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分≤3分。记录两组病人围手术期阿片类药物用量及补救镇痛例数,术后2、4、6、12、24 h的静息VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分,术后24 h 内恶心呕吐、头晕、瘙痒和呼吸抑制的发生情况以及TLIP组阻滞相关并发症的发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,TLIP组术中瑞芬太尼用量及术后24 h内PCIA舒芬太尼用量明显减少（P＜0.05）,术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低（P＜0.05）,两组均未行补救镇痛。两组间各时间点静息VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分,以及术后头晕、瘙痒和呼吸抑制等发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）,TLIP组未发生阻滞相关并发症。结论 超声引导下TLIP阻滞可减少后路腰椎融合术病人围术期阿片类药物用量,降低术后恶心呕吐的发生率。     

老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的危险因素分析

目的: 探讨老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的发生率及其相关危险因素为预防再次骨折提供依据。方法: 回顾分析2012年6月至2017年6月接受髋关节置换术或股骨近端髓内钉固定术治疗的65岁以上股骨颈骨折或转子间骨折452例患者的临床资料,男168例,女284例;年龄65~97(75.5±7.5)岁;股骨颈骨折191例,股骨转子间骨折261例;按照术后健侧髋部是否存在骨折,分为骨折组和无骨折组,记录两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨折类型、初次治疗方式、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后是否短期谵妄、伤前是否并存内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分。应用单因素Logostic回归分析筛选出术后健侧骨折的危险因素,再将有统计学意义的危险因素纳入多因素Logostic回归分析,筛选出老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素。结果: 452例患者中42例发生健侧髋部骨折,发生率为9.3%,两次骨折发生相隔时间平均(2.9±2.1)年。单因素Logistic回归分析结果示年龄、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后短期谵妄、伤前合并内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示年龄(OR=4.227)、骨密度(OR=4.313)、合并内科疾病(OR=5.616),以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低(OR=3.891),是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论: 年龄、骨密度、合并内科疾病以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的主要危险因素,术后3年内要加强内科疾病的治疗,抗骨质疏松,改善髋关节功能,以预防健侧髋部骨折的发生。     

The analgesic efficacy of continuous fascia iliaca block vs. continuous psoas compartment block after hip surgery: A comparative study

BackgroundBoth psoas compartment block and fascia iliaca compartment block have been shown to be reliable blocks for postoperative pain relief for procedures involving the hip joint. This study evaluated the efficacy of continuous psoas compartment block with continuous fascia iliaca block for postoperative analgesia after hip surgery.MethodsIn randomized blinded study Forty, ASA I–III patients aged 30–75 years, with BMI less than 40, scheduled for hip surgery, were divided to one of two groups. Group P: continuous psoas compartment block (n = 18) and group F: continuous fascia iliaca block (n = 19). Standard general anesthesia was induced after finishing the block technique. After recovery 30 ml of 0.125% levobupivacaine was injected through the catheter to all patients. Postoperative 24 h meperidine consumption, patient satisfaction, visual analogue scale pain scores at (1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) postoperative, postoperative hemodynamics (HR and MAp), evidence of sensory and motor blockades, and incidence of adverse effects were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in 24 h postoperative meperidine requirements, postoperative VAS, patient satisfaction, postoperative hemodynamics, and distribution of sensory and motor block of (femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerves). The epidural anesthesia occurred in two patients in psoas group (11%).ConclusionBoth continuous fascia iliaca block and continuous psoas compartment block were comparable in providing safe and effective analgesia after hip surgery.     

Comparison of femoral nerve block and fascia iliaca block for analgesia following reconstructive knee surgery in adolescents

Study ObjectiveTo compare the femoral nerve block with the fascia iliaca block for postoperative analgesia in adolescents undergoing reconstructive knee surgery.DesignRandomized, single-blinded study.SettingFull-service pediatric medical center.Patients23 ASA physical status I and II patients, aged 8 to 16 years, undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair.InterventionsPatients received either fascia iliaca or femoral nerve block prior to reconstructive surgery.MeasurementsPain scores by visual analog scale (VAS; 0-10) and morphine use were routinely recorded through to discharge from the hospital. Pain scores were assessed on days 1 and 2 at home post-discharge.Main resultsThere was no difference between the femoral nerve block and the fascia iliaca nerve block in VAS pain scores or postoperative morphine consumption.ConclusionEither the femoral nerve block or the fascia iliaca block, followed by patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, provides efficacious analgesia for adolescents undergoing ACL reconstruction.     

