直肠癌根治术后患者行完全腹腔镜回肠造口还纳术的近期疗效

目的探讨直肠癌根治术后行完全腹腔镜回肠造口还纳术的安全性、可行性及其近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2020年6月于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院和北京市朝阳区三环肿瘤医院行完全腹腔镜回肠袢式造口还纳术的20例直肠癌根治术后患者的临床资料, 评价患者并发症发生情况、术后恢复情况及近期疗效。结果全组20例行完全腹腔镜回肠造口还纳术患者均顺利完成手术, 无中转开腹或中止手术者, 无围手术期相关死亡患者。全组患者完全腹腔镜回肠造口还纳手术时间为60～145 min, 中位时间为97 min;术中出血量为10～100 ml, 中位出血量为20 ml。术后1 d视觉疼痛评分(VAS)为1.0～5.0分, 术后1 d中位VAS为1.9分。全组患者麻醉清醒后均无需使用附加止痛药物。术后下床活动时间为16～42 h, 中位时间为25 h;术后排气时间为19～51 h, 中位时间为44 h;术后住院时间为5.0～9.0 d, 中位时间为6.9 d。全组患者无手术相关切口感染、腹盆腔感染、肠梗阻、吻合口漏、出血等相关并发症。结论经筛选的合适的患者行完全腹腔镜回肠造口还纳术安全可行, 近期疗效满意, 完全...     

腹膜外法结肠造瘘还纳术

<正>近端结肠造瘘或损伤肠管外置是结直肠疾病手术治疗的常用术式或辅助术式之一。患者常需在术后3~6个月行肠造瘘还纳术。由于大肠的高污染性,使造瘘还纳后有少部分患者出现吻合口瘘、局部感染等并发症。2009年1月至2010年5月我院对10例患者采用腹膜外造瘘还纳术,临床效果良好,报道如下。     

腹腔镜下乙状结肠腹膜外造口的可行性研究(32例直肠癌应用分析)

[目的]探讨腹腔镜下乙状结肠腹膜外造口术的可行性及其安全性。[方法]32咧享肠癌病例婪施砬会阴联合切除术后行腹膜外造口（腹腔镜手术组），并随机选取同期开腹腹膜外造口术34例作为对照组，比较两组手术时间及并发症发生率。[结果]腹腔镜手术组和对照组造口手术平均时间分别为15min和17min（P〉0．05）。术后随访2-22个月，腹腔镜手术组3例病人出现4例次造口并发症，对照组7例病人出现14例次造口并发症（P〈0．05）。[结论]腹腔镜乙状结肠腹膜外造口术安全可行，在减少造口并发症方面具有一定的优势。     

腹腔镜辅助肠造瘘术中不缝合腹膜56例应用体会

目的观察腹腔镜辅助肠造瘘术中不缝合腹膜的可行性与安全性。方法对新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院2015年1月至2016年1月收治的56例行腹腔镜辅助低位直肠癌根治术患者术中肠造瘘时不缝合腹膜,观察术后造瘘口愈合及并发症发生情况。结果 56例患者手术顺利,无中转开腹,术后未发生切口感染、切口疝及造瘘口坏死等在术后1年随访中,也未曾见造口旁疝发生。结论腹腔镜辅助肠造瘘术中不缝合腹膜临床可行。     

