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1.
放射性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者因病灶摄碘功能不佳而无法从131I等传统治疗方法中获益。近年来,甲状腺癌分子病理学研究新成果为甲状腺癌的分子诊断和靶向治疗提供了新的契机,相关分子靶向治疗的临床试验和荟萃分析均取得了可喜的结果。本文从临床角度对放射性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌分子靶向治疗的最新进展进行综述。  相似文献   

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分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)大多进展缓慢,经手术、促甲状腺素抑制治疗和(或)放射性碘(RAI)等规范化治疗后总体预后好,但仍有部分患者治疗后出现复发或远处转移,并可能在自然病程或治疗过程中丧失摄碘能力,不能从后续RAI治疗中获益,成为碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌(RAIRDTC)。RAIR-DTC患者可选择的治疗方法有限,且效果欠佳。近年来,随着对RAIR-DTC分子机制研究的不断深入,诱导再分化联合RAI治疗在RAIR-DTC中展现出一定的应用前景。本文综述了信号通路抑制剂、组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi)、DNA甲基化酶抑制剂、维甲酸类药物及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂在RAIR-DTC诱导再分化治疗中的进展。  相似文献   

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  目的   评估阿帕替尼对于局部进展性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌(radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,RAIR-DTC) 中位随访 7.9个月后的治疗效果。  方法   随访中国医学科学院北京协和医院自 2016年 3月至 2016年 6月入组阿帕替尼治疗 RAIR-DTC临床实验的受试者 10例, 从血清生化角度, 甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin, Tg)、 甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulinantibody, Tg-Ab)及影像学角度, 靶病灶长度(target lesions, TL)观察阿帕替尼疗效及相关性, 总结随访期间的不良事件(adverseevent, AE)。  结果   中位随访时间为 7.9个月, 在平均服用阿帕替尼 6周内 Tg呈快速下降趋势, 平均下降 60%, 最大可达 90%, 提示该药物血清学疗效反应迅速, 此后呈现稳定趋势, 但停药 3~14天即可观察到 Tg的反弹趋势, 升幅波动在 4%~135%; TL在服用阿帕替尼平均 8周内呈快速下降趋势, 平均下降 40%, 最大可达 60%, 提示该药物快速的影像学疗效反应, 此后呈稳定趋势, 受停药影响不明显; Tg周变化速率 (Tgvn) 和 TL周变化速率 (TLvn) 呈正相关 [TLvn=0.17×Tgvn+0.50 (r=0.56, P<0.05)]; 受试者因不良反应均有不同程度的剂量下调, 剂量调整后 AE于 3~14天缓解, 下调剂量至 250 mg/d仍能有效控制病情。  结论   阿帕替尼治疗进展性 RAIR-DTC具有快速、 持久的血清学及影像学反应, Tgvn和 TLvn呈正相关, 且 Tg较 TL更为敏感, 应作为 RAIR-DTC靶向治疗评估的客观指标。   相似文献   

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碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌相关发生机制研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵丹 《癌症进展》2013,11(1):36-40
正分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)包括甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)和甲状腺滤泡状癌(follicular thyroidcarcinoma,FTC),绝大多数的DTC患者通过传统的"手术+Ⅰ治疗+TSH(thyrotropin)抑制"治疗模式可以获得长达30年之久的无病生存。然而2%~5%的DTC在治疗或自然病程过程中其肿瘤细胞形态和功能出现退行性变化,失去分化表型,如TSH受体表达降低和浓聚碘能力丧失,使放射性  相似文献   

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背景与目的:碘难治性甲状腺癌(radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,RAIR-DTC)是目前临床诊疗的难点与热点,目前国际指南中推荐的靶向治疗药物仅有索拉非尼及乐伐替尼。该研究报告具有我国自主知识产权的靶向药物甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗进展性碘RAIR-DTC 8周后的短期疗效及安全性。方法:纳入10例进展性RAIR-DTC患者予阿帕替尼治疗(750 mg,每天1次,口服)。每2周复查甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg),每4周CT监测靶病灶(target lesions,TL)。观察甲状腺癌血清标志物Tg水平变化,采用实体瘤疗效评价标准1.1(response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,RECIST 1.1)评估疗效。初步评估患者经药物治疗的短期不良事件(adverse event,AE)以评估安全性。结果:8例Tg可评价的患者,在治疗2周后Tg即出现下降,在治疗8周后较基线平均降幅达68%,达到“生化部分缓解”。10例患者共18个TL,治疗4周后即出现缩小,在8周后较基线平均缩小达40%,9例患者(9/10,90%)达到部分缓解,1例(1/10,10%)呈疾病稳定,客观缓解率及疾病控制率分别达90%和100%。最常见的3级以上AE主要包括手足皮肤反应、高血压和低钙血症,分别占50%、30%和20%,未观察到与药物相关的严重AE。结论:甲磺酸阿帕替尼可安全用于RAIR-DTC治疗,且在8周治疗中从血清学及结构影像学角度证实快速有效,客观缓解率高。  相似文献   