Levobupivacaine patient controlled analgesia: Epidural versus blind fascia iliaca compartment analgesia – A comparative study

This study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine patient controlled analgesia epidural versus patient controlled analgesia with fascia lliaca compartment block. In patients undergoing fixation of fracture neck femur.MethodsSixty patients ASA II&III undergoing fixation of fracture neck femur were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30).Group EEpidural group given levobupivacaine 0.25% 15 ml before induction of general anesthesia, followed by postoperative PCEA with levobupivacaine (0.125%).Group FFascia iliaca block group given levobupivacaine 0.25% 30 ml through the catheter before induction of general anesthesia, followed by postoperative patient controlled fascia illiaca analgesia with levobupivacaine (0.125%).Severity of postoperative pain at rest in 24 h using VAS, number of patients required additional analgesia (tramadol) in 24 h, doses of postoperative 24 h tramadol consumed, postoperative mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded.ResultsThe severity of postoperative pain was statistically significantly less in E group, number of patients required tramadol in 24 h were statistically significantly less in E group than F group, postoperative tramadol consumed was statistically significantly less in E group than F group.ConclusionPCEA with levobupivacaine (0.125%) was associated with satisfactory analgesia than patient controlled analgesia with fascia iliaca block in patients undergoing fixation of fracture neck femur.     

Systematic review of the effects of fascia iliaca compartment block on hip fracture patients before operation

Background

Fascia iliaca compartment block is used for hip fractures in order to reduce pain, the need for systemic analgesia, and prevent delirium, on this basis. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the analgesic and adverse effects of fascia iliaca block on hip fracture in adults when applied before operation.

A randomised,controlled, double blind,non‐inferiority trial of ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block vs. spinal morphine for analgesia after primary hip arthroplasty

We performed a single centre, double blind, randomised, controlled, non‐inferiority study comparing ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with spinal morphine for the primary outcome of 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia with levobupivacaine. One hundred and eight patients were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with 2 mg.kg^?1 levobupivacaine (fascia iliaca group) or spinal morphine 100 μg plus a sham ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block using saline (spinal morphine group). The pre‐defined non‐inferiority margin was a median difference between the groups of 10 mg in cumulative intravenous morphine use in the first 24 h postoperatively. Patients in the fascia iliaca group received 25 mg more intravenous morphine than patients in the spinal morphine group (95% CI 9.0–30.5 mg, p < 0.001). Ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block was significantly worse than spinal morphine in the provision of analgesia in the first 24 h after total hip arthroplasty. No increase in side‐effects was noted in the spinal morphine group but the study was not powered to investigate all secondary outcomes.     

The Fascia Iliaca Block as the Primary Intraoperative Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Preliminary Study

Background

Early surgical intervention for hip fractures in the elderly has proven efficacious. However, surgical delays commonly occur in this patient population due to comorbid conditions that put these patients at a high risk for hypotension-related complications of general or neuraxial anesthesia or anticoagulants that delay the safe use of neuraxial anesthesia.

Questions/Purposes

The questions/purposes of this study are (1) to investigate if a fascia iliaca block in conjunction with light to moderate sedation could provide adequate analgesia throughout open surgery for intertrochanteric hip fractures (AO/OTA 31-1) without requiring conversion to general anesthesia with airway support and (2) to assess its perioperative complication profile.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures who underwent anesthesia with a fascia iliaca block over a 1.5-year period.

Results

In the six patients identified, there were no intraoperative conversions to general anesthesia requiring airway support. Additionally, there were no intraoperative complications, no mortalities within 30 days, 2 patients on anticoagulation who required a blood transfusion, and a single patient who developed a postoperative hospital-acquired pneumonia that resolved with an antibiotic course.

Conclusions

In this series of patients, we demonstrate that a fascia iliaca block can reliably be utilized as the primary anesthetic for patients undergoing surgical fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures, with an acceptable perioperative complication profile. Although concomitant sedation was provided with the block, this anesthesia strategy has the potential to reduce preoperative delays and minimize the overall burden of sedative and anesthetic medications in a geriatric population. These initial findings may serve as a basis for future, higher-quality prospective and comparative studies.