279例直肠癌低位前切除术中临时性造口的应用分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析直肠癌低位前切除术（low anterior resection，LAR）中临时性造口的效果，为评估临时性造口的必要性和可行性提供临床决策依据。［方法］ 在中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院收治的2 321例行直肠癌LAR患者中，根据是否行临时性造口进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配，共匹配279对。收集患者围手术期相关指标及术后1年的随访数据来评估造口相关指标情况。定量变量使用t检验，分类变量使用卡方检验或Fisher检验进行统计学分析。［结果］ 造口组术前放化疗比例高于未造口组（39.4% vs 10.0%，P<0.001），肿瘤位置低于未造口组（距肛缘6.0cm vs 9.0cm，P< 0.001）。与未造口组相比，造口组吻合口瘘发生率更低（0.4% vs 3.6%，P=0.039），二次手术率更低（0.4% vs 2.9%，P=0.044），手术时间更长（214.8min vs 151.3min，P=0.009），首次排气时间更短（3.4d vs 4.1d，P=0.005）。还纳手术是相对安全的，但21.1%的造口患者在第一次手术后1年内因各种原因未完成还纳手术。年龄大（P=0.029）和AJCC分期晚（P=0.043）可能是影响造口不能还纳的高危因素。［结论］ 对于高危患者，临时性造口手术耗时长，但可以降低LAR吻合口瘘发生率和再手术率。考虑到日常生活不便、其他相关并发症，以及较高的不能还纳比例等问题，临时性造口应更多地应用于低位吻合及新辅助治疗后的患者。     

关于Miles手术肠造口的几个问题

目的：探讨Miles手术肠造口的手术操作和并发症防治。方法：回顾性分析108例Miles手术肠造口的资料。结果：术后发生肠造口并发症共36例。结论：术前注意准备，术中注意一些细小操作，术后关心肠造口的康复是降低并发症发生率的关键。     

《中国成年患者营养治疗通路指南》 解 读:外科空肠造口

早期肠内营养对手术患者尤其是上消化道手术患者具有十分重要的意义。 早期外科空肠造口是肠内营养的一种 方式,消化道手术患者可在术中接受置管,术后即可早期进行肠内营养。 可以通过开放式手术包括隧道式空肠造口术(Witzel 空肠造口术)、Roux-en-Y 空肠造口术、穿刺针导管空肠造口术(NCJ)等术式以及开放胃进行空肠造口术和腹腔镜下外科空 肠造口技术实现。 食管切除手术患者,由于肠外营养的并发症较多以及不利于术后消化功能恢复,建议术中空肠造口建立肠 内营养治疗途径给予营养治疗。 同样的,腹部手术患者也可以在术中接受空肠造口置管。 而对于胰十二指肠切除患者,相比 于外科空肠造口,鼻肠管更适用。 对于术前已存在严重营养不良,或术后需要放化疗的患者,可通过空肠造口进行家庭肠内 营养,提高患者生活质量。 本文主要从外科空肠造口技术、适应证等方面介绍目前的最新进展。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中两种预防性造口方式的对比研究

目的:探究腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中末端回肠襻式造口和回肠末端改良自闭式造口两种造口方式的临床疗效。方法:选取2016年04月至2019年03月于我院就诊并行腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治性保肛术+预防性造口术的80例低位直肠癌患者进行研究;采用数字随机法将患者分为回肠造口组和改良造口组各40例,其中回肠造口组行末端回肠襻式造口,改良造口组行回肠末端改良自闭式造口;观察并分析两组围手术期相关指标及术后并发症情况;采用SPSS 25.0进行数据整合分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:两组在手术时间、造口时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、肠功能恢复时间及进食时间方面差异无显著统计学意义（P＞0.05）;改良造口组在住院时间、治疗总费用方面优于回肠造口组（P＜0.05）。术后两组均无吻合口瘘发生。回肠造口组造口相关并发症总发生率及吻合口狭窄发生率高于改良造口组（P＜0.05）。改良造口组3例高龄糖尿病患者出现拔管相关并发症,经治疗后逐渐好转。两组随访期均无肿瘤复发或死亡病例出现。结论:两种预造口方式临床疗效近似,改良自闭式造口住院时间更短、治疗花费更低,对降低造口相关并发症及吻合口狭窄具有积极意义,是低位直肠癌保肛术中可供选择的预造口方式,值得进一步探究分析应用于临床。     