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甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其中又以保留甲状腺滤泡细胞功能的分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)最为多见.DTC通常预后良好,但部分DTC患者在病程中病灶失去摄碘能力,发展为碘难治性DTC(radioiodine-refractory DTC,RR-DTC),预...  相似文献   

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目的 目前对于进展期甲状腺癌分子靶向治疗的研究多为单臂实验,RCT研究较少.本研究应用Meta分析方法,评价分子靶向治疗在难治性甲状腺癌中的疗效和安全性,以期为其应用提供理论基础.方法 检索纳入1989-01-2015-01 Medline、Web of science、Cochrane Central、EBSCO、Embase等英文数据库及中国学术期刊全文数据库、万方、维普等中文数据库中的文献.按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选和质量评价后,利用Cochrane中心提供的RevMan5.0软件对数据进行分析.主要评价指标是患者的无进展生存率及药物的不良反应.结果 共纳入4项随机对照试验研究,得到药物组总体样本730例,对照组(安慰剂组)总体样本493例.相比对照组,药物组6、12和18个月的无进展生存率均显著提高(6个月:RR=2.57,95%CI为1.97~3.35;12个月:RR=2.01,95%CI为1.53~2.65;18个月:RR=2.10,95%CI为1.54~2.87).药物组不良反应发生率高于对照组(RR=4.20,95%CI为2.82~6.24).主要是腹泻、疲劳、高血压、手足综合征和QT间期延长.结论 靶向药物可显著延长难治性甲状腺癌患者的无进展生存期.虽然其不良反应发生率显著高于对照组,但患者仍可耐受.靶向治疗为难治性甲状腺癌患者带来新的希望.  相似文献   

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近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率显著增加,大多数病例以分化型甲状腺癌为主,其特点是预后良好。然而,在初始治疗后仍有15%的患者出现疾病持续或复发,并且局部晚期或转移性癌症患者对既定治疗无效,最终有死亡的风险。国内外对于晚期甲状腺癌的治疗仍有争议,但都倾向于靶向和免疫治疗为主的综合治疗。随着对甲状腺癌分子发病机制的深入理解,临床上已批准了多种新的靶向治疗方法用于晚期甲状腺癌。中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)2021年指南和欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)2022年指南(更新)均将靶向治疗作为晚期甲状腺癌治疗的Ⅰ级推荐。本文将对晚期甲状腺癌临床治疗新进展作一综述。  相似文献   

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Background.

The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI) had been hampered by few effective therapies. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown activity in this disease. Clinical guidance on the use of these agents in RAI-refractory thyroid cancer is warranted.

Materials and Methods.

Molecular mutations found in RAI-refractory thyroid cancer are summarized. Recent phase II and III clinical trial data for TKIs axitinib, lenvatinib, motesanib, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and vandetinib are reviewed including efficacy and side effect profiles. Molecular targets and potencies of these agents are compared. Inhibitors of BRAF, mammalian target of rapamycin, and MEK are considered.

Results.

Routine testing for molecular alterations prior to therapy is not yet recommended. TKIs produce progression-free survival of approximately 1 year (range: 7.7–19.6 months) and partial response rates of up to 50% by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Pazopanib and lenvatinib are the most active agents. The majority of patients experienced tumor shrinkage with TKIs. Common adverse toxicities affect dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems.

Conclusion.

Multiple TKIs have activity in RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Selection of a targeted agent should depend on disease trajectory, side effect profile, and goals of therapy.  相似文献   

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郝权  田菁  王耕辛 《中国肿瘤临床》2005,32(22):1315-1318
靶向治疗作为一种新的肿瘤治疗手段,能够提高药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤力,而同时减少对正常组织器官的不良作用,已逐步应用于临床治疗,且在卵巢癌的治疗中较传统治疗方式显示出明显优势。本文分别从单克隆抗体、酪氨酸激酶、肿瘤血管生成、基因治疗、光动力学治疗五个侧面对靶向治疗在卵巢癌治的研究现况、治疗应用及前景进行了总结及瞻望。  相似文献   

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分化型甲状腺癌术后促甲状腺激素抑制治疗分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
程若川 《中国肿瘤》2015,24(6):456-460
目前对于分化型甲状腺癌的治疗方法通常为手术治疗合并放射碘治疗以及甲状腺激素替代治疗,并且根据疾病的不同分期,患者的促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin,TSH)应维持在低于正常或极低水平.目前对于TSH抑制治疗的争议主要存在于最佳抑制程度,即是否应将TSH抑制到<0.1 mU/L还是保持在0.1~0.4 mU/L以达到最佳疗效,以及在不同分期患者中,TSH抑制治疗的有效性.全文对TSH抑制治疗对甲状腺癌的应用进行分析,并对TSH抑制治疗的利弊、抑制程度进行讨论,以及目前存在的关于TSH抑制治疗的争议进行阐述.  相似文献   