     

肌少症对股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响分析

目的 :探讨肌少症与股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术后早期功能的关系。方法 :对2014年5月至2017年1月行初次髋关节置换术的股骨颈骨折181例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男58例,女123例;年龄53~92岁。术前观察患者的一般情况,测量四肢骨骼肌质量指数(appendicular skeletal muscle index,ASMI)及握力。术后随访临床预后包括术后并发症,下地时间,Harris评分(术后2周及3、6个月),住院费用,住院时间等指标。根据握力和ASMI,将患者并分为肌少症组与非肌少症组;根据随访6个月时的Harris评分分为预后佳与预后不佳两组。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析法探究肌少症是否是患者髋关节术后不佳的危险因素。结果:此研究共有181例完成随访,随访时间为第2周及3、6个月。结果显示,术后创口周围感染16例,下肢静脉血栓14例,无脱位、假体松动及假体周围感染。符合肌少症诊断患者82例(45%),与非肌少症组相比,肌少症组术后并发症发生率及住院费用更高,住院时间及下地时间更长,术后感染及血栓的发生率较高,早期关节功能评分相对较低具有统计学意义。随后进行多因素Logistic回归分析提示肌少症(P=0.008),半髋(P0.001),糖尿病(P=0.016),术后感染(P=0.018)是术后功能不佳的重要影响因素。结论:肌少症是股骨颈骨折术后早期预后不佳的重要危险因素,积极治疗肌少症可能是改善股骨颈骨折关节置换术后功能的重要措施。     

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine addition to bupivacaine on the quality of blind fascia iliaca compartment block in children undergoing femur fracture surgery

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine addition to bupivacaine on the quality of blind fascia iliaca compartment block in children undergoing femur fracture surgery.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were designed to detect the effects of addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine on the quality of blind fascia iliaca compartment block and its possible side effects in children undergoing fracture femur surgery.MethodsThis study was conducted on 28 children (2–6 years of age), scheduled for fracture femur surgery. Children were randomly allocated to receive either 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg^?1 (B group), or 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg^?1 with dexmedetomidine 2 μg kg^?1 (BD group). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 1–1.5 minimum alveolar concentration. Intraoperative sevoflurane concentration, hemodynamic, postoperative emergence delirium, sedation scores and pain scores were recorded. Duration of surgery and emergence time were recorded. Postoperative complications such as (nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, purities, hypotension and bradycardia) were reported.ResultsCompared to the group B, patients received bupivacaine–dexmedetomidine for fascia iliaca compartment block had lower intraoperative sevoflurane concentration, higher sedation score, longer duration of postoperative analgesia, less use of rectal paracetamol for the first 24 h postoperatively and less number with postoperative agitation. No patients developed postoperative respiratory depression, purities, hypotension or bradycardia.ConclusionThe present study concluded that the combined use of bupivacaine–dexmedetomidine for fascia iliaca compartment block in children provided significant reduction of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, remarkable hemodynamic stability, significant postoperative analgesia with lower postoperative analgesics requirements without any undesirable complications.     

老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折的危险因素分析

目的 :探讨老年髋部发生二次骨折的相关风险因素,为预防对侧髋部再骨折提供临床依据。方法 :回顾性分析2008年12月至2014年2月378例老年髋部初次骨折患者的资料,男175例,女203例;年龄60~90岁,平均(75.53±8.04)岁;股骨颈骨折125例,股骨粗隆间骨折253例。术后随访12~36个月,平均24.9个月,32例患者发生对侧髋部再骨折,男13例,女19例;年龄72~95岁,平均(81.25±5.94)岁;股骨颈骨折7例,股骨粗隆间骨折25例。根据患者术后有无对侧髋部再骨折分为骨折组和无骨折组,比较两组患者的年龄、性别、初次骨折类型、内固定方式、卧床时间、骨质疏松情况、合并内科疾病情况、术后功能锻炼、治疗的依从性、生活环境(农村/城市)和末次随访时Harris评分,对于P0.05的因素进行多因素Logistic回归性分析。结果:骨折组与无骨折组的年龄、骨质疏松情况、合并内科疾病情况、术后功能锻炼、医疗依从性及末次随访时Harris评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示:骨质疏松(OR=6.793,P=0.001),高龄(OR=4.170,P=0.002),合并内科疾病(OR=3.828,P=0.005),术后功能锻炼(OR=0.297,P=0.005)以及医疗依从性(OR=0.295,P=0.007)是老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折的主要危险因素。结论:老年髋部骨折术后对侧再骨折主要危险因素是高龄、骨质疏松、合并内科疾病、术后功能锻炼和医疗依从性。术后需加强抗骨质疏松治疗、积极治疗内科疾病,坚持功能锻炼,以预防髋部再次骨折的发生。