关于Miles手术肠造口的几个问题

目的　探讨Miles手术肠造口的手术操作和并发症防治。方法　回顾性分析 10 8例Miles手术肠造口的资料。结果　术后发生肠造口并发症共 3 6例。结论　术前注意准备 ,术中注意一些细小操作 ,术后关心肠造口的康复是降低并发症发生率的关键     

圆形吻合器在肠造口术中的应用研究

目的探讨圆形吻合器在肠造口术的应用价值。方法回顾分析2010年3月至2012年3月在解放军福州总医院接受同一外科治疗小组手术的70例圆形吻合器肠造口术患者(吻合器组)的造口手术时间,术后造口并发症、感染发生率及随访情况。并与同期行传统手工肠造口术的51例患者(手工组)进行比较。结果两组均无手术死亡病例。吻合器组造口时间(12.66±2.28)min;术后发生造口狭窄、造口渗血各1例(2.86%),切口感染1例(1.43%)。手工组造口时间(24.74±2.83)min;术后发生造口并发症7例(13.73%),分别是造口缺血1例、造口狭窄2例、造口回缩2例、造口旁疝2例,另切口感染2例(3.92%)。两组造口时间、造口并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后感染发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访6~24个月,吻合器组患者1年内造口吻合钉逐渐脱落。结论圆形吻合器行肠造口术具有操作简便,并发症少,外形美观,护理方便等优点。     

Rectal anastomosis and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Should we avoid diverting loop ileostomy?

IntroductionLiterature on rectal anastomosis and diverting ileostomy in patients treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is limited. This study assesses the safety of rectal anastomoses during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC, with and without fecal diversion, and its morbidity when performed.Materials and methodsFrom January 2012 to January 2020, patients with peritoneal metastases who underwent CRS and HIPEC that required a rectal anastomosis were included in this single-hospital retrospective chart review.Results84 patients were included, of which 29 had a diverting loop ileostomy. The rectal anastomotic leak (AL) rate for the series was 8.3%. Factors associated with AL were male gender (p = 0.031) and increased BMI (p < 0.0005). Diverting loop ileostomy was associated with a significant decrease of clinically significant rectal AL (0% vs 12.7%, p = 0.045). However, the 90-day readmission rate was higher in this group (37.9% vs 10.9%, p = 0.003). Stoma reversal surgery was performed for all patients, but 3 patients experienced AL (10.7%).ConclusionsThis study suggests that creation of a diverting loop ileostomy may be an effective strategy to prevent symptomatic rectal AL following CRS with HIPEC. However, it is also associated with an increased readmission rate and increased risk of AL following reversal surgery.     

Timely closure of loop ileostomy following anterior resection for rectal cancer

The implications of constructing a temporary ileostomy as part of the primary surgery for some rectal cancers must not be underestimated and many patients are particularly keen to have their stoma closed as early as possible. Currently, there are no set protocols in place which determine when this should take place, meaning that stoma reversal can be extremely variable between hospitals in the UK. We have created a policy to give patients a provisional date for ileostomy closure at discharge from primary surgery, which takes into account any necessary adjuvant treatment. We compared time to closure of ileostomy between two adjacent centres that share common stoma-care and oncology teams to see what benefit this policy provides. Patients were recruited over a 2-year period from 2005 to 2007 from two adjacent centres. Centre 1 had a policy to provide patients with a provisional date for closure of their ileostomy. The notes were studied retrospectively to determine time to closure of the ileostomy and reasons for any delays in closure. A total of 107 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 83 patients (72%) had their stomas closed. Thirty patients had their stomas closed within 12 weeks (37%) - more than 67% (23/34) in centre 1 against 15% (7/48) in centre 2. At 1 year, all patients in centre 1 had their ileostomy closed, while 10% (5/48) were still waiting in centre 2. The mean time to closure was 13.47 and 25.25 weeks for centres 1 and 2 respectively -P-value < 0.0001. Offering patients a date for ileostomy closure at discharge from their primary resection results in the majority of stomas being closed within 12 weeks. For those patients who are to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy, we aim to perform this surgery in between the second and third cycles of treatment.     