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BackgroundLenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treating patients with locally recurrent or metastatic progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). In this review, we discuss recent developments in the optimization of RR-DTC treatment with lenvatinib.SummaryInitiation of lenvatinib treatment before a worsening of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio could benefit patients with progressive RR-DTC. The median duration of response with lenvatinib was inversely correlated with a smaller tumor burden, and prognosis was significantly worse in patients with a high tumor burden. An 18 mg/day starting dose of lenvatinib was not noninferior to 24 mg/day and had a comparable safety profile. Timely management of adverse events is crucial, as patients with shorter dose interruptions benefitted more from lenvatinib treatment. Caution should be exercised when initiating lenvatinib in patients who have tumor infiltration into the trachea or other organs, or certain histological subtypes of DTC, as these are risk factors for fistula formation or organ perforation. The Study of (E7080) LEnvatinib in Differentiated Cancer of the Thyroid (SELECT) eligibility criteria should be considered prior to initiating lenvatinib treatment.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates that patients benefit most from lenvatinib treatment that is initiated earlier in advanced disease when the disease burden is low. A starting dose of lenvatinib 24 mg/day, with dose modifications as required, yields better outcomes as compared to 18 mg/day. Appropriate supportive care, including timely identification of adverse events, is essential to manage toxicities associated with lenvatinib, avoid longer dose interruptions, and maximize efficacy.  相似文献   

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赵腾  李田军  丛慧 《肿瘤学杂志》2015,21(6):459-464
[目的]探讨动态监测131I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(sTg)在伴有远处转移的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)诊治中的意义.[方法]221例甲状腺全切或次全切术后拟行131I治疗的DTC患者,根据是否存在远处转移分为M1组(50例)和M0组(171例).动态监测131I治疗前sTg及相应促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平(首次测量值记为Tg1、TSH1,末次记为Tg2、TSH2).分别计算sTg变化值(△Tg)及其变化速度(vTg)、Tg/rSH变化值(△Tg’)及其变化速度(vTg’),以及sTg随TSH变化比值(△Tg/△TSH).将以上各sTg变化指标分别与Tg1、Tg2结合,建立Logistic回归方程,并用ROC曲线及最佳诊断界值点(DCP)评估各指标单独及联合应用在判断远处转移性DTC的价值.[结果]sTg变化指标中,△Tg/△TSH对远处转移性DTC的诊断更有价值,界值范围为-0.40~0.44ng/μIU,对应灵敏度、特异性、准确率分别为90.00%、88.89%和89.14%.△Tg/△TSH结合sTg水平(Tg1或Tg2)联合判断DTC远处转移的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)可达0.971,特异性93.57%,准确率92.31%,较两者单独应用时均有提高.[结论]131I治疗前动态监测sTg对伴有远处转移DTC的诊疗具有增益效应,sTg随TSH变化比值(△Tg/△TSH)与sTg水平结合有助于提高DTC远处转移诊断的准确率和特异性,为DTC 131I治疗前评估及治疗策略的制定提供依据.  相似文献   

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目的:探讨分化型甲状腺癌( DTC)患者再次手术中甲状旁腺的保护方法和策略。方法回顾性分析32例DTC患者的临床资料,并对甲状旁腺损伤情况进行总结。结果32例患者均经病理证实为DTC,术后因甲状旁腺素明显降低导致手足麻木者5例,占15.62%。结论 DTC患者再次手术时较易损伤甲状旁腺;DTC的初次手术范围应规范,熟悉甲状旁腺的解剖变异并在术中对其精确辨别,发生误伤及时自体移植,可有效减少损伤的发生。  相似文献   

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Background

The optimal timing of targeted therapy (TT) initiation for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) is not clear. We used a nationwide cancer registry to determine clinical and social factors associated with delayed TT and to evaluate the association of a delayed approach with overall survival (OS).

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study utilizing the National Cancer Data Base from 2006 to 2012 for patients diagnosed with mRCC (clear-cell histology) treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy and TT. Time to initiation of TT was defined as early (within 2 months), moderately delayed (2-4 months), delayed (4-6 months), and late (> 6 months).

Results

Of the 2716 patients included in the analysis, the median (interquartile range) time from diagnosis to initiation of TT was 2.1 (1.3-3.23) months. A total of 1255 patients (46.2%) had early TT, 1072 patients (39.5%) had moderately delayed TT, 284 patients (10.5%) had delayed TT, and 105 patients (3.9%) had late TT. Delay in TT initiation was not independently associated with OS in multivariable analysis. The time interval from diagnosis to TT initiation was not correlated with time from initiation of TT to death (r = 0.04, P = .08).

Conclusion

We found that delayed initiation of TT was not an independent predictor of worse OS. Although this study is subject to limitations of observation study design and selection bias, the results are consistent with the notion that in carefully selected patients, outcomes might not be compromised with initial observation.  相似文献   

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