桥小脑角脑膜瘤经枕下乙状窦后入路的显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤经枕下乙状窦后入路行显微外科手术治疗的技巧.方法 回顾性分析我科2001年1月至2009年7月间诊治的16例桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床资料.结果 本组肿瘤全切12例,近全切除4例.术后颅神经功能改善9例,症状无改善或加重者7例,术后出现脑脊液漏2例,后组颅神经损伤者2例,无死亡病例.结论 桥小脑角脑膜瘤可选择经枕下乙状窦后入路,术中注意对血管、神经和脑干的保护,提高切除肿瘤的技巧,预防和处理术后并发症,是保证手术疗效和术后生活质量的关键.     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤手术入路及显微手术切除方法 .方法 回顾分析经显微手术治疗的40例桥小脑角脑膜瘤,均采用枕下乙状窦后入路.结果 肿瘤全切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)32例,全切除率为80%.手术死亡2例.术后症状改善者32例,症状基本同术前4例.结论 合理选择手术入路,术中应用显微技术妥善处理和保护血管、神经、脑干等,能较理想地切除肿瘤和提高患者生存质量.     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤显微切除的面听神经功能保护

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤经显微外科手术切除方法以及神经功能保护效果。方法回顾性分析2003年4月至2009年11月我科诊治的21例桥小脑角脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果2I例中行Simpsot Ⅰ切除10例,Simpson Ⅱ切除6例,近全切除5例（其中相当Kabayashi分级的Ⅳa级切除者4例）,肿瘤全切16例,面神经功能保留16例,听力保留14例;听力改善4例,疗效满意。结论显微手术切除是桥小脑角脑膜瘤安全、有效的治疗方法,术前影像学检查有助于早期定位,术中妥善处理和保护血管、神经,在保留神经功能完整性的前提下尽量全切除肿瘤,是提高手术疗效和患者术后生活质量的关键。     

桥小脑角非听神经瘤病变的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨桥小脑角非听神经瘤病变的诊断及其手术治疗.方法 回顾分析2001年1月至2006年3月27例桥小脑角非听神经瘤的病史资料,其中后组颅神经鞘瘤9例,三叉神经鞘瘤4例,脑膜瘤4例,胆脂瘤4例,蛛网膜囊肿2例,海绵状血管瘤1例,恶性肿瘤3例.所有病例均接受手术治疗,术前诊断和手术径路根据术前MRI检查结果确定.结果 所有肿瘤均全切除,术后随访中2例恶性肿瘤患者死亡,1例胆脂瘤复发.结论 MRI对桥小脑角病变具有诊断价值,根据术前MRI结果选取手术径路是获得最佳治疗效果的保证.     

21例颅后窝脑膜瘤临床分析

本文报告经手术治疗颅后窝脑膜瘤21侧,占同期颅内脑膜瘤163例的12.88%;计小脑凸面11例,小脑桥脑角7例,枕大孔区2例及横窦部1例。作者就上述部位脑膜瘤的临床表现与诊断分别作了简要的介绍与讨论。建议颅后窝脑膜瘤,特别是小脑凸面、小脑桥脑角及天幕下脑膜瘤,以其附着点结合肿瘤主体所在位置命名。文中分析了手术死亡3例的原因。     

颅底脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的：总结颅底脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗经验．方法回顾分析显微镜直视下手术切除10例颅底脑膜瘤的临床资料,其中嗅沟脑膜瘤3例,蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤、中颅窝底脑膜瘤、桥小脑角脑膜瘤各2例,颞叶天摹脑膜瘤1例．结果肿瘤全切除7例,次全切除3例．无严重并发症或死亡病例．术后2个月全部病人症状改善．9例获随访、2a脑膜瘤复发1例．结论选择好手术入路和运用好显微外科技术可以提高颅底脑膜瘤的全切率,降低死亡率．     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤经枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术策略

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床特点,经枕下乙状窦后入路的显微手术治疗技巧。方法收集2006年1月-2010年12月山西医科大学附属第一医院采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗的31例桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床资料,对其在肿瘤切除程度、面听神经功能保护等方面进行回顾性研究。结果31例中行Simpson Ⅰ级切除8例（25．8%）,Ⅱ级17例（54．8％）,Ⅲ级6例（19．4％）,术后临床症状改善者22例,基本同术前者7例,症状加重者2例,无死亡病例,面神经功能保留者23例（74．2％）,听力保留者21例（67．7％）。结论枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角脑膜瘤安全、有效,术中结合电生理监测及神经内镜技术,可以提高肿瘤的全切率,面听神经功能保留率,改善患者术后生活质量。     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析经手术治疗7例桥小脑角脑膜瘤。结果肿瘤全部切除5例，大部分切除2例，无手术死亡，随访无死亡，无复发。结论手术治疗是桥小脑角脑膜溜的首选治疗方法。合理选择手术入路，术中妥善处理和保护血管、神经、脑干等是提高手术疗效和患者术后生活质量的关键。     

桥脑角区肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的：提高显微外科手术切除小脑桥脑角区肿瘤的技巧,减少手术并发症,予病人术后良好的生存质量。方法：分析１９９４～１９９８年我科经显微外科手术切除小脑桥脑角区肿瘤４２例的经验。结果：全切除３１例（７３．８％）,次全切６例（１４．２％）,面神经保留２１例（５０％）,死亡例（４．７％）。结论：应用显微外科技术是改善小脑桥脑角区肿瘤手术效果,减少手术并发症的关键。     

桥小脑角非听神经瘤病变的诊断与治疗

目的探讨桥小脑角非听神经瘤病变的诊断及其手术治疗。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2006年3月27例桥小脑角非听神经瘤的病史资料,其中后组颅神经鞘瘤9例,三叉神经鞘瘤4例,脑膜瘤4例,胆脂瘤4例,蛛网膜囊肿2例,海绵状血管瘤1例,恶性肿瘤3例。所有病例均接受手术治疗,术前诊断和手术径路根据术前MR I检查结果确定。结果所有肿瘤均全切除,术后随访中2例恶性肿瘤患者死亡,1例胆脂瘤复发。结论MR I对桥小脑角病变具有诊断价值,根据术前MR I结果选取手术径路是获得最佳治疗效果的保证。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.