新辅助放化疗后低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏危险因素分析

目的:探讨接受新辅助放化疗的患者行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术（low anterior resection,LAR）术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2010年01月至2019年12月南通大学附属东台医院、苏州大学附属第一医院收治的146例cT3-4期和(或)N1-2期低位直肠癌患者临床资料。上述患者先行新辅助放化疗6~8周后行LAR术,所有肿瘤患者遵循全直肠系膜切除原则行根治性切除、低位保肛手术。根据收集的临床数据对比分析各组患者全身一般情况、肿瘤特征、检查指标及术后相关并发症发生率等,采用单因素和多因素分析方法探讨新辅助放化疗后低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏的危险因素。结果:新辅助放化疗后的低位直肠癌行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术,整体吻合口漏发生率为 10.3%。通过单因素分析法,发现吻合口漏的发生在糖尿病、BMI、术前白蛋白、预防性回肠造口、保留左结肠血管、侧方淋巴结清扫不同的分组中存在差异（P均＜0.05）。进一步行Logistic回归多因素分析发现BMI(OR=1.172,95％CI:1.012～1.357,P=0.034）,术前白蛋白(OR=1.883,95％CI:1.001～3.993,P=0.037）,侧方淋巴结清扫(OR=10.353,95％CI:1.513~70.846,P=0.017）是术后发生吻合口漏的独立危险因素。结论:新辅助放化疗后低位直肠癌术后发生吻合口漏与患者的血糖水平、BMI指数、白蛋白、预防性回肠造口、保留左结肠血管、侧方淋巴结清扫等因素相关。对于肥胖、低蛋白血症、行侧方淋巴结清扫等危险因素的患者而言,术后发生吻合口漏的风险将增高;行预防性回肠造口、保留左结肠血管的患者吻合口漏的发生率可显著降低。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治手术65例分析

[目的]探讨腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除（TME）手术几个值得注意的问题。[方法]回顾性分析腹腔镜直肠癌TME手术65例。[结果]65例按TME原则采用腹腔镜完成直肠癌手术．Dixon手术58．5％（38／65），Miles手术30．8％（20／651，Parks手术10．8％（7／65）。手术时间130-300min．平均175min，术中平均出血量120ml。本组无吻合口瘘，无围手术期死亡病例。术后1～4d肠道功能恢复。[结论]腹腔镜直肠癌TME手术安全可行，术中应根据病情选择肠系膜下动脉切断位置、盆腔自主神经保留以及是否行保护性回肠造口。     

腹腔镜与传统开腹直肠全系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的疗效对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的安全性、可行性及中长期生存率。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的472例直肠癌患者,按手术方式分为腹腔镜组(243例)及开腹组(229例);比较两组患者临床资料及术后随访结果。结果:腔镜组手术时间与开腹组比较差异无统计学意义［(237±42.5) min vs (232±40.4) min,P＞ 0.05］;腔镜组术中出血量［(48±19.3) ml vs (109±29.3) ml］、术后恢复排气中位时间［3(1～9) d vs 4(2～12) d］优于开腹组（均P＜ 0.05）。两组在切除标本长度、远切缘距肿瘤下缘距离、肿瘤大小、清扫淋巴结数目及预防性造瘘率方面差异均无统计学意义(均P＞ 0.05)。中位随访40(1～83)个月,腹腔镜组、开腹组中位随访时间分别为41(1～80)个月、40(1～83)个月,随访期内两组局部复发率、远处转移率差异无统计学意义;两组总生存率、总无瘤生存率及Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者总生存率、无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(均P＞ 0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术是安全、可行的术式,具有满意的近期疗效,可达到与开腹手术相同的中长期生存率。     

悬吊式腹腔镜在妇科手术中的临床应用

目的:探讨悬吊式腹腔镜在妇科手术中的临床应用价值。方法:对2010年6月至2011年3月我院行悬吊式腹腔镜与气腹腹腔镜手术各23例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:两组术后排气时间及住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.01),悬吊式腹腔镜在手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛及住院费用等方面明显优于气腹腹腔镜,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:悬吊式腹腔镜手术是一种安全有效的妇科微创手术方法,拓宽妇科腹腔镜手术适应证,与气腹腹腔镜手术形成了优势互补,有较高的临床应用价值。     

Temporary impairment of renal function in patients with rectal cancer treated with diverting ileostomy

BackgroundFluid and electrolyte disturbance, which impairs renal function, has been reported in patients with temporary ileostomy. However, the dynamic changes in serum electrolytes and renal function in rectal cancer patients with ileostomy have not been well described. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate alterations in serum electrolytes and renal function in rectal cancer patients undergoing ileostomy creation and closure.MethodsThe levels of serum potassium, serum sodium, serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed in 320 patients with rectal cancer including 156 patients with an ileostomy (the ileostomy group) and 164 patients without an ileostomy (the control group).ResultsAfter index surgery, the levels of serum potassium and serum creatinine in the ileostomy group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In contrast, the levels of serum sodium and the eGFR showed decreases in the ileostomy group compared to the control group after index surgery (P<0.05). At 3 months after ileostomy creation, the ileostomy group had a significantly increased rate of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² compared to the control group (5.8% vs. 1.2%, P=0.032). In line with the results of univariate analysis, multivariable analysis identified ileostomy and diabetes as independent risk factors for a decreased eGFR (P=0.005 and P=0.022, respectively). Furthermore, a significantly rebound of eGFR was observed in patients after ileostomy closure (P=0.013).ConclusionsIleostomy can cause temporary electrolyte disturbance and renal function impairment in patients with rectal cancer. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for renal function damage in patients with rectal cancer who receive a temporary ileostomy.     

Temporary percutaneous ileostomy versus conventional loop ileostomy in mechanical extraperitoneal colorectal anastomosis: A retrospective study

Aim

Loop ileostomy is a suitable procedure for transitory faecal diversion after low colorectal anastomosis, but it causes relevant morbidities (discomfort, peristomal infections, dehydration) and requires a second operation to be closed. We already described an alternative technique of temporary percutaneous ileostomy (TPI) that can be removed without surgery.

Method

The data of 143 consecutive patients, undergoing elective laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum for adenocarcinoma and low mechanical colorectal anastomosis, 68 with conventional loop ileostomy (CLI) and 75 with TPI, were analyzed.

Results

Neither intra-operative complications nor deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Clinical anastomotic leakage occurred in 4 patients with CLI and in 1 with TPI (p = 0.191). The median time required for the emission of gases and faeces through the stoma was respectively 1 and 2.5 days in the CLI group, and 1 and 2 days in the TPI group (p = 0.259 and p = 0.126). The median post-operative stay was 8 days in the CLI group and 11 days in the TPI group (p < 0.001). PTIs were removed on the median of 9 days after surgery without major complications, whereas the CLIs were re-canalized in 79.4% of patients on an average of 106 days, with 2 major complications.

Conclusion

The temporary percutaneous ileostomy seems to be a valid alternative to conventional ileostomy, ensuring optimal faecal diversion and less patient discomfort. It can be easily removed without surgery, allowing patients a better outcome.     

关于上尿路移行上皮恶性肿瘤手术方式研究进展

上尿路移行上皮恶性肿瘤包括肾盂恶性肿瘤和输尿管恶性肿瘤.其标准术式为开放根治性肾输尿管切除术,随着腹腔镜技术不断发展,越来越多的泌尿外科医生将腹腔镜技术应用于上尿路移行上皮恶性肿瘤的治疗中,虽然腹腔镜手术较开放手术具有明显的优势,但操作技术难度较大,而机器人辅助腹腔镜技术的应用克服了许多复杂腹腔镜手术技巧的限制,从而